多种英语教学法在英语教学中的应用

多种英语教学法在英语教学中的应用
多种英语教学法在英语教学中的应用

【摘要】在英语教学的发展史上有很多种不同的教学法,我国英语教学也在其发展阶段应用过不同的教学法,本文通过对几种英语教学法的分析,论述了如何在英语教学中将不同的教学法应用在英语教学中。

【关键词】英语教学法高中英语因材施教

一、英语教学法简介

英语作为全世界被应用范围最广的语言,其教学方法的发展已经经历了数百年,在这期间形成了许多不同种类的教学法。每一种教学法的提出与发展都有其时代的特点。以下介绍几种我国应用过的主要的英语教学方法。

1.语法翻译法。语法翻译法作为早期的英语教学方法注重学生对语法的学习,由于起源于拉丁语教学法,拉丁语作为世界上最难以学习的语言之一,语法的重要性可想而知。语法教学法的特点就是侧重阅读能力的培养;充分利用母语并且依靠母语讲解语言语法知识;反复进行母语和目标语的互译。

2.听说法。听说法起源于20世纪40年代的美国,由于第二次世界大战的爆发,美国军队需要在短期内培养能够掌握外语的人才,听说法应运而生,采取一系列措施和方法强化和训练士兵的听说能力,对于这种“简单粗暴”的外语学习方法,在各国引用后又加以改善,使其在英语教学中形成了自己的特点,强调听说的重要性;强调语言是其母语者日常所说;强调语言是一系列行为习惯。听说法以行为主义为理论基础。

3.交际法。交际法主要理论依据是海姆斯的交际能力理论和韩礼德的系统功能语言学。交际法以交际能力的培养为主,认为外语学习以需求为主;社会交际功能为语言的主要功能;而外语学习的目的就是培养学习者在特定的环境下如何恰当的使用语言进行交流。交际法的特点为:分析学生会对外语的需要;教学过程要以培养交际能力为目的;在交际活动的过程中更好的学习语言。

二、英语教学法在我国的应用历程

在英语教学中的几种主要的教学法我国都有过应用,尤其语法翻译法。在我国最初开始重视英语教学的阶段,国内的英语教师数量并不多,而且教师的质量也并不高,英语教学被认为与母语有异曲同工之处,所以语法翻译法就成为了主要的教学方法。那时的英语应用主要停留在翻译和阅读上。

随着我国和世界的接触日益频繁,对英语学习者的要求也越来越高,于是在20世纪60年代听说法传入了我国。由于听说法更注重实际的交流,英语学习不仅仅停留在纸面上,而是在交谈中。在教学中,教师更加注意句型的教授,并且开始强调英语式的思维。语法翻译法到听说法的过渡对我国英语教学是一次比较大的挑战也是必不可少的部分。

20世纪80年代以来,交际法的出现对我国的英语教学提出了新的挑战并且逐渐在国内受到欢迎,交际能力的培养开始逐渐的受到重视。这是由于改革开放为我国带来了巨大的发展机会,英语作为“世界的语言”是人们在很多方面都必不可少的工具。到了九十年代后期,国内的英语教师的数量和质量已经有了飞跃式的提高。学习者的眼界开阔了,对于英语学习的需求也在提高。小学初中也都开设了英语课,这就使学生可以在英语学习的最佳阶段接触英语学习。在高中阶段就可以对学生的交际能力进行培养和提高。

三、英语教学法的共同应用

1.阅读教学。阅读教学在英语教学中的地位非常重要,在我国的大多数英语考试中都占据着极高的分值,所以阅读教学的策略就变得极为重要。语法翻译法虽然属于英语教学法中比较传统的老式教学法,但在阅读教学中的应用价值依然不能忽视。英语考试随着学生年龄的增长和学生层次的增加,阅读的难度也越来越大。很多考生在阅读文章时就会发现虽然单词的意思都理解但是整个句子的含义却无法理解。这就是我国学生在学习英语时语法知识掌

握的不够灵活,尤其对于高中生或者非英语专业的学生。这就需要将语法的特点应用到阅读教学中。将两种语言的互译作为重点,最起码要了解句子的涵义。

2.写作教学。写作教学也是国内英语考试的重点内容,而且写作教学需要学生将英语词汇和语法的知识结合起来。在写作过程中如何培养学生的英语式的思维及其重要,并且要有足够的词汇量以及语法知识。语法翻译法和交际法相结合的办法会提高学生的写作水平。首先交际法强调学生的交际能力,在这个过程中学生的英语式思维会得到很强的锻炼。语法交际法又注重语言的互译性,这样学生在写作过程中表达不清,中式思维等问题会得到改善。

3.听说教学。听力和口语的教学在我国英语教学中受重视程度正在逐渐加强,在强调语言应用性的今天,听说能力已经变成学生学习英语的重要评价指标。听说法的基础就是培养学生的听说能力,但是听说法更注重的是反复的操练从而形成习惯。如果将交际法和听说法相结合的话,学生的听说能力的提高就会更加高效,教师要为学生创造足够的条件去学习,而不是让学生反复的模仿,这样会发散学生的思维,使学生的语感得到加强。

四、结论

本文通过对几种传统英语教学法特点的分析,结合我国英语教学的现状,提出了将不同的英语教学法分别或共同应用到英语教学中。随着我国对英语教学的重视程度逐渐加强,学生的的英语学习基础越来越好,做到因材施教和因地制宜相结合才会提高英语教学的效率。但是在课堂中如何应用不同的教学法还需要英语教师们继续在实际教学中进行摸索,希望本文可以为英语教师们再教学中提供一些灵感,并且用实践去检验理论的可行性。

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4. 教学式安全,简便易行,可操作性强。 语法翻译法的劣势 1. 过分依赖母语和翻译法,容易造成学习者依赖母语。 2. 把语言更多当做知识而不是交际技能来锻炼 3. 过分重视学习者阅读写作能力,轻视学习者的听说能力 4. 机械翻译,大量阅读等法较死板,容易使学习者失去主动性和兴趣,学习气氛沉闷。 Task: When and how can we apply this approach properly?

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Unit 1 Language and Language Learning Aims of the unit In this unit we will discuss some general matters about language learning and teaching. We are going to discuss five questions on particular: 1.How do we learn language 2.What are the common views on language 3.What are the common views on language learning 4.What are the qualities of a good language teacher 5.How can one become a good language teacher 1.1How do we learn languages Mach of human behavior is influenced by their experiences. The way language teachers teach in the classroom is to some extent influenced by the way they learned languages. This is especially true in foreign language teaching. Before we discuss language learning theories, let us first reflect on our own language learning experience. Task 1 Below is a list of interview questions on how people learn a foreign language. In the first column, write down your own responses. Then interview three other students in your class and enter their responses in the other columns. Discuss your findings in group of 4 and draw some conclusion.

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总目标是使学生在义务教育阶段英语学习的基础上,进一步明确英语学习的目的,发展自主学习和合作学习的能力;形成有效的英语学习策略;培养学生的综合语言运用能力。综合语言运用能力的形成建立在语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整合发展的基础上。语言技能和语言知识是综合语言运用能力基础。情感态度是影响学生学习和发展的重要因素。学习策略是提高学习效率、发展自主学习能力的先决条件。文化意识则是得体运用语言的保障,这五个方面共同促进综合语言运用能力的形成。 Principles of communicative language teaching(CLT) Communication principle:activities that involve real communication promote learning Task principle:activities in which language is used for carrying out meaningful taskspromote learning Meaningfulness principle: language that is meaningful to the learner supports the learning process Listening and speaking skills need to be refined in terms of the real communicative use,Students should have the chance to listen to and produce what is meaningful, authentic, unpredictable, and creative if possible. Reading is extract meaning or information and the learning of grammar and vocabulary is to facilitate the process Writing:In CLT, students have the chance to write to express their own feelings or describe their own experiences, thus making the practice of writing meaningful and authenticLanguage content (to incorporate functions); CLT just has only expanded the areas Learning process (cognitive style and information processing); and Product (language skills). Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT) Task-based Language teaching is, in fact, a further development of Communicative Language Teaching. It shares the same beliefs, as language should be learned as close as possible to how it is used in real life. It has stressed the importance to combine for m-focused teaching with communication-focused teaching Four components of a task A purpose: making sure the students have a reason for undertaking the task. If the students don't understand why they undertake the task, they will lost interest and the task will face failure. A context: the task can be real, simulated or imaginary, and involves sociolinguistic issues, such as the location, the participants and their relationships, the time and other important factors. A process: getting the students to use learning strategies such as problem solving reasoning, inquiring, conceptualizing and communicating. A product: there will be some form of outcome, either visible (a written plan, a play, a letter. etc.) or invisible (enjoying a story, learning about another country, etc.) The PPP Model & The 5-step teaching method 3p:Step I. Presentation Step II. Practice Step III. Production 5-step Model:Step I. Revision Step II. Presentation Step II. Presentation Step IV. Practice Step V. Consolidation Differences between PPP and TBL:1.The way students use and experience language in TBL is radically different from PPP 2.TBL can provide acontent for grammar teaching and form-focused activities.PPP is different in this aspect. Steps of designing a tasks:

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《英语教学法》(1)期末考试试题之一答案和评分标准 Part I. Fill in the blanks with correct information: 30%, two points each 1.the teaching of English as a foreign language 2.reading, writing, translation 3. a functional-notional 4.Sociolinguistics 5.without any conscious learning 6.generative-transformational grammar 7.Total Physical Response, Community Language Learning, Suggestopedia 8.Structural syllabus, Topic syllabus, Functional syllabus, Situational syllabus, Skills syllabus 9.the needs assessment or diagnosis, formulation of objectives, selection of content 10.knowing a language https://www.360docs.net/doc/1f8975423.html,municative https://www.360docs.net/doc/1f8975423.html,municative Language Teaching 13.different functions, different characteristics 14.students’ communicative competence 15.CLT—Communicative Language Teaching Part II Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. 20%, two points each 1. T 2. T 3. T 4 F 5. F 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. F 10. F Part III 50% Design a reading lesson with three stages as required. Imagine that you would teach this text to a senior middle school class; think about the pre-reading activities you might design for it. [The original text is provided for the reference of markers] Sustainable development: China’s choice for the 21st century What will the earth look like in the 21st century? As acid rain, ozone depletion, and soil erosion destroy the earth’s environment and as the negative effects of economic development, such as decreased forest coverage, over-exploration of marine resources and shrinking farmland become more obvious, people have grown concerned about their future living space. In 1987, Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland introduced the term ‘sustainable development’in her report entitled Our Common Future to the World Environment and Development Council. The United Nations Environment and Development Conference held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992, accepted the new term and passed the framework document called “Agenda 21”. The conference was a milestone and marked a shift from traditional development and life styles to the start of sustained development in the global economy. It proved that development and environmental protection had finally achieved equal importance. It is universally acknowledged that the problem of environmental protection and improvement will be solved only when it is considered in the context of development. At that very conference, Chinese Premier Li Peng, on behalf of the Chinese government,

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