高二虚拟语气讲与练(含答案解析)
高二语法讲与练虚拟语气
概述
虚拟语气是各种英语考试中考察最多的一种。虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达：
1.非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人的主观愿望。
2.强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告等意思，表示强烈地要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。
虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而起一般有明显的标志。
一、If型
If条件状语从句表示的虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：
特别值得注意的是，这种虚拟语气的形式存在交叉虚拟，即如果从句发生的动作和主句发生的动作不一致(例如：从句动作发生在过去，主句动作发生在现在)，谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。例如：If Peter had applied for the post, he would probably get it now. 要是彼得申请了那职位，他很可能现在就得到了。
If he had left for Shanghai yesterday, he would get there now. 如果他昨天动身去上海的话，他现在已经到那里了。
二、Wish型
I wish they would change the menu.他们要是改变一下菜单就好了。
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.我要是没花那么多的钱就好了。
同样地，在as if/as though引导的宾语从句中和以if only引导的带有感叹色彩的虚拟语气句子中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟形式相同。
2.由if only 引导的虚拟语气
与过去事实相反if only 谓语动词用had done
与现在事实相反if only 谓语动词用did
If only she had asked someone’s advice! 她要是征求了别人的意见就好了！
3.由as if/as though even if / even though 引导的虚拟语气
与过去事实相反谓语动词用had done
与现在事实相反谓语动词用did
He talks about Rome as if he had been there himself.谈论起罗马来就像他去过似的。
He orders me as though I were his wife.他向我发号施令就好像我是他的妻子似的。
三、强制性虚拟语气
1.表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词+ that + (should) + 动词原形，其中should经常被省略。这类动词包括：advise，ask，command，decide，decree，demand，desire，determine，direct，insist，maintain，move(动议，规定)，order，prefer，propose，recommend，require，stipulate，suggest等等。例如：
It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios (should) not be played after 11 o'clock at night.酒店管理人员恳请房客在晚上11点之后不要打开收音机。
2.以上动词转化为名词，如suggestion，proposal，demand，order，command，advice，desire，requirement，request，agreement，determination，preference，resolution，indication，后接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句要求用虚拟语气，其谓语部分用should + 动词原形，should可以省略。例如：
We are all for your proposal that discussion should be put off.我们都支持你推迟讨论的建议。
3.值得注意的是，只有suggest意为“建议”、insist意为“坚持认为”时，从句用虚拟语气，当suggest 意为“暗示”、insist意为“坚持说”时，从句不用虚拟语气。例如：
When the son suggested that they should go to park on Sunday, the expression on his father suggested that he agreed with him.当儿子提议星期天去公园时，父亲用表情表示了默许。
The boy insisted that he didn’t cheat in the exam.这个孩子坚持说他没有在考试中作弊。(考试已经结束) The boy insisted that he shouldn’t cheat in the exam.这个孩子坚持认为不应该在考试中作弊。(考试还未进行)
4.It is/was + 形容词/过去分词+ that + (should) + 动词原形，这些形容词主要表示必要性、重要性、强制性、合适性、义务性，即某人对某事的反应。这类词包括：important，natural，desirable，possible，astonishing，advisable，anxious，appropriate，compulsory，crucial，eager，essential，fitting，imperative，improper，necessary，obligatory，preferable，proper，urgent，vital，shocked，requested，amazing，strange，odd，ridiculous，surprising，unthinkable，incredible等等。例如：
It is important that students graduating from universities should have not only theory but also practice.大学毕业生不仅要有理论知识，更要有实践经验，这一点很重要。
It is surprising that they should kill the time like that.他们竟然这样打发时间，真是太奇怪了。
四、其他类型的虚拟语气
1.由would rather/sooner，would sooner，had rather，would just as soon，would prefer等结构引导的虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：
与过去事实相反would rather/sooner…谓语动词用had done
与现在、将来事实相反would rather/sooner…谓语动词用did
2.由it is time引导的虚拟语气，谓语动词始终用did。
3.在lest that，for fear that，in case that，引导的表示消极意义的目的状语从句中常用虚拟语气，结构用should + 动词原形。例如：
I keep some candle in the house in case that electric power should fail.我在家里备了些蜡烛，以防断电。
4.含蓄虚拟条件句是指没有出现用if 引导的条件句，而条件句的意思是用其他方式表达的。如：without，but for，otherwise，or，but that，given，provided，supposing，were it not for等等。例如：Given me more time, I would have worked out a more perfect scheme. 再给我一点时间的话，我本可以设计出更加完善的方案。
Were it not for your help, I would haven’t finished the work on time. 要不是你的帮助，我不可能按时完成工作。
5.表示祝愿或希望用虚拟语气，例如：
Long live the queen! 女王万岁！
God bless you! 上帝保佑你！
考点
一、虚拟语气用于名词性从句
1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would / could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could (should) + have + 过去分词”。例如：
I wish that the rain would stop.
②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”或是“动词原形”。
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
③Would (had) rather, would just as soon, would sooner, would prefer + 从句结构
这几个句型都表示一种“婉转的责备”，谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。
I'd rather she stayed at home in such a bad health condition.
④expect, believe, think, suspect, imagine等动词的否定或疑问形式的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形。
I never expected that the problem should be so complicated.
2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
作表示建议、要求、命令等名词的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+ 动词原形”。
It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad．
3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。常用的形容词：natural，necessary，important，urgent，probable，desirable，advisable, essential，常用的过去分词：required, demanded，suggested, recommended, ordered。
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
二、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用
1）虚拟语气在as if / as though、even if / even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。例如：She loves the children in the kindergarten as if they were her own.
2）虚拟语气用于句型“It is (about / high) time (that)...”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were) 或should + 动词原形。例如：
It is high time (that) we began to work.
3）虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。例如：
If only he could come tomorrow.
4）虚拟语气用在“for fear that”引起的状语从句中,其形式为should +动词原形（should不能省略）。例如：She put a blanket over that baby for fear that he should catch cold.
1. The teacher required that no one ________ late for class.
A. be
B. must be
C. should have been
D. was 1. A。此题考查虚拟语气的用法。动词demand，require，suggest，insist，advise，order等后接宾语从句时，从句中谓语动词应使用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形(do / be done)”，should可省略。
2. Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun.
A. should move
B. move
C. moves
D. is moving C。insist如果表示“坚决认为、主张”的意思，后接宾语从句时，应使用真实语气。
3. —I missed the film last night. —Oh, what a pity! I wish you ________ another chance.
A. had had
B. would have
C. will have
D. would have had B。3 wish，其后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气。题3中宾语从句表示对将来动作的虚拟，谓语动词应使用过去将来时。题4中宾语从句表示对过去动作的虚拟，谓语动词应使用过去完成时。
5. She insisted that she ________ go shopping together with me.
A. would
B. should
C. could
D. might 5. B。insist如果是“坚决要求(做)……”的意思，后接宾语从句时，应使用虚拟语气，即：should+动词原形，should可以省略。
6. Professor Smith suggested that we ________ waste time discussing the problem of little importance.
A. wouldn't
B. should
C. couldn't
D. not D。suggest表示“建议”时，其后接的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，这里省略了should
7. —Shall I tell them the news? —No, I would rather they ________ know.
A. don't
B. didn't
C. won't
D. wouldn't 7. B。would rather后接宾语从句时，从句中谓语动词应使用虚拟语气。表示对现在或将来的虚拟，应使用过去时(7、9题)；
10. I'm a student now, but I wish I ________ a superstar like Jordan.
A. be
B. am
C. become
D. were D。wish后接宾语从句时，如果谓语动词是系动词be且从句表示与现在事实相反的愿望，不论是第几人称，虚拟语气中常常使用were。
同步练
一、判断正误
1.【误】If Della hadn't sold her hair, she couldn't buy the gold watch for Jim.
【正】If Della hadn't sold her hair, she couldn't have bought the gold watch for Jim.
【析】对过去情况虚拟的条件句中,从句应用过去完成时,主句应用情态动词的过去式形式+ have done。
2.【误】I wish I wasn't busy yesterday and could finish with the recorder.
【正】I wish I hadn't been busy yesterday and could have finished with the recorder.
【析】在I wish that从句中,动词应用虚拟语气形式。与过去事实相反时,从句谓语动词为had +动词的过去分词;
3.【误】He insisted that he should be really very tired and that he must be allowed to have a rest.
【正】He insisted that he was really very tired and that he should be allowed to have a rest.
【析】在desire, insist, request, require, recommend, suggest, command, demand以及order等这些表示命令、建议、要求等词后面的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should +动词原形,should可以省略。
4.【误】It's time that you have gone over the whole book.
【正】It's time that you went over the whole book. or It's time that you should go over the whole book. 【析】在It's (high) time (that)后面的宾语从句中,其谓语通常用动词的过去式或should +动词原形。
5.【误】It is important that we shall close the window before we leave.
【正】It is important that we (should) close the window before we leave.
【析】在It is important (necessary,strange,natural,desirable等)后面的that主语从句中,谓语动词应用should +动词原形,should可以省略。
6.【误】If only my grandpa see this film with us now.
【正】If only my grandpa could see this film with us now.
【析】if only表示"要是……就好了"、"但愿……"虚拟语气的感叹句。本句说的是现在的情况,应用情态动词的过去式加动词原形;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态。
7.【误】His suggestion that you must try once more sounds reasonable.
【正】His suggestion that you (should) try once more sounds reasonable.
【析】作suggestion, advice, idea, demand, plan, proposal, request等名词的表语从句或同位语从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构"(should)+动词原形"。
8.【误】It is demanded that the wounded must be sent to hospital right away.
【正】It is demanded that the wounded (should) be sent to hospital right away.
【析】在It is demanded(ordered,requested,suggested,desired等)that...这一结构中,主语从句中的谓语动词要用(should)+动词原形。
9.【误】When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it breaks.
【正】When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.
【析】在as if(though)引导的表语从句或状语从句中,如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去式;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had +过去分词";表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"would(might,could)+动词原形"。
10.【误】I would rather he should come tomorrow than today.
【正】I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
【析】在would (had) rather引导的宾语从句中当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。
11.【误】Without your help, we will not make such rapid progress.
【正】Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.
【析】我们有时用一些介词短语(如:but for, without, otherwise, in that case等),或通过上下文来表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气。本句是对过去事实进行假设的虚拟语气的句子,without your help相当于if we hadn't had your help,因而主句应当用情态动词的过去式加上动词的完成体形式。
12.【误】If it weren't for my job, I will come with you.
【正】If it weren't for my job, I would come with you.
用If it were not for...表与现在相反,谓要用would (should)加原形;用If it had not been for...这一结构来表达与过
去事实相反的情况,谓语动词要用would(should)加动词的完成体。
二、难点
1. I ________ that the old man had lived with his daughter ten years ago，but he is still living alone.
A. think
B. was thinking
C. had thought
D. have thought
C。一些表心理活动的动词(如think，suppose，guess，hope等)可用“过去完成时或一般过去时后接宾语从句”表示一个“与事实不符的过去的想法、猜想或希望”。
2. I ________ to go to your birthday party，but I had to look after my mother in hospital.
A. loved
B. have loved
C. should love
D. should have loved
D。可用“should / would + have liked / loved + to do sth.”表示“过去本来想要做某事而未曾做到”。
3. They ________ a lecture at 8：30，but they had to put it off because the speaker didn’t arrive on time.
A. were to have held
B. were to hold
C. held
D. had held
A。可用“was / were + to have done sth.”表示“过去本来计划、安排做某事，但并未做到”。
4. I would rather not ________ with her about it，but I didn’t control my feelings at that time.
A. quarrel
B. to quarrel
C. have quarreled
D. had quarreled
C。可用“would rather + have done sth.”表示“主观上本来宁愿做某事，而实际上却没有做”，用否定式则表示“主观上本来宁愿不做某事，而实际上却做了”。
5. — I can't recite the poem. — Well，you are supposed ________ it many times yesterday evening.
A. to read
B. to have read
C. reading
D. having read
B。be supposed有“应该”之意，后面只接不定式，若不定式用完成式，表示“过去本来应该做某事，而实际上没有去做”，用否定式意思相反，此用法也含有批评、责备、抱怨之意。
6. If I ________ in health，I ________ swimming in the lake with them yesterday.
A. was；went
B. was；was going
C. were; would go
D. had been；would have gone
D。当if条件状语从句表示对过去情况的假设时，从句谓语用had done，主句用would have done。
7. I went to see my uncle last night. Otherwise，I ________ Mr. Smith at my house.
A. met
B. would meet
C. had met
D. would have met
D。有时虚拟if条件从句不出现，而是通过某些词语(如otherwise，or，without，but for，but等)暗示虚拟语境，这时句子要用虚拟语气，注意要准确判断时间，决定句子谓语动词形式。此题显然与过去相关。1.
高考真题
条件状语从句
1：If there were no subjunctive mood，English ____ much easier．（MET1984）
A．will be B．would have been C．could have been D．would be
分析：虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的条件句中时，从句中的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were），主句的谓语动词用should ／would ＋动词原形。故本题正确答案为D。
2：You didn't let me drive．If we ____ in turn，you ____ so tired．（NMET1996）
A．drove；didn't get B．drove；wouldn't get C．were driving；wouldn't get D．had driven；wouldn't have got
分析：虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的条件句中时，从句中的谓语用had ＋过去分词，主句的谓语动词用should ／would ＋have ＋过去分词。故本题正确答案为D。
3：—If he ____，he ____ that food．—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately．（NMET1993）
A．was warned；would not take B．had been warned；would not have taken
C．would be warned；had not taken D．would have been warned；had not taken
分析：本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故本题正确答案为B。
4：If it ____ for the snow，we ____ the mountain yesterday．（NMET1991）
A．were not；could have climbed B．were not；could climb
C．had not been；could have climbed D．had not been；couldclimb
分析：本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。If it had not been for．．．常以固定句型的形式出现，意思是“如果
不是……；如果没有……”。故本题正确答案为C。
注：与将来事实可能相反的非真实条件句到目前为止尚未考过，但应引起考生的重视。其结构为：条件从句中的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were）／were to ＋动词原形／should ＋动词原形，主句的谓语动词用should ／would ＋动词原形。如：
If you dropped ／were to drop ／should drop the glass，it would break．假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上，它会打碎的。5：It is hard for me to imaginewhat I would be doing today if I ____ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown．（2002上海高考）
A．wouldn't have fallen B．had not fallen C．should fall D．were to fall
这是一个错综时间条件句，主句表达的是与现在事实相反的情况，而从句表达的是与过去事实相反的情况B
6：What would have happened ____，as far as the river bank？（2001上海高考）
A．Bob had walked farther B．if Bob should walk farther C．had Bob walked farther D．if Bob walked farther
这是一个倒装句。如果从句中有were，had或should时，可省略if，并把以上的词提到句首，构成倒装。C。
含蓄条件句
7：He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he ____ a goal．（2001上海春招）
A．had scored B．scored C．would score D．would have scored
分析：在本题中，假设的情况不是用条件从句表示出来，而是暗含在上文中。故本题正确答案为D。
8：Without electricity human life ____ quite different today．（MET1991）
A．is B．will be C．would have been D．would be
分析：在本题中，假设的情况暗含在介词短语中。故本题正确答案为D。
9：Look at the trouble I am in！If only I ____ your advice．（2003上海春招）
A．followed B．would follow C．had followed D．should follow
分析：这是省去结果主句的非真实条件句。故本题正确答案为C。
wish后的宾语从句
10：How I wish every family ____ a large house with a beautiful garden！（2002上海春招）
A．has B．had C．will have D．had had
动词wish表示愿望。表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，从句中动词用过去式；表示与过去事实相反的愿望时，从句中动词用过去完成式；表示对将来的希求，从动词用would ＋动词原形。本题是与现在事实相反的愿望B
其他从句
11：____ be sent to work there？（2002上海高考）
A．Who do you suggest B．Who do you suggest that should
C．Do you suggest who should D．Do you suggest whom should
当主句动词是suggest（建议），demand，propose，order，insist（坚持），require，request等时，从句中谓语用should ＋动词原形，should可以省略。故本题正确答案为A。
12：I insist that a doctor ____ immediately．（MET1988）
A．has been sent for B．sends for C．will be sent for D．be sent for
这是一个宾语从句，doctor与send之间是被动关系，故从句中用被动语态。故本题正确答案为D。
13：When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it ____ ．（NMET1995）
A．breaks B．has broken C．were broken D．had been broken
在as if引导的表语从句中，从句动词用虚拟语气或真实语气均可；在as if引导的状语从句中，从句动词应该用虚拟语气。对现在的虚拟用过去式，对过去的虚拟用had ＋过去分词，对将来的虚拟用would ＋动词原形C
14. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but ________ didn’t help. (2005全国卷III)
A. it
B. she
C. which
D. he
A。it指前面说的话。advise后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”或直接用动词原形。
15. —Don’t you think it necessary that he___to Miami but to New York?
—I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. (2005 江苏卷)
A. will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; what
B。形容词为necessary的主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，should可以省去；
如果表语从句不缺成分，常用that连接。
16.I insist that a doctor__________immediately. (MET88)
A.has been sent for
B.sends for
C.had been sent for
D.be sent for
.D。该句中的介词短语起了虚拟条件句的作用,因为假设的是现在的情况,主动词应该用“would+动词原形”的形式
17.I wish I__________you yesterday. (MET88)
A.seen
B.did see
C.had seen
D.were to see
C。wish后宾从通常表示一种没有实现的愿望。该句表达的是与过去事实相反的愿望,所以应该用过去完成时。
18.The rice__________if you had been more careful. (MET88)
A.would not be burning
B.would not burn
C.would not have been burnt
D.would not burnt
C。该题是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句用过去完成时,主句用“would have done”结构。
19.If my lawyer__________here last Saturday,he__________me from going. (MET89)
A.had been;would have prevented
B.had been;would prevent
C.were;would prevent
D.were;would have prevented A。该题考查虚拟条件句中主句和从句的时态。抓last Saturday这一时状,可知与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
20.I didn’t see your sister at the meeting.If she__________,she would have met my brother. (NMET94)
A.has come
B.did come
C.came
D.had come
D。前句中的时态和后句中的would have met两个信息都可以提示考生这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
21.You didn’t let me drive.If we__________in turn,you__________so tired. (NMET96)
A.drove;didn’t get
B.drov e;wouldn’t get
C.were driving;wouldn’t get
D.had driven;wouldn’t have got
D。对与过去事实相反的条件句中时态的掌握情况,前句中的时态表明,这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解大全
高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解 虚拟语气 什么是虚拟语气？是的，我们要学习虚拟语气就必须先弄明白它的概念。 虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。 另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。 大家知道以上两类虚拟语气后，我们就从从句的角度来系统学习虚拟语气。紧跟小简老师的步伐哦！ 一. 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were) 主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do
If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示与将来事实相反的情况
虚拟语气练习题及答案解析
情态动词、虚拟语气60题 1. ——Don’t forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon. —— No, I＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. A. don’t B. can’t C. won’t D. couldn’t 2. ——I hear you’ve got a set of Australian coins.＿＿＿I have a look? —— Yes, certainly. A. Do B. May C.Shall D. Should 3. He seldom listens to others. He＿＿＿＿＿answer for what he has done. A. shall B. will C. can D. would 4. ——May I leave the office before 5 o’clock in the afternoon? ——No, I’m afraid you＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. A. needn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn't D. won’t 5. —— Shall I tell John about it? —— No, you＿＿＿＿. I don’t know his telephone number. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 6. Mr Bush is on time for everything. How＿＿＿it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 7. The traffic light is red, so I＿＿＿＿＿＿stop my car. A. must B. have to C. can D. mustn’t 8. —— What happened to the young trees we planted? —— The trees＿＿＿＿＿＿well, but I didn’t water them. A. might grow B. needn’t have grown C. would grow D. would have grown 9. I was really anxious about you. You＿＿＿home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave 10. Children＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿in public very often. A. should be praised B. shouldn’t have praised C. shouldn’t have be en praised D. shouldn’t be praised 11. Let’s clean the classroom, ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿?
虚拟语气详解
虚拟语气详解 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望（往往与客观事实相反），或是表示假象和猜测。虚拟语气无论从形式上还是时态上都比较复杂，需要归类记忆。 虚拟语气大体分为三类：(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下面会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律，考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型，剩下的皆是套路~ （1）be型虚拟（基本是套路） 形式：should + 动词原形，should可以省略 用法：1）表示“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句用be型虚拟，常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等 最常见的形式是这类动词后面接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要用（should）+ 动词原形来虚拟 例: We demand that the meeting（should）be postponed. The manager suggested that we (should) work together. 注意：有时候你所见到不一定是上述动词引导的宾语从句，而是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语，如：it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句 例如：It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句) We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句) 只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体，不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变，都用be型虚拟！ 特例：suggest和insist这两个比较特殊，当suggest作“暗示、表明、说明”讲，insist 作“坚持说”讲，后面一般跟的是客观事实，不需要虚拟~这是一个比较重要的考点，体会下面两组句子： We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建一个实验室。 Her expression suggests that she is angry. 她的表情说明她生气了。 She insisted that we should find the source of the river. 她坚持主张我们应该找到河的源头。 She insisted that she had done nothing wrong. 她坚持说自己没做错事。 suggest 的区别很明显，但insist有点难辨别，一般来说如果insist后面跟的是某种主张，或是坚持要做一件事，那么用虚拟。 2）表示主观看法，常表示“某事是必要的、重要的。。。怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“ it is +名词/形容词+ that从句”结构中，常见的形容词包括：advisable, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, dispensable, impossible, natural, surprising等 例如：It is advisable that you (should) leave now. It is necessary that teenagers (should) take part in outside activities. It is of great importance that smoking (should) be banned in public area.
高中英语虚拟语气详解和练习(含答案解析)
虚拟语气 第一节语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 第二节虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 第三节虚拟语气在条件句中 １．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了． ２．在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式． If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
第四节虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 一、虚拟语气在主语从句中 A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ”中，表示某事 重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形（should 可以省略）例如： It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial （关键的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（极为重要的）等。 B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/. that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. C. 在It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。 It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 二、用于宾语从句 用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. 注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意． He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means. 他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱． 三、用于表语从句和同位语从句 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形” should可以省略． My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。 The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。 第五节虚拟语气在其他从句中 1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should 不能省略．
英语虚拟语气练习题20篇及解析
英语虚拟语气练习题20篇及解析 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．If I _____ you, I _____ late for school this morning. A．were, wouldn’t be B．were, wouldn’t C．was, won’t be D．am, will 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析；句意：如果我是你，今天早晨我上学就不会迟到。与现在事实相反，故从句用过去时态，主语用过去将来时态。选项B缺少谓语动词。故选A。 考点：if引导的条件状语从句 点评：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。 1、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” 2、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” 3、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”。 2．--- If I_______ one million dollars, I would give it to medical research. ---If I _______ you, I would give it to charity. A．will have, am B．would have, was C．had, were D．have, is 【答案】C 【解析】考察虚拟语气。第一空，虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去时。第二空，虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去时，be动词用were。故选C 3．--What would you do if you ____ a million dollars? --I’d give it to the charity A．win B．won C．will win D．is to win 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果你赢了一百万美元，你要做什么？——我会把它捐给慈善机构。结合语境可知条件从句中描述的是与将来相反的事实，故用一般过去时态，选B。 考点：if引导的条件状语从句
虚拟语气详解(自用版)
虚拟语气详解（自用版） 虚拟语气是一项语法难点，为了让学员们便于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论： 1．名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形 2．条件从句中的虚拟语气①三种基本态②倒装虚拟句③混时虚拟句④含蓄虚拟句⑤跳层虚拟句 3．其它情形中的虚拟语气（wish/would rather/It’s high time…/If only…/lest） 一．三种基本形态（1） 表虚拟的时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式 现在：did / were would (should, might, could)+do 过去：had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been) 将来：were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do 三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出） 与现在事实相反：If I had enough money, I would buy a book. 与过去事实相反：If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book. 与将来事实相反：If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book. If I should have enough money, I would buy a book. 二、倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去if，只有三种倒装形式） Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book. Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book. Should I have enough money, I would buy a book. 三、混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语） (对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟) If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now. (对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟) If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake. 四、含蓄虚拟句（在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点，但在阅读中常见） 3. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。在句型“It is important (necessar y, strange, natural等) that...” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。 It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们现在有必要出去散散步。 What would I have done without you? But for their help, I would not have finished the task. But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead.
高考英语虚拟语气知识点经典测试题及解析
高考英语虚拟语气知识点经典测试题及解析 一、选择题 1．I insisted he______ back the wallet to the lady, but he insisted he______it. A．handed; didn’t steal B．hand; hadn’t stolen C．hand; not steal D．handed; hadn’t stolen 2．Recent years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms, without which our life _____ so colorful nowadays. A．won’t be B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．can’t be 3．This winter vacation, my family are going to visit the Great Wall, but I would rather we ________ to Shanghai Disneyland. A．go B．had gone C．would go D．went 4．The requirement of the government is that the citizens not set off fireworks from January 1, 2019 on. A．shall B．should C．can D．may 5．What do you think of the proposal that improvement ____ in the type of vacuum cleaner? A．be made B．will be made C．would be made D．has to be made 6．I wish I ________ an architect because then I ________ be able to design my own house. A．am, will be B．were, would C．will be, could D．was, could 7．How I wish I ______ my mouth before I shouted at my mum! A．shut B．have shut C．had shut D．would shut 8．That was not the first time he ____ us. I think it's high time we ____ strong actions against him. A．betrayed, take B．had betrayed, took C．has betrayed, took D．has betrayed, take 9．Studies show that historical barriers on women acceptance in organizational environments, the development of the company would already be way ahead. A．were it not for B．if there being no C．hadn't it been for D．if it is not for 10．The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away. A．printed B．had been printed C．would been printed D．be printed 11．What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better. A．need have done B．must have done C．can have done D．might have done 12．If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ.
初中虚拟语气讲解及专项练习与答案(带解析)
虚拟语气讲解 语气(mood) 是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。 祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。 如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如：If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。）
高中英语虚拟语气总结知识分享
高中英语虚拟语气总 结
虚拟条件句 Q: What’s the difference between the two sentences? If I am free, I will visit you. (______条件句) If I were a bird, I would fly into the sky. (______条件句) a. 真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。 真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是“如果”的意思 条件从句主句 一般现在时 will \shall+动词原形 e.g. What will you do if it rains tomorrow? I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. The football match _______ put off if it______(rain). b. 虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。 I. 虚拟语气？ 虚拟语气就是表示与真实情况相反的一种假设、愿望或推测。 Subjunctive mood is the verb form used to express a wish; a suggestion; a command or a condition that is contrary to a fact. If I ________(be ) the girl, I________________(want )a big hug. If I ______(meet ) Obama, I________________ (shake) hands with him. 1.同现在事实相反的假设 条件从句主句 过去式(were) should/would/mould/might/+ do If I had a lot of money, I would donate some to the people in need. 2.与过去事实相反的假设 条件从句主句 had done would/should/could/might + have done e.g. If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident in May, 2009.
(英语)虚拟语气练习题含答案及解析
（英语）虚拟语气练习题含答案及解析 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1． --What would you do if you won a million yuan? -- __________. A．I shall give it to charities B．I will buy snacks C．I won’t put it in the bank D．I’d give it to medical research 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你有一百万，你会做什么？我会把它捐给医学研究。根据上文提到 What would you do if you won a million yuan 这是对现在的虚拟，所以回答时用would do ，故选D项。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．--------- Come and join us, Jim! ---------- I’m sorry I can’t . If I _______ time, I would certainly go. A．will have B．have had C．had D．had had 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。 （1）、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” （2）、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” （3）、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”： 句意：吉姆，来加入我们吧！抱歉，我不能。如果我有时间，我肯定会去的。结合语境可知下文中表示与现在相反的事实，故条件状语从句中用一般故去时态，选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气 3．You should_______ watched TV. There is so much work to do, A．not have B．have not C．not D．not having 【答案】A 【解析】
高中英语虚拟语气教案
㈠课程说明 教学目标： 虚拟语气是高考的重点，且难度较大。本次课程通过对虚拟语气知识点的复习讲解，总结概括，让学生知道虚拟语气是用来表示人的主观的愿望和假想，达到学生对知识点的熟练运用，在脑海中形成具有条理性的知识框架的目的。 教材分析： 虚拟语气是高考英语重点和难点，掌握好虚拟语气的重要性对每个参加高考的学生不言而喻。这次课程是高三第一轮复习时对虚拟语气的再次讲解和梳理，全部的知识都经过了高度的总结合概括，均是高考考点。 学生特征分析： 辅导的学生是高三年级，刻苦努力，理解能力较强，有一定的基础。基本知识掌握一般，且很多重要的知识点已经遗忘。 教学重点难点： 1、真实条件句和非真实条件句的用法。 2、虚拟语气用在主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，定语从句中 的用法。 3、情态动词+ have + done的用法。 ㈡课前准备： 教学方法： 一对一辅导，面对面答疑，培养学生对英语的理解表达和思维的
能力，同时安排适当的练习，保证学生能够当堂消化所讲内容。 教学器材： 黑板，粉笔，草稿纸，教案，给学生的资料，如果有条件可以适当运用多媒体。 时间分配： 讲课40分钟，做练习题20分钟。 ㈢课程设计： 一、导入： If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （这两个句子是什么形式？之前学过还有印象吗？通过提问问题激发学生的思考能力，再次对学生的知识掌握能力进行了解。） 二、讲解虚拟语气基本知识 Ⅰ什么是虚拟语气？ 虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义。虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 Ⅱ虚拟语气在真实条件句非真实条件句中 真实条件句：表示现实或可能变为现实的条件。 非真实条件句：表示非现实的，或不可能，或不大可能变为现实的条件。 （老师举例说明真实条件句和非真实条件句。）
高中英语虚拟语气练习题及 答案
用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意使用合适的情态动词助动词 1. If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it. (see, ask) 2. What do you think would happen if there __ _ no light during the days? (be) 3. But for your help, I couldn’t _____ the place. (find) 4. If her lawyer _____ here last Sunday, he _____ her from going. (be, prevent) 5. If it had not been for the liberation, no changes _____ place in my hometown. (take) 6. If Miss Green _____ late tomorrow, who would take her place? (come) 7. It seems as if it ____ already summer now. (be) 8. I wish I _____ him the day before yesterday. (see) 9. I made the suggestion that they _____ the plan they had made. (stick) 10. It is suggested that a study plan _____ right now. (make) 11. They required that we _____ them get in the crops. (help) 12. It was ordered that no smoking _____ in the library, which made the smokers unhappy. (allow) 13.I’d rather Tom _____ tomorrow. (come) 14.It is about time you ____ the medicine, sir. (take) 15.If there _____ no electricity in the future, our life _____ a lot. (be, change) 16. What would have happened if you her child? (not help) 17. It is strange that he so. (think) 18. I wish I my uncle yesterday. (meet) 19. Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun. (move) 20. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I to the meeting. (come) 21. Supposing the weather bad, where would they go? (be) 22. If only I to my parents’ advice! (listen) 23. I to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind. (hope) 24. His silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan. (agree) 25. Li Ling acted that way as though he a foreigner. (be)
英语虚拟语气试题经典及解析
英语虚拟语气试题经典及解析 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．If I _____ you ,I _____ them the story. A. was , tell B．were , will tell C．were ,wou ld tell D．am. would tell 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会告诉他们这个故事。本题考查虚拟语气，if 从句中用一般过去时，主句中用would +动词原形，表示与现在的事实相反。故选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气的用法。 2．--------- Come and join us, Jim! ---------- I’m sorry I can’t . If I _______ time, I would certainly go. A．will have B．have had C．had D．had had 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。 （1）、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” （2）、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” （3）、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”： 句意：吉姆，来加入我们吧！抱歉，我不能。如果我有时间，我肯定会去的。结合语境可知下文中表示与现在相反的事实，故条件状语从句中用一般故去时态，选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气 3．Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up. A．should have arrived B．should arrive C．should have had arrived D．should be arriving 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：怀特先生本来应该在8：30到会，但他却没有出现。should have done：
2020年高考英语虚拟语气语法讲解
2020年高考英语虚拟语气语法讲解 语法讲解：虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类 l. 语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2. 语气的种类（1）陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：we are not ready. 我们没准备好。what a fine day it is！多好的天气啊！（2）祈使语气：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如：open the door， please.请打开门。（3）虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： if i were you， i should study english. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。may you succeed！祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如： if it doesn't rain tomorrow， we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如： if he had seen you yesterday， he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。（事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。）在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下：从句主句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形注：主句中的should只用于i、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。 l. 表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：if my brother were here， everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。 2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：if you had taken my advice，you wouldn't （couldn't） have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会（不可能）考试不及格。 3. 表示与将来事实可