英语语法基本句子成分和结构

英语语法基本句子成分和结构
英语语法基本句子成分和结构

第一讲英语基本句子成分和句子结构

一、英语句子成分

句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分,主要成分有主语和谓语,次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。

1. 主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:Tom is a good boy. (名词)

We often speak English in class. (代词)

One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词)

To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式)

Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词)

The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词)

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句)

It is necessary to master a foreign language. (it为形式主语,不定式为真实主语)

2. 谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

(1) 简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如:

He practices running every morning.

(2) 复合谓语:

由(情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形)构成。例如:

You may keep the book for two weeks.

He has caught a bad cold.

We are having a quick breakfast.

3. 表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, keep, remain, become, get, grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等)之后。表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语(系表结构)。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句充当。例如:

My mother is a doctor. (名词)

Is it yours? (代词)

The weather has turned cold. (形容词)

The speech is exciting. (现在分词)

The door is closed. (过去分词)

Three times seven is twenty one. (数词)

His job is to teach English. (不定式)

His hobby is playing football. (动名词)

The machine must be out of order. (介词短语)

Time is up. The class is over. (副词)

The truth is that he has never been abroad. (表语从句)

4. 宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:

They went to see an exhibition yesterday. (名词)

The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. (代词)

They helped the old with their housework yesterday. (名词化形容词)

He pretended not to see me. (不定式)

I enjoy listening to popular music. (动名词)

I think (that) he is fit for this job. (宾语从句)

宾语种类:

(1) 双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:

Lend me your dictionary, please. =Lend your dictionary to me, please.

间宾直宾直宾间宾

※可以带双宾语的动词有bring, give, show, send, pass, tell, lend, offer, buy, make, do等。

(2) 复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语),例如:

They elected him their monitor.

宾语宾语补足语

5. 宾语补足语:用以补充说明宾语,并与宾语一起构成复合宾语的句子成分,叫做宾语补足语。英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make, let, see, find, name等)或介词(如with)+宾语+宾补。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:

His father named him Dongming. (名词)

They painted their boat white. (形容词)

Let the fresh air in. (副词)

I ask him to go home now. (不定式)

We saw her entering the room. (现在分词)

He found the door locked. (过去分词)

We found everything in the lab in good order. (介词短语)

We will soon make our city what your city is now. (从句)

6. 定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下成分充当:

Guilin is a beautiful city. (形容词)

China is a developing country. (现在分词)

America is a developed country. (过去分词)

There are thirty women teachers in our school. (名词)

His maths is very good. (形容词性物主代词)

I am the last person to leave the classroom. (不定式)

The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. (动名词)

He is reading an article about how to learn German. (介词短语)

7. 状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式充当:

Light travels most quickly. (副词性词组)

He has lived in the city for ten years. (介词短语)

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. (不定式)

He is in the room making a model plane. (现在分词短语)

Wait a minute. (名词)

Once you begin, you must continue. (状语从句)

状语种类如下:

How about meeting again at six? (时间状语)

I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. (条件状语从句)

Mr. Smith lived on the third floor. (地点状语)

She put the eggs into the basket with great care. (方式状语)

She came in with a book in her hand. (伴随状语)

In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. (目的状语)

He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. (结果状语从句)

She works very hard though she is old. (让步状语从句)

I am taller than he is. (比较状语从句)

8. 同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列的另一个名词或代词,对前者加以解释或说明的句子成分。它近乎于后置定语,对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释,说明前面的词是“谁”、是“什么”等。同位语通常由名词、代词或从句等担当。例如:

Yangtze River, the longest river in China, flows through the center of the city.

(名词)

We all are students. (代词)

The fact that the transport of goods costs too much was not discussed.

(同位语从句)

Passive smoking, the breathing in of the smoke from the burning of tobacco between puffs or of the smoke exhaled by a smoker, can also cause a health risk.

(动名词)

9. 插入语:插入语是对句子的额外补充说明,是句子主体内容之外的成分,用逗号或者破折号把插入语和主体内容隔开。虽然处于句子内部,但是插入语的存在并不影响句子的结构。如果将插入语去掉,则基本句在结构上仍然是完整的。从语义上看,插入语的作用仅仅在于表明说话人对句子内容所持的态度或指出说话内容的来源、根据或评价。插入语可以是副词、动词短语、介词短语、动词不定式短语,也可以是各类从句。例如:

The box is a little bit heavy. I can manage it, though. (副词)

The long-buried past, it seems, offers hope for the future. (动词短语)

China and India, for example, are friendly neighbours. (介词短语)

It is said that the blood poison is, so to speak, a newer product from an improved formula.

(动词不定式短语)

Jack, as far as I know, is not as honest as we expected. (从句)

二、英语句子结构

1. 基本句型

(1) 主-系-表

People are clearly more curious about bad news than good ones.

Traditional methods may prove economically valuable in the future.

(2) 主-谓

Often, governments act in an even more harmful way.

This attitude altered with the realization that marginal communities can survive and adapt in spite of partial integration into a notoriously fickle world economy.

(3) 主-谓-宾

Research into United States has shown a relationship between temperature and street riots.

(4) 主-谓-宾-宾

By her hard work she won herself a place in the school team.

In return, we’ll send you a thank-you present, which you can choose from a list of high-quality items.

(5) 主-谓-宾-补

The colder water made the divers worse at simple arithmetic and other mental tasks.

Those skills will make them more valuable employees in the future.

2. 存在句型(there be句型)

There is no such a thing as an unbiased observation.

There is no doubt that the new genetic and dental evidence provides strong backing for Greenberg’s view.

注:There之后除了使用系动词之外,也可以使用come, emerge, exist, lie, live, occur, stand, be likely to be, happen to be, turn out to be, seem to be, used to be等表示状态或发生的动词。Now, however, there turned out to be more to the story.

In the 1950s and 1960s, there emerged an awareness in Western societies that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite and exhaustible.

3. 比较句型(形容词或副词的比较级+ than)

More food is now produced per head of the world’s population than at any time in history.

It is a great deal easier to motivate employees in a growing organization than a declining one.

The more effort put in and the wider the whole school involvement, the more substantial the results are likely to be.

注:

(1) 可用于修饰形容词或副词比较级的词

much, even, still, yet, far, a lot, a great deal, twice, five times, 20%, a little, a bit, rather……

(2) “最……”的其他表达法

a. 运用比较级表达最高级的概念

Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.

Julia is taller than the other girls in her class.

Julia is taller than the rest of the girls in her class.

b. 其他结构

I have never heard a better voice than yours.

(3) 倍数的表达

A 是B的三倍大。(A比B大两倍。)

A is 3 times bigger than B.

A is 3 times as big as B.

A is 3 times the size of B.

A is bigger than

B by 3 times.

4. 强调句型

(1) It is … who/that …

It is this management mechanism that has allowed the company to prosper.

It was the lack of repair work which was directly responsible for the explosion.

It was above all the French, followed closely by the Americans, who were the most passionate exporters of the new invention. (剑4,G,TA,R)

(2) 对not…until句型中的时间状语加以强调时,not也同时提前,跟在until前

It wasn’t until the 1950s that the idea of an international treaty was proposed.

(3) do/does/did + 动词原形

这种强调句型只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种,只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调,没有疑问和否定形式。do在句中要重读。

Do be careful next time.

She did tell me about her address, but I forget all about it.

Exercise

I. 确定句子成分并翻译句子

1. Fish features very largely in the diet of these islanders.

2. In fact, a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity.

3. Stories about the problems of tourism have become legion in the last few years.

4. In most parts of the world, the relation between population and resources is already unfavorable and will probably become even more unfavorable in the future.

5. This growing poverty in the midst of growing poverty constitutes a permanent menace to peace.

6. The team’s victory consolidated its chance for winning the championship.

7. His uncle found him a well-paid job in Shanghai.

8. In order to deal with all calls effectively, we offer you a number of options.

9. We will hold you responsible for all the consequences.

10. They placed their children in the custody of their neighbour.

II. 汉译英

1. 互联网是当今世界所有知识和信息的关键。

2. 近年来,政府对报纸的控制已经放松了。(loosen)

3. 所有这些因素或许可以证明巨大的收入是合理。(justify)

4. 大学授予我奖学金。

5. 我们发现他很适合做这项工作。

6. 区域外的必需品进入当地市场变得更加容易。

7. 他的薪水每年增加100美金。

8. 有争议的主要问题涉及到将来条约的期限。

9. 潮湿的空气给他的实验造成了一定的困难。

10. 他所受到的培训使他有资格做一名中文教师。

III.使用强调句型(it is…that/who…)对划线的部分加以强调

1. The divorced women will most often have to look after the children.

2. He discovered Uranus during the latter part of this.

3. The first mobile phone was not made until the following year.

4. Because of this fast-flowing water, this site was a natural place for manufacturing works.

IV. 确定句子主干

1. A great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out.

2. Between midnight and dawn, where sleep will not come and all the old wounds begin to ache, I often have a nightmare vision of future world in which there are billions of people, all numbered and registered, with not a gleam of genius anywhere, not an original mind, not a rich personality, on the whole packed glob.

3. In order to analyze the levels of participation in education and science, three factors could be considered, including the average years of schooling, the number of scientists and technicians per 1000 people, and the total amount of spending on research and development.

4. However much is known about causes and consequences at the molecular level, and in spite of an enormous accumulation of chemical and morphological data on embryos of various kinds, our

5. Although the exhibition officially charts the years 1906 to 1914, graphic display boards outlining the bills of enfranchisement of 1918 and 1928, which gave the adult female populace of Britain the vote, show what was achieved.

6. The question of whether to divert themselves of stock in companies that do business in South Africa is particularly troublesome for the nation’s 116 private Black colleges because their economic bases are often more fragile than those of most predominant White colleges.

7. When more general supervision and increased participation were provided, the employee’s feeling of responsibility to see that the work got done increased.

8. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wave lengths where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emission radiated from the earth’s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space.

9. Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1980’s, this view of childhood spread throughout society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child labor regulation and compulsory education laws, and predicted on the assumption that a child’s emotional value made child labor taboo.

英语语法大全 句子成分分析

句子成分分析 在句中起着不同语法作用的成分,叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分有九种: 1、主语(subject)表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”,是谓语的陈述对象; 通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任: The sun rises in the east. 日出东方。(名词) He hated to see any bird killed.他讨厌看到鸟儿被杀。(代词) To see is to believe.眼见为实。(动词不定式) Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(动名词) Where we shall hold the party is not decided yet.我们还没有决定在何处举行晚会。(主语从句) It’s human to want something better.精益求精是人类的特性。(不定式) 2、谓语动词(predicate verb)说明主语的动作或状态,由动词或动词短语担任: We study English.我们学习英语。(动词) The car broke down on the way.车在路上抛锚了。(动词短语) Do be quiet,children.孩子们,务必安静点。(助动词+连系动词) We are having a meeting now.我们现在正在开会。(助动词+实义动词) Soldiers must obey orders.军人必须服从命令。(情态动词+实义动词) 3、表语(predicative)说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份,与连系动词一起构成复合谓语,通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等担任: The next stop is the zoo.下一站是动物园。(名词) The game is yours.你(们)胜了。(代词) I was first! 我第一名!(数词) I feel terrible.我难受的厉害。(形容词) Is your mother in?你妈妈在家吗?(副词) I’m with you.我站在你这一边。(介词短语) Mary’s task is to set the table.玛丽的任务是摆桌子。(动词不定式) Her hobby is growing roses.她的爱好是种植玫瑰。(动名词) The situation is puzzling.形式令人迷惑不解。(现在分词) Do you feel satisfied with the arrangement?你对这安排满意吗?(过去分词) The fact is that they are cross with each other.事实是他们生彼此的气。(表语从句) That’s where you are wrong.这就是你错的地方(表语从句) He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的他了。(表语从句) 4、宾语(object)表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容,或用于介词后构成介词短语;通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任: May I have your attention ,please.请大家注意。(名词) I want a little.我要一点。(代词) I need two.我需要两个。(数词) Hope to see you soon.希望能很快见到你。(动词不定式) They risk losing everything.他们冒着失去一切的危险。(动名词) He insisted on seeing her home.他坚持送她回家。(动名词作介词的宾语) I’ll do what I can.我将尽力而为。(从句)

英语语法 句子成分分析

知识精讲 一、整体把握 成分用法说明位置 主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主 体。 陈述句中放在句首或谓语之前;疑问句或倒装句 中放在动词、助动词、情态动词之后;there be结 构中放在be之后;祈使句中常省 谓语对主语加以陈述,说明主语怎 么样或是什么。必须由动词担 任,其人称和数必须和主语一 致。 通常在主语后(疑问句、倒装句除外)。 表语与系动词连用,一起构成复合 谓语,说明主语的性质、特征、 身份、类别、状态等。 常在系动词之后。 宾语表示动作、行为的对象。一般放在及物动词或介词后。间接宾语通常放在直接宾语之前。直接宾语是人称代词,间接宾语是名词或两个宾语都是人称代词时,间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,并在间接宾语前加to或for。 定语用来修饰名词或代词,说明人 或物的状态、品质、数量及所 属等。 单个词常在被修饰的词前,短语或句子在被修饰 的词之后;副词作定语常放在被修饰的伺候;形 容词修饰不定代词放在被修饰的伺候。 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词,表 示动作发生的时间、地点、目 的、方式等。 位置比较灵活。 补语补充说明宾语或主语的成分。宾语补足语通常置于宾语之后,主语补足语通常置于主语和谓语之后。 同位语对句子中某一成分作进一步解 释、说明,与前面的被修辞成 分在语法上处于同等地位。 常常置于被说明的成分之后。有时可以放在句子 的前面(主语之前),尤其是主语为人称代词时, 为平衡句子的节奏,则把同位语放置于此代词前。 独立成分独立成分是指句子里的一个词 或词组与全局没有语法上的联 系,不属于句子的组成部分; 一般由感叹语、呼语或插入语 等担任。 可放在句首、句中或句末。 二、细讲:主语 表现形式例句

英语语法-句子成分-详解

英语语法-句子成分-详解 一个英语句子里面分为必须的成分:主语、谓语;可能有的成分:宾语、补语、修饰语(定语、状语、同位语)。 主语和宾语 主语 1)主语一般在句子开头,是句子的“陈述对象”,通常由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、相当于名词的词组或从句、引用充当。如: The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都喜欢他们的英语老师。 They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看太多电视对你的眼睛是有害的。 What we need is a good rest. 我们需要的是好好休息一下。 "I love you" is often heared on Valentine's Day.

情人节时,经常听到有人说”我爱你“。 2)形式主语与真实主语 主语是不定式短语、动名词短语或分句时,常会放在句尾,用"it"代替它原来的位置,这个"it"被称为形式主语,放在句尾的原主语为真实主语。如: It's very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。(不定式短语为真实主语,it为形式主语) It's a pity that you can't come. 你不能来真是件遗憾的事。(句子为真实主语,it为形式主语) 宾语 1)宾语是行为动作的对象,一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语,充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、名词化的形容词、动名词、动词不定式、介词短语或句子。如:I bought a ticket for Milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票。 I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。 They decided to close the border. 他们决定封闭边境。

英语语法、句式、简单句子结构(透彻分析)

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英语语法基本句子结构 课程名称:大学英语语法 学院:电子信息与电气工程学院 学生姓名:王磊 学号:201102010054 专业班级:自动化2011级(1)班 指导教师:李国云 2013年 6 月8 日

英语语法基本句子结构 语法是对现成语言中规则的归纳和总结,以便学习者更快模仿掌握一门外语。所以语法知识很重要,你不能用汉语的语法规则来造英语的句子,那样懂英语的人读不懂,同样不懂英语的语法规则也绝对读不懂英语短文。 不同词类的单词,按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫句子,一个句子由各种功能不同的部分组成,这些部分叫做句子成分。 一个句子一般由两部分组成:主语部分和谓语部分。根据各个句子成分在句子中所起得作用,可分为主语、谓语或谓语动词、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语等。 主语 全句述说的对象,常由名词、代词、名词性短语或分句充当,一般置于句首。下面依次举例: Walls have ears. Football is my favorite. Three plus four equals seven. 谓语或谓语动词 说明主语的动作或状态,主要一般又实义动词或者系动词担任,助动词和情态动词加其他动词的适当形式充当,一般置于主语之后。 They should have finished their work. The chance may never come again.

注意:英语中最基本的原则就是:一句话,只能有一个谓语动词 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语介词后也会跟宾语。可作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动名词等,不定时式也可做及物动词的宾语。下面依次举例:She refused to read that terrible book. We haven’t seen her for a long time. He needs a new dictionary. 表语 表述主语的身份、状态、特征,常由名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语或分句充当。置于联系动词之后。联系动词一般有be,become,turn,get,grow,seem.,appear,look,sound,smell,feel 等。 My father is a professor. The milk has turned sour. Everything here is dear to her. 定语 是修饰名词或代词的词,短语或从句。作定语的有名词,形容词,数词,分词机器短语,不定式及其短语,介词短语以及定语从句等。下面依次举例:

英语语法句子成分

句子成分分析 1、主语:通常由名词和代词来担任。此外,数词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句也可以用作主语。 The teacher told us an interesting story.老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。(名词)We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。(代词) Four and five is nine. 四加五等于九。(数词) Walking is good exercise.走路是很好的运动。(动词的-ing形式) To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(动词不定式) What you need is more practice.你需要的是更多的练习。(从句) 2、谓语:由动词担任。动词分为实义动词和系动词。 We read English every morning.我们每天早晨读英语。(实义动词) His brother is a doctor.他哥哥是医生。(系动词) Mr. Smith became angry.史密斯先生生气了。(系动词) 3、宾语:通常由名词和代词担任。此外,数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、宾语从句也可以用作宾语。 Have you finished the exercise?你做完练习了吗?(名词作宾语) Lei Feng always thought of others.雷锋总是想着别人。(代词作介词宾语)She tore the cloth in three. 她把布撕成三块(名词作动词的宾语;数词作介词的宾语) She doesn't allow smoking in her house.她不允许在她的房子里抽烟。(动词的-ing形式) You should continue to learn as long as you live.要活到老学到老。(不定式作宾语) I don't know when he will come.我不知道他什么时候来。(宾语从句作宾语)有些动词可以有两个宾语:直接宾语(Direct Object)与间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语通常出现在间接宾语之后。间接宾语一般是代表人的,直接宾语一般是代表事物的。 He gave the little girl a toy. =He gave a toy to the little girl. 他给这个小女孩一个玩具。 I bought Mary a new book = I bought a new book for Mary. 我给玛丽买了一本书。 4、定语:主要由形容词担任。此外,名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式(短语)、分词和定语从句等都可用作定语。 His words everyone present. 他的话使在场的人都很感动。(形容词修饰不定代词,要放在其后) This is a stone bridge. 这是一座石桥。(名词作定语) His father is omoved ur maths teacher. 他爸爸是我们的数学老师。(代词作定语) We belong to the third world. 我们属于第三世界。(数词作定语) They should have told us if there was anything up. 要是出了什么事,他们是应当告诉我们的。(副词作定语) Yesterday the scientist made a report on modern science. 这位科学家昨天给我们作了有关现代科学的报告。(介词短语作定语) Do you have anything more to say? 你还有什么要说的吗?(不定式作定

英语语法基本句子成分和结构

第一讲英语基本句子成分和句子结构 一、英语句子成分 句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分,主要成分有主语和谓语,次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。 1. 主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language. (it为形式主语,不定式为真实主语) 2. 谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: (1) 简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如: He practices running every morning. (2) 复合谓语: 由(情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形)构成。例如: You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. We are having a quick breakfast. 3. 表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, keep, remain, become, get, grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等)之后。表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语(系表结构)。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句充当。例如: My mother is a doctor. (名词) Is it yours? (代词) The weather has turned cold. (形容词) The speech is exciting. (现在分词) The door is closed. (过去分词) Three times seven is twenty one. (数词) His job is to teach English. (不定式) His hobby is playing football. (动名词) The machine must be out of order. (介词短语) Time is up. The class is over. (副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad. (表语从句) 4. 宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如: They went to see an exhibition yesterday. (名词) The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. (代词)

英语语法分析句子成分分析

I met my best friend Tom at the ststion yesterday. 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 1、主语:是一句的主体,是全句诉说的对象,常用名词、数词或代词担任(是全句谈论的中心话题)。例: (1) Students syudy.(名词) (2)We are friends.(代词) (3)To go to good university is his first goal.(不定式) (4)Doing morning exercise is good for your health.(动名词) (5)Jane is good at playing the piano. (6)She went out in a hurry. (7)Four plus four is eight. (8)To see is to believe. (9)Smoking is bad for health. (10)The young should respect the old. (11)What he has said is true. 2、谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面(主语做什么了、怎么了)。例: (1)Students study.(实意动词) (2)We are friends.(be动词) (3)We love China. (4)We have finished reading this book. (5)He can speak English.(复合谓语) (6)She seems tired. (7)I saw the flag on the top of the hill. (8)He looked after two orphans. 3、宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或代词担任,放在及物动词或代词之后(动作的对象,目标;位于及物动词之后)。宾语分为间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。例: (a)He gave me some books. 间接宾语直接宾语 (b)Please pass me the book. (c)He bought me some flowers. (1)They are teachers. (2)I play with him.

英语语法分析-句子成分分析

. I met my best friend Tom at the ststion yesterday. 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 1、主语:是一句的主体,是全句诉说的对象,常用名词、数词或代词担任(是全句谈论的中心话题)。例: (1) Students syudy.(名词) (2)We are friends.(代词) (3)To go to good university is his first goal.(不定式) (4)Doing morning exercise is good for your health.(动名词) (5)Jane is good at playing the piano. (6)She went out in a hurry. (7)Four plus four is eight. (8)To see is to believe. (9)Smoking is bad for health. (10)The young should respect the old. (11)What he has said is true. 2、谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面(主语做什么了、怎么了)。例: (1)Students study.(实意动词) (2)We are friends.(be动词) (3)We love China. (4)We have finished reading this book. (5)He can speak English.(复合谓语) (6)She seems tired. (7)I saw the flag on the top of the hill. (8)He looked after two orphans. 3、宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或代词担任,放在及物动词或代词之后(动作的对象,目标;位于及物动词之后)。宾语分为间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。例: (a)He gave me some books. 间接宾语直接宾语 (b)Please pass me the book. (c)He bought me some flowers. (1)They are teachers. (2)I play with him. (3)We love watching football games. (4)He is dong her homework now.

考研英语语法之词性句子成分基本句型#精选.

词类、句子成分、基本句型 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类。 实词:名词、动词、形容词、 副词、代词、数词 虚词:介词、冠词、连词、感叹词 (一)名词 名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 1. 普通名词是某一类人、事物、某种物质后抽象概念的名称。 2. 专有名词是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一 个字母大写。 Russia 1. 可数名词 ————— ——— 2. 不可数名词 1. 抽象名词 2. 具体名词

(二)冠词 冠词放在名词之前,帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。 不定冠词为,用在单数名词前,表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a用在以辅音开头的名词前,用在以元音开头的名词前。 a a a a 定冠词只有一个,即,表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。可用于单数或复数名词前,也可用于不可数名词前。 (三)代词 1. 人称代词:I, , , , , , 2. 物主代词:, , , , , , , , , , 3. 反身代词:, , , , , , , 4. 相互代词: , 5. 指示代词:, , , , 6. 疑问代词:, , , , 7. 关系代词:, , , , 8. 不定代词:, , , , , , a , , , (四)数词 数词是表示“数量”和“顺序”的词。前者为基数词,如, , , 等。后者为序数词,如, , , 等。

(五)形容词 形容词是用来修饰名词,表示名词属性的词。如, , , , 等。形容词可分为原级、比较级、最高级。 (六)副词 1. 普通副词:, , 2. 疑问副词:, , , 3. 连接副词:, , , 4. 关系副词:, , 副词也有比较级和最高级,构成和形容词一样。 (七)介词 介词又叫前置词,放在名词、代词或相当于名词的词前面,表示它后面的词与句子中其它成分之间的关系。 介词在句中一般不重读,也不能单独作句子成分。 1.简单介词:, , , 2.复合介词: , , , 3.二重介词: , 4.短语介词: , , , 5.分词介词:, , 介词后面的名词或代词叫做介词宾语。介词和介词宾语合称为介词短语。

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