语法-关于英语数词及年月日用法

语法-关于英语数词及年月日用法
语法-关于英语数词及年月日用法

英语数词及年月日用法

概说

1.定义和特征

1)表示"多少"和"第几"的词,叫做数词(numeral)。

2)数词与不定代词相似,其用法或者相当于形容词,或者相当于名词。

2.种类

1)基数词表示"多少"的词叫做基数词(cardinal numeral),如:one (一),twenty(二十),hundred(百)等。

2)序数词表示"第几"的词叫做序数词(ordinal numeral),如:first (第

一),twentieth (第二十),hundredth(第一百)等。

基数词

100以下的基本的墓数词

1 one[wQn] 11 eleven[i5levn]

2 two[tu:] 12 twelve[twelv]

3 three[Wri:] 13 thirteen [5We:5ti:n]

4 four[fC:] 14 fourteen

5 five [faiv] 15 fifteen [5fif5ti:n]

6 six[siks] 16 sixteen

7 seven [5sevn] 17 seventeen

8 eight [eit] 18 eighteen[5ei5ti:n]

9 nine[nain] 19 nineteen

10 ten[ten] 20 twenty [5twenti]

21 twenty-one [5twenti5wQn] 60 sixty

30 thirty [5WE:ti] 70 seventy

40 forty [5fC:ti] 80 eighty

50 fifty[5fifti] 90 ninety

说明:

1)13-19皆以后缀-teen[5ti:n]结尾,它们都有两个重音。注意thirteen,fifteen,eighteen的发音和拼法。

2) 20-90第十位数的整数均以后缀-ty[ti]结尾。

3)十位数和个位数之间须用连字号"-"。如:twenty-one(二十一),fifty-five(五十五),ninety-nine(九十九)等。

100以上的基本的基数词

100 hundred [5hQndrid]

1,000 thousand [5WauzEnd]

1,000,000 million [5niljEn]百万

100,000,000 hundred million 一亿

1,000 million (=billion)十亿

499 four hundred and ninety-nine(101-999如此构成)

3,876 three thousand eight hundred and seventy-six (1001-9999皆如此构成)

57,453 fifty-seven thousand four hundred and fifty-three(10001-99999)皆如此构成)

768, 921 seven hundred sixty-eight thousand nine hundred and twenty-one

8,641, 457 eight million six hundred forty-one thousand four hundred and fifty-seven

50, 000, 000 fifty million

500, 000, 000 five hundred million

5, 000, 000, 000 five thousand million(或five billion)

50, 000, 000, 000 fifty thousand million (或fifty billion)

说明:

1)100和100以上的基数词须用hundred,thousand,million, billion等。

2)十位数与百位数之间有and。但也有不用and的情况,如850可以读作eight hundred fifty。

基数词的用法

基数词在句中可用作下列句子成分:

1)主语

Two plus nine is eleven.二加九等于十一。

Four times six is twenty-four. 四乘六得二十四。

Three of them went to college last year.他们当中去年有三人上大学了。

(如说the three of them,意思则是"他们三个人")

2)宾语

Give me two.给我两个。

3)定语

There are nineteen students in our class.我们班有十九个同学。

My uncle bought two hand tractors recently.我叔叔最近买了两台手扶拖拉机。

(注)hundred(百),thousand(千)和million(百万)作定语用时一律不用复数;作名词用(后面多跟of短语)时则用复数。如:

Our country has a population of l,200 million people.我国有十二亿人口。

There are three thousand students in the university.这所大学有三千学生。

Rice has been cultivated in the East for thousands of years.水稻在东方已经种植了几千年。

Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.玉米是全世界千百万人最主要的粮食。

4)表语

She is just fourteen.她刚十四岁。

He was already forty when he began to learn English他开始学英语时已经四十岁了。

序数词

1-99的基本的序数词

序数词缩写式汉译

first [fE:st] lst 第一

second [5sekEnd] 2nd 第二

third [We:d] 3rd 第三

fouth [fC:W] 4th 第四

fifth[fifW] 5th 第五

sixth[siksW] 6th 第六

seventh[5sevenW] 7th 第七

eighth[eitW] 8th 第八

ninth[nainW] 9th 第九

tenth[tenW] 10th 第十

eleventh 11th 第十一

twelfth[twelfW] 12th 第十二

thirteenth 13th 第十三

nineteenth 19th 第十九

twentieth [5twentiiW] 20th 第二十

fortieth 40th 第四十

fifty-first 51st 第五十一

sixty-second 62nd 第六十二

eighty-third 83rd 第八十三

ninety-fourth 94th 第九十四

说明:

1)英语序数词1-19除第一(first),第二(second),第三(third)有特殊形式外,其余均由基数词后加-th [W]构成。

2)有几个序数词加 -th 时拼法不规则,它们是:fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。

3)十位整数的序数词的构成方法是:先将十位整数基数词的词尾 -ty 中的y变成i,然后加-eth [iW]。

4)基数词"几十几"变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词,十位数不变。如twenty-one变成twenty-first。

5)序数词的缩写形式,由阿拉伯数码后加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。如:1st,2nd,3rd,4th,31st,82nd,93rd,94th等。

序数词的用法

序数词在句中可用作下列各个句子成分:

1)主语

The first is better than the second.第一个比第二个要好。

2)宾语

He was among the first to arrive.他是首批到达的。

3)定语

China exploded its first atom bomb in October 1964.中国于1964年10月爆炸了第一颗原子弹。

His father died in the Second World War.他父亲在第二次世界大战中死去。

4)表语

Jack is always the first to get to the office in the morning.杰克每天早晨总是第一个到办公室。

[注]序数词前面常用定冠词the。

分数和小数的读法

1)分数(fraction)分子为基数词,分母为序数词并有复数。

1/2 one half [hB:f]; 1/3 one-third; 2/3 two-thirds;

1/4 one-fourth或 one quarter [5kwC:tE]; 3/4 three-fourths或three quarters; 2 3/5 two and three-fifths.

2)小数(decimal)

0.5 zero [5ziErEu] point five; 1.25 one point two five; 3.458 three point four five eight.

年、月、日、时刻表示法

年、月、日表示法

1)年代年代前用in。如:

(in) 897读作 (in) eight hundred and ninety-seven

(in) 1961读作(in) nineteen sixty-one (或in nineteen hundred and sixty-one)

(in) 1905读作(in) nine teen and five

(in) 1800读作(in) eighteen hundred

2)月份月份开头第一个字母须大写,表示"在某月"时,月份前面用介词in。下面月份后附有缩写式。如:

(in) January Jan.一月 (in) April Apr.四月

(in)February Feb.二月 (in) May五月

(in) March Mar.三月 (in) June六月

(in) July七月(in) October Oct.十月

(in) August Aug.八月 (in)December Dec.十一月

(in) September Sept.九月 (in)November Nov.十二月

3)日期用序数词(前面须用the)表示;"在某日",前面用介词on。如:

(on) the first 一日 (on) the eighteenth 十八日

(on) the thirty=first 三十一日

4)某年某月某日

in September 1954 (读作in September nineteen fifty four)1954年9月

On May 17,1960(读作on May (the) seventeenth nineteen Sis-ty ),1960年5月17日

On October 1, 1949 (读作On October (the) first,nineteen forty nine)1949年10月7日

[注] the twenties,the thirties等可用来表示"几十年代"。如in the nineties of the last century(在上一世纪的九十年代)。

时刻表示法

1)英语表时刻其前用at。如:

We get up at six (或at six o'clock).我们六点起床。

They begin work at eight.他们八点开始工作。

2)如说"几点几分",则用下列方法表示:

a)表示"几点过几分",用介词past,但分数须在半小时以内(包括半小时在内)。如:

eleven past seven七点过十一分

a quarter past eight 八点一刻

half past nine九点半

b)表示"几点差几分",用介词to,但分数须在半小时以上(不包括半小时在内)。如:

two to seven七点差两分

a quarter to eight八点一刻

eighteen to nine九点差十八分

[注]读时间表如上课时间表和行车时间表时,可以直接照表上数字读。日常生活中讲时刻也可用这样的说法。如:

7:15读作seven fifteen 11:30读作eleven thirty

9:20读作nine twenty 3:53读作three fifty-three

英语量词概念和用法

?量词: 通常用来表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词,叫做量词。 例如:a bag of (rice), a piece of (news), a cup of (tea) ?量词特点: 在英语中,有很多量词词组,例如:a group of,a flock of,a bunch of,a bundle of等等. 量词词组粗略地归纳了以下的特点,具体表现为: 特点一: 英语量词词组所表示的数或量,大致可归纳为四种类型,即定量、不定量、大量和少量。 1.表示定量的量词词组,譬如: a couple of(两个、一对) a couple of days, a couple of players, a couple of times; a cupful of(一满杯) a cupful of jelly, a cupful of water; a portion of(一份/客) a portion of duck, a portion of roast beef。 2.表示不定量的量词词组,譬如: a majority of(大多数/大半)

a majority of opinions, a majority of votes; an atom of(一点) an atom of food, an atom of truth; a spell of(一阵/一段时间) a spell of fine weather, a spell of coughing。 3.表示大量的量词词组,譬如: a flood of—a flood of ink(洋洋大篇), a flood of tears(泪如泉涌); a heap of—a heap of earth(一堆泥土), a heap of customers(许多顾客); a mountain of—a mountain of debts(债台高筑),a mountain of difficulties(困难重重)。 4.表示少量的量词词组,譬如: a drop of—a drop of fever(有点热度), a drop of dew(一点露水); a particle of—a particle of feeling(一丝感情), a particle of dust(一点灰尘); a shadow of—a shadow of doubt(一点怀疑), a shadow of freedom(一点自由)。

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