高考英语动词_ing形式作主语和宾语导学案
动词-ing 形式作主语和宾语
二、v-ing作主语的用法
动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：
1. v-ing直接置于句首主语的位置上。作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。
2. 动词-ing形式作主语时常后置, 用it作形式主语，用形容词或名词作表语。常见的作表语的名词或短语有：useful, useless, no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time等。如：
It is/was no good/use doing做…是没用的
It is/was worth/w orthwhile doing 做…是值得的
It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做…不值得
It is/was a waste of time doing 做…是浪费时间的
3. “There is + no”后可以用动词-ing形式作主语，表示“没法……”，=“It is impossible to do… ”。
三、v-ing作宾语的用法
1. 某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，常见的此类动词有: admit, escape, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, risk, miss, delay(延误), practise, suggest等。
★★常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:
考虑建议盼原谅，consider, suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon
承认推迟没得想，admit, delay / put off, fancy
避免错过继续练，avoid, miss, keep /keep on, practise
否认完成停能赏，deny, finish, stop, enjoy / appreciate
不禁介意准逃亡，can’t help, min d, allow/ permit, escape
不准冒险凭想象。forbid, risk, imagine 4
2. 有些短语如:can’t stand, give up, put off, keep on, set about, succeed in, insist on, feel like, be/get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, end up, lead to, think of / about, be afraid of，be busy (in)，be fond of，be good at,be delighted in，be interested in，be proud of，be tired of，be astonished at，be surprised at，be terrified at，apologize (to sb.) for, excuse／forgive／praise／thank sb. for, prevent／stop／keep sb from, have difficulty／trouble (in)(做……有困难，有麻烦)，等后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
3. 既跟动词ing又接不定式作宾语的动词歌诀:
★★
双方一旦开始，不论喜欢与否，都得继续下去。不管记住与否，努力打算停止，后悔三个需要。
begin, start, like, prefer, hate, dislike, continue, remember, forget, try, mean, stop, regret, w ant, need, require
★意义区分：
remember/forget/regret+ to do 记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事，表该动作未曾发生
remember/forget/regret+ doing记得/忘记/后悔要做某事，表该动作已发生
mean to do 打算，意欲做... can‘t help to do 不能帮着做... mean doing 意味着... can‘t help doing 禁不住做...
go on to do 继续做另一件事 try to do 试着做某事
go on doing 继续做同一件事 try doing 试一试
stop to do 停止一件事去做另一件事
stop doing 停止做同一件事
4. need, require, want作“需要”解时, 后接动词-ing形式作宾语, 主动形式表示被动意义, 相当于to be done。
5. V-ing做真正宾语，it做形式宾语的句型
用it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是V-ing短语，其结构如下：
think useless
consider no use
主语+ find + it + no good + doing
feel like …
★注意
1. V-ing 形式的复合结构
物主代词与名词所有格与V-ing构成逻辑上的主谓关系
形容词性物主代词+doing
名词’s + doing
代词宾格+doing
名词+doing
2. 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not，带有逻辑主语时not应在动词-ing形式之前。
★补充：需要注意的问题：
以下的动词后面加动词的不定式(to do)作宾语：
decide, hope, expect, seem, agree, afford, arrange, choose, offer, plan, promise,
determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend
常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀：
三个希望两答应， hope; wish;want;agree; promise
两个要求莫拒绝, demand; ask; refuse
设法学会做决定, manage; learn; decide
不要假装在选择。 pretend; choose
想要拒绝命令， want; refuse; order
需要努力学习, need; try; learn
期望同意帮助， expect; agree; help
希望决定开始。 hope; wish; decide; begin; start
EXERCISES:
一、单项填空。
1. Bill suggested ________ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the
vacation.
A. having held
B. to hold
C. holding
D. hold
2. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ________ the answers ready
will be of great help.
A. To have had
B. Having had
C. Have
D. Having
3. — What made you so happy?
— ________ the first prize.
A. Get
B. Getting
C. Got
D. To get
4. I really appreciate ________ a great effort to help me out of the trouble.
A. you to take
B. your to take
C. your taking
D. your being taken
5. I still remember ________ to see films in the open air when I was small.
A. to take
B. taking
C. being taken
D. to be taken
6. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area ________.
A. need repairing
B. needs to repair
C. needs repairing
D. need to repair
7. — You did very well a t the meeting, Black.
— Well, I regret ________ that to the boss.
A. say
B. to say
C. said
D. having said
8. It is worth considering what makes ”convenience” foods so popular, and ________
better ones of your own.
A. introduces
B. to introduce
C. introducing
D. introduced
9. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ________ alone, but she
didn’t like it and moved back home.
A. living
B. to live
C. to be living
D. having lived
10. Isn’t it time you got down to _______ the papers?
A. mark
B. be marked
C. being marked
D. marking
11. The suggestion they all objected to ________ very effective finally.
A. proved
B. proving
C. prove
D. to prove
12.You didn’t hear us come in last night. That’s good. We tried ____ noisy.
A. to be not
B. not to be
C. not being
D. being not
13. He finished his homework, then he went on __________ a letter.
A. write
B. writing
C. with
D. to write
14. The grass has grown so tal l that it needs _________.
A. to cut
B. to be cut it
C. cutting
D. being cut
15. ---”You’ve come just in time to help us.”
---“Fine, what needs __________?”
A. I do
B. done
C. to be done
D. to do
二、用括号里所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. Making Internet friends is similar to ________ (make)pen p als.
2. In western countries, ______ ( arrive)too early for a dinner is considered bad manners.
3. When she heard that her son had been injured in the accident, she couldn’t help
_______. (cry out)
4. Every day the students spend at least three hours, I think, _________ their
homework. (do)
5. It is no good （talk）to him.
三、将下列句子改写为含有动词-ing形式的句子。
1. Her brother plays soccer. It is his hobby.
_____ _____ is her brother’s h obby.
2. We will soon be introduced to thefamous scientist. We are looking forward to it. We are looking forward to _____ _____ to the famous scientist.
3. You should read English aloud every morning. It is of great help.
_____ _____ aloud every morning is of great help.
4. He told us that his room needed to be repaired.
He told us that his room _____ _____.
5. I remember that I have seen her somewhere in the past.
I remember _____ _____ somewhere in the past.
6. I was late for class again, which made my teacher very angry.
_____ _____ _____ again made my teacher very angry.
四、根据括号内的汉语提示, 完成下列句子。
1. ________________________________ (大声朗读) in the library is a bad habit.
2. It’s no use ____________________________________ (像这样谈话).
3. In my mind, ____________________________ (进入那所著名的大学) will be the only way to become a world-class writer.
4. Mary got well-prepared for the job interview, for she couldn’t risk ________________________(做任何事情).
5. He remembered______________________________ (没有完成作业), so he got up early to do it the next morning.
动词-ing形式作主语宾语的练习答案
一、1–5CDBCC 6–10ADCAD 11-15ABDCC
二、 1. making 2. arriving 3. crying out 4. doing 5. talking
三、1. Playing soccer 2. being introduced 3. Reading English 4. needed repairing
5. seeing her
6. My being late
四、1. Reading aloud 2.talking like this 3.entering into that famous university
4. doing anything
5. to finish homework
动词ing形式作表语,定语和宾语补足语.
概念引入 The music they are playing sounds so exciting . We watched three boys sharing their food with each Our job is playing all kinds of music . The girl singing now is a classmate of mine 用法讲解 非谓语动词中的ing形式包括两种： 一种是动名词，另外一种是现在分词。 ?基本形式： 1、-ing形式作表语 1) -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后,用来泛指某种动作或行为,以说明主语的具体内容(身份、性质或情况)。 如： Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。 My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。 2) –ing用来表示主语所具有的特征， 如： His concern for his mother is most touching. 他对母亲的关爱很感人。 His words are encouraging. 他的话很鼓舞人。 2、-ing形式作定语 1). 说明被修饰名词的作用和用途， 如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 2). 说明被修饰名词的性质和程度， 如： tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐 a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果 3). 表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作， 如： 正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。 The student making the experiment is our monitor. 我们能看到冉冉升起的太阳。 We can see the rising sun. Attention 1) 单个-ing形式作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之前, -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 2) V-ing, 过去分词，不定式做定语时的区别： The student making the experiment is our monitor. They lived in a room facing the street. 正在举行的会议非常重要。 The meeting being held now is very important. 昨天举行的会议非常重要。 The meeting held yesterday is very important. 明天要举行的会议非常重要。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. 3)-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开
动词的-ing形式
动词的-ing形式 动词的ing形式包括现在分词（Present Participle）和动名词（Gerund）。具有名词、代词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语状语。 动词的-ing形式的时态和语态 时态/语态主动语态被动语态 一般式doing being done 完成式having done having been done 否定式在doing前面加not 动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语 带有逻辑主语的-ing形式称为-ing形式的复合结构。当-ing形式的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，要在-ing形式前加上物主代词或名词所有格，构成-ing形式的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，-ing形式是逻辑上的谓语。-ing形式的复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、状语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、状语从句。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. (= That she came to help encouraged all of us.) 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们。 Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. (= That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) 简这么粗心惹了不少麻烦。 What’s troubling us is their not doing away with so many cigarette ads. (What’s troubling us is that they have not done away with so many cigarette ads.) 令我们烦恼的是他们没有消除过多的香烟广告。 在口语中，如果-ing形式作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语则不行。 Would you mind my/me using your telescope? 你介意我用一下你的望远镜吗？ The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. 父亲坚决要求儿子上大学。 Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，这使她妈妈很着急。 Your (不可用You) going there will help a lot. 你去那将会有很大帮助。
动词ing形式的用法
动词ing形式的用法 一)Ving形式作定语 分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： The man standing by the window is our teacher. Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building. Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。 1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。 a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。 [注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如： The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。 2. 表示用途： the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室 a working method 工作方法 He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。 【比较】 过去分词作定语： 及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。例如： That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是鲁迅写的书。 He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。 不定式作定语： 用不定式作定语，其经常所修饰的名词、代词有：
人教版英语必修四第二单元动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
一、动词-ing形式作主语 ●动词-ing形式作主语常用来表示经常性和习惯性的动作。动词-ing形式作主语通常放在句首。例如： Listening to music is my sister’s hobby. ●动词-ing形式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，可以用it作形式主语。常用的结构： 1. It is + no use / no good / useless etc.+ v-ing 2. It is + nice / good / interesting / a waste of …etc. + v-ing 例如： It is no use crying over spilt milk. 二、动词-ing形式作宾语 ●动词-ing形式既可作动词的宾语，又可作介词的宾语。 1. 以下动词或短语只接动词-ing形式作宾语： admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, keep, mind, miss, suggest等动词; can’t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, think of, set about, dream of 等短语。 2. 在下列短语中，to是介词，后面应用动词-ing形式作宾语： be / get used to, look forward to, devote…to, pay attention to, object to等。 3. 下列动词或短语既可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区 别： ●like, love, prefer如表示经常性的行为后接动词-ing形式；如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式，但要注意：如果like, love, prefer前有would，后面则接动词不定式。如：Would you like to go shopping with me? ●下列几组词接动词-ing形式作宾语和不定式作宾语含义不同： forget doing 忘记已做过某事；forget to do 忘记要做某事 remember doing 记得做过某事；remember to do 记住要做某事 mean doing 意思是，意味着；mean to do 打算做 regret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do 遗憾要做某事 can’t help doing 禁不住做；can’t help (to) do 不能帮忙做。 ●在allow, permit, advise等动词后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语，如果这些词后面有名词或 代词作宾语，其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： We don’t allow smoking in the classroom. We don’t allow students to smoke. ●动词need, require, want作“需要”解时，其后用动词-ing的主动形式或不定式的被动形 式作宾语，这时动词-ing的主动形式表被动意义。如： Your coat wants washing. = Your coat wants to be washed. 三、动词-ing的复合结构 动词-ing的复合结构即：物主代词或名词所有格(作宾语时也可以用代词宾格或名词普通格) + 动词-ing。如： Lucy’s turning up surprised everyone present. Would you mind my / me using your mobile phone? 四、动词-ing的时态、语态以及否定形式动词-ing有一般式(doing) 和完成式(having done) 两种时态，一般式的被动语态是being done，完成式的被动语态是having been done。动词-ing 的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
只能接-ing分词作宾语的动词
只能接-ing分词作宾语的动词： 建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿； 放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成； 注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁； 允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。 如：建议：advise, suggest, 冒险：risk,献身:devote oneself to 介词用法口诀 早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。 年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。 将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。 有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。 特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。 介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。 日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚， 收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。 着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。 特定时日和“一……就”，on后常接动名词。 年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。 步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。 at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。 工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。 就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。 this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。 接年、月、季、 定冠词用法小结口诀 a.口诀 1.有水无湖：海、洋、海湾、河等，都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用the); the Red Sea,the Pacific Ocean,the Persian Gulf, the Yangtze River The Great Lakes(五大湖）；Lake Erie(伊利湖） 2.有球无星：地球，月亮用the;行星不用the: Mars,Venus; 3.有山无峰：The Huangshan Mountains(黄山）；Mount Everest(珠穆朗玛峰）；Mount(or Mt.) Tai(泰山）. 4.有独无欧（偶）：独一无二的，the earth,the moon,the sun用the; 欧洲等七大洲不用the. Europe,Africa,Asia,North America,South America,Antarctica,Oceania 5.有（足）族无球（运动）：种族用the:the Indians(印第安人)；球类运动baseball,basketball 6.有文无章：历史性的文件用the;小说等的章节不用the The Constitution(宪法）; chapter one 7.学而不专：学校放在词组的前面时用the;专有名词放在词组的前面时不用the; The University of Fudan; Fudan University [ 发表时间：8/3/2003 9:22:06 AM ] 倒装口诀 副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。 only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。
动名词作主语和宾语
动名词做主语和宾语的用法及练习 1.谓语用单数。 Climbing mountains is really fun. Swimming is my favorite sport. Reading is an art. Getting up early is a good habit. 例：1.-What do you think made Mary so upset？ -___ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B．Lost C．Losing D．Because of losing 2. 使用形式主语it，而将动名词放在句尾。 It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing … 例：It’s no good______ (wait) here. It’s no use ______(argue) with her. It’s no good _______(smoke), you’d better give it up. It’s a waste of time _______(wait) here. No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 作宾语 习惯上接动名词作宾语的动词【附记忆口诀】 其后习惯上要跟动名词作宾语的常见动词有以下词汇：, admit, appreciate, avoid, burst out, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, (can’t) help, imagine, keep (on), mind, miss, practise, prevent, put off, resist, risk, (can’t) stand, stop, suggest, unde rstand 等。如： 用法举例： He admitted having taken the money. 他承认拿了那笔钱。 It was impossible to avoid being affected. 要想不受影响是不可能的。 She burst out crying (laughing, singing). 她突然哭(笑，唱)起来。
动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
一、动词-ing形式作主语和宾语 考点一： 动词-ing形式的基本用法 动词-ing具有名词的性质，可在句中担当主语、宾语、标语、定语、宾语补足语和状语， 动词-ing形式作主语常用来表示经常性和习惯性的动作。动词-ing形式作主语通常放在句首。但不能单独做谓语。 考点二： 动词-ing做主语的用法： 1）动词-ing作主语时，往往表示习惯性、经常性的动作，在口语中也表示具体的动作。如： Paiting is his hobby. 2)动词-ing形式作主语和不定式作主语一样，也可以用it做形式主语，但不定式作主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。 如： It is no use talking without doing. 光说不做是没用的 It is so hot. what I want to do now is to have a swim in a river.天这么热，现在我想做的事情就是在河里游泳。 动词-ing形式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，可以用it作形式主语。常用的结构： 1. It is + no use / no good / useless etc.+ v-ing 2. It is + nice / good / interesting / a waste of…etc. + v-ing例如：
It is no use crying over spilt milk.事考点三： 动词-ing形式作宾语的用法 1.有些动词或动词短语常用动词-ing形式作宾语： admit,avoid,appreciate,consider,enjoy,escape,finish,keep,mind, miss, suggest等动词; can’t stand, give up, feel like, keepon, think of, set about, dream of等短语。 避免错过少延期 建议完成多练习 喜欢想象禁不住 承认否定与嫉妒 逃避冒险xxxx 忍受保持不介意 考虑欣赏还愿意 2.在下列短语中，to是介词，后面应用动词-ing形式作宾语： be / get us ed to, look forward to, devote…to, pay attention to,object to等。 3。有些句子结构省略介词in，由doing做宾语 3.下列动词或短语既可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： ●like, love, prefer如表示经常性的行为后接动词-ing形式；如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式，但要注意： 如果like, love,prefer前有would，后面则接动词不定式。如： Would you liketo go shopping with me ●下列几组词接动词-ing形式作宾语和不定式作宾语含义不同：
(完整版)动词ing做主语和宾语精解及练习
语法精讲精练：非谓语动词——动词-ing形式 王奴娇教案 动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”（gerund）和“现在分词”（present participle）两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。 -ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列 一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类 二、与动词不定式一样，动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状 语、宾语等。 A.动词-ing形式的一般式 1. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。 Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。 She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。 3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。 I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。 He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物
动名词做主语和宾语的用法及练习20140523162450
动名词做主语和宾语的用法及练习(2014-05-23 16:24:50) 1．动名词（动名词具有动词和名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语） 动名词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 Having doing Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 作主语 1. 谓语用单数。 Climbing mountains is really fun. Swimming is my favorite sport. Reading is an art. Getting up early is a good habit. 例：1.-What do you think made Mary so upset？ -___ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B．Lost C．Losing D．Because of losing 2. 使用形式主语it，而将动名词放在句尾。 It’s no use doing …
It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing … 例：It’s no good______ (wait) here. It’s no use ______(argue) with her. It’s no good _______(smoke), you’d better give it up. It’s a waste of time _______(wait) here. No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 作宾语 I enjoy listening to music. He often practices playing the piano in the evening. He has given up smoking. Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 他不喜欢喝酒。 他充分利用时间练习唱歌。 我提议坐我的车去。 你介意我开窗吗？ (1) 只能接动名词作宾语的动词： admit，
小学英语动词的ing形式
小学英语动词的ing形式 语法中有一个特别难理解的说法：“动词的ing形式”。 这个说法其实不严谨，语法里没这个术语，只有“动名词”和“现在分词”，它们的表现形式都是“动词的ing形式”。 拿love（爱）举例，该动词的“动名词”和“现在分词”形式完全一样，都是loving。另外，动词加上时态，还可以拓展为以下形式： 1）一般形式: loving 2）完成形式: having loved 3）一般形式的被动形式: being loved 4）完成形式的被动形式: having been loved 5）否定形式: 在前边加上not, 如 not loving 和 not having done 这些形式被称为“动名词短语”或者“现在分词短语”。 虽然“动名词”和“现在分词”形式相同，但它们在句子中的成分、作用完全不同。记住两个原则： 1. 动名词相当于名词，名词可以充当的成分，动名词也可以充当（比如主语、宾语、表语）。
2. 现在分词相当于形容词或副词，形容词、副词可以充当的成分，现在分词也可以充当（定语、状语、表语、补语）。 先举几个现在分词的例子： 1）I don’t know the man smoking at the gate. 我不认识大门口抽烟那个男人。 smoking at the gate 是现在分词短语，做定语，修饰the man。 2）Having managed his wealth, he became richer. 理财之后，他变得更富有了。 having managed his wealth 是一个“现在分词短语”，在句中做状语，表原因。 3) I saw the kid stealing in the bus. 我看到那个小孩在车上偷东西。 stealing in the bus 是“现在分词短语”，句中做宾语补足语 （宾语：the kid）。 再来看动名词的情况： 1）Making cakes is one of my mother’s hobbies.
动词-ing形式做句子的各种成份 (一)
动词-ing形式做句子的各种成份（一） 一、动词-ing形式做主语 1、现在分词做主语表示事物化、抽象化的概念。强调：现在分词做主语时谓 语一律用单数。 Eg: Talking is an art. Eg: Tearning English well is not easy. 2、it做形式主语的情况 It’s no good/use doing sth.做``````是没有用的 It’s useful/useless doing 做``````是有/没有用的 There is no `````````doing sth. Eg: It is no use crying after knowing the result. Eg: It is no good playing games. 二、动词-ing形式做表语 动词-ing形式做表语，一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作。 1、句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词/抽象的习惯性动作。（主语和表语 的位置可以互换） Eg: My hobby is playing games.--------Playing games is my hobby.
Eg: One of his bad habits is speaking loudly. -----------Speaking loudly is one of his bad habits. Eg: Your task is studying hard.-------------Studying hard is your task. 与现在进行时的区别： He is flying.(现在进行时，就不能转换成----------Flying is he) 2、表示主语的某种性质或状态，描述主语的特征，相当于形容词，故不能与 主语互换。 系动词：be动词、感官动词、get/become等。 Eg: This film is interesting. Eg: Today’s weather is nice. Eg: The song sounds good. (主语一般为物：moving\ surprising\promising有希望的) 三、动词-ing形式做宾语 1、作动词的宾语 某些动词后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式。 allow \ cannot help\ consider\ risk\ suggest\ forbid\ protect```(from)阻止\ admit\ advise\ allow\ avoid\ delay推迟\ enjoy\ escape逃脱\ finish\ give up\ imagine\ mind\ practise\
英语ing形式详解
什么情况下句首的动词要用ing形式什么情况下用原型 动词的-ing形式 作主语 动词的-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。 n Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 n Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.乘火车到杭州要16个小时。 n It…s nice talking with you.和你谈话很高兴。 n It…s no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。 n There is no harm in doing so. 这样做没有害处。 作表语 动词-ing可用来作表语。如：
n This food smells inviting. n My favorite sport is swimming. n Their job is cleaning the window. 作宾语 1.动词-ing形式可以用作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语。 n I warned her against driving fast. n Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 2.有些动词和动词短语后接作宾语的非限定性动词时只能是-ing分词，常见的这类动词有：admit，acknowledge，advise，appreciate，avoid，delay，deny，dislike，enjoy，excuse，escape， fancy，finish，forgive，face，endure，involve，give up，imagine，mention，mind，miss，pardon，
动词-ing形式作表语定语,宾补及状语的用法
动词-ing形式作表语定语，宾补及状语的用法 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词） The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。 3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
动名词作主语和动词不定式做主语的区别
动名词作主语和动词不定式做主语的区别？ 动词不定式与动名词的区别：）to+V放句首为动词不定式，用法与V+ing差不多，多用于 后面所说的事情还没有发生。例：To be a author is my dream. V+i ng 放句首是动名词，其 相当于名词，例：Doi ng lots of exercise is good for health. 一般来讲，to+ v.表主动，表 将来，表一次行动作。-ing表主动，表进行。动词不定式与动名词的一些用法：）不定 式与动名词都可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但用法不尽相同。 1 ?作主语一般情 况下，不定式与动名词作主语可以互换，也常常可以用it充当形式主语，而把不定式和动名词放在句子的后半部分。但二者也有区别，不定式常常指某次具体的、将要发生的行为；而动名 词则表示一般的、抽象的行为。例如：To save money now is not easy. 现在攒钱不容易。 Savi ng mo ney is a good habit. 攒钱是个好习惯。 2 .作定语不定式多为后置定语，动名词 多为前置定语；不定式多表示将来的动作，动名词只能表示事物的属性、用途等。例如：He is look ing for a room to live in. 他正在找一间房子去住。Take these sleep ing pills and you\'ll sleep better.吃了这种安眠药，你会睡得更好。3 .作宾语：有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语,不能跟动名词作宾语；有些动词后常跟动名词作宾语，不能跟不定式作宾语；有些动词后跟不定式和动名词作宾语皆可， 1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例女口： Collect ing in formation about childre n ' s health is his jc收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It ' s necessry to discuss the problem with an experieneed teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有： （1） It ' s difficult （important，necessary） for sb. to do （2）It ' s kind （good，friendly，polite， careless，rude，cruel，clever，foolish，brave） of sb. to do. 3 、常用动名词做主语的句型 有: It ' s no good （use，fun） doing. It ' s （a） waste of time one 另：1）s动o名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here .这里禁止抽烟。（抽象）It is not very good for you to smoke so much .你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climb ing mou ntai ns is interesting .爬山很有趣。（经验）Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring .在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验）（3 ）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minu tes to finish the job. I .动名词和不定式做主语的相同点 1. 不定式短语和动名词做主语时，常常为了保持句子的平衡，用it来做形式主语，如： It is not easy to learn English well. It is no use asking him for help. 2. 如果主语用了不定式，表语和宾语也要用不定式；主语用了动名词，表语和宾语也要用动名词，这在英语中称为对称性，如：
动词加ing的各种形式
1．英语动词加-ing，通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成：cough—coughing，climb—climbing，stand—standing，fight—fighting 2．以-e结尾的动词 （1）如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾，一般应去掉e再加ing：write—writing，hope—hoping，care—caring，stare—staring，plane—planing，have—having，save—saving， produce—producing， breathe—breathing （2）以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉，将i变成y然后再加-ing： die—dying，tie—tying，vie—vying，lie—lying （3）以-ee，－oe，－ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e： see—seeing，flee—fleeing，free—freeing，agree—agreeing，hoe—hoeing，dye—dyeing，eye—eyeing （4）以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing： sue—suing，imbue—imbuing，construe—construing，pursue—pursuing， rue—ruing 有时，词尾e可去掉也可保留： glue—gluing或 glueing，cue—cuing或 cueing， blue—blueing或 bluing，true—truing或trueing，clue—clueing或cluing 3．以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词 （1）如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节，最后一个字母需要重复： run—running， stop—stopping， hop—hopping， plan—planning，star—starring，control—controlling但辅音x是个例外，无需重复（x其实起着两个辅音的作用）：tax—taxing，relax—relaxing （2）如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节，最后一个字母有时也重复：kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping，program—programming或programing （3）如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节，最后一个字母大多无需重复：open—opening，offer—offering，audit—auditing但在有些动词中，重复或不重复均可：worship—worshiping或worshipping，focus—focusing或focussing，cancel—canceling或cancelling，travel—traveling或travelling 以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时，英国英语习惯于重复词尾l，而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。 4．若动词以一元音加一半元音（y或w）结尾，可直接加-ing： pay—paying，throw—throwing，follow—following，draw—drawing，employ—employing 5．以-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing：
动词ing形式作主语和宾语
动词ing 形式作主语和宾语 一、动词ing 形式作主语 1.动词ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。 Eg: Swimming is my favourate sport. 2.在It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time /fun等后需用动名词作 真正的主语。 It is no use waiting for him any longer. It is a waste of time arguing about it. 3.当句型“There is no…”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词作 主语。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no point (in)doing sth 干…….没意义。 There is no sense(in)doing sth. 干…没道理/意义 【注意】当动名词做主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格构成。 My sister’s being ill made us worried. 二、动词-ing形式作宾语 1.作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口语记住： 避免错过少延期（avoid, miss, postpone） 建议完成多练习（advice, finish, practise） 喜欢想象禁不住（enjoy, imagine, can’t help） 承认否认与嫉妒（admit, deny, envy） 逃避冒险莫原谅（escape, risk, excuse） 2.英语中有一些动词短语也常跟v-ing形式作宾语。常见的跟v-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insist on, object to, be good at, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be worth, be busy等。 He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持要按自己的方法去做。 I have never dreamed of visiting that place. 我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。 3.有些动词或词组后跟动词-ing形式或不定式都可以，但意思不同。 Stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 Stop doing sth 停止做某事 Remember doing sth 记得做了某事 Remember to do sth 记住要去做某事 Forget doing sth 忘记做了某事 Forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事 Regret doing sth 后悔做了某事 Regret to do sth 遗憾要去做某事 Mean to do sth 想要做某事 Mean doing sth意味着做某事 Try to do sth 努力/企图做某事 Try doing sth 试着做某事 4.下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。 need / want/require/deserve doing=need/want/require/deserve to be done The lake needs repairing/ to be repaired