【考研英语】2019年英语二新题型电子讲义

英语二新题型冲刺课程

多项对应题型解题步骤

1.找出5道题目中的关键词----大写字母（专有名词）：数字，句子主干信息

2.回到原文，找出题目中关键词的位置------题目顺序与文章顺序基本一致

3.阅读关键词所在句子和其之后的句子------到选项中找到对应的信息

（1）原句完全重现（保6）

（2）核心信息同词复现（保6）

（3）核心信息同义替换（争8）

（4）全句同义替换（争10）

4.对于无法确定答案位置的选项，回到文章中找出选项所在位置，判断是否在某个题目关

键词之后的部分

小标题题型解题步骤

1.判断段落主题位置

（1）段落首末句

（2）如果段落首末句为举例，则一般为段落次句

2.找出各个选项中的实词

（1）排除选项中重复出现的实词（全文主题词）

（2）实词：名词动词形容词

3.到各段落主题句中寻找是否出现了选项中的实词—完成保6

（1）完全同词复现（保6）

（2）同词不同形式复现（动词不同时态，名词单复数）（保6）

（3）同根词复现（保6）

4.选项中是否出现了段落主题句中词汇的同义词---完成争8

5.选项中是否出现了段落主题句的同义改写---完成争10

解题方法的重要性

1.同词复现

2.同义替换

3.句子改写

模拟题讲解——方法论的掌握

小标题题：

[A] What to do as a student?

[B] Various definitions of plagiarism

[C] Ideas should always be sourced

[D] Accident can be forgiven

[E] Plagiarism is equivalent to theft

[F] The consequences of plagiarism

Scholars, writers and teachers in the modern academic community have strong feelings about acknowledging the use of another person's ideas. In the English-speaking world, the term plagiarism is used to label the practice of not giving credit for the source of one's ideas. Simply stated, plagiarism is “the wrongful appropriation or purloining, and publication as one’s own of the idea,

or the expression of ideas of another.”

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The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the punishment many range from failure in a particular course to expulsion from the university. In the literary world, where writes are protected from plagiarism by international copyright laws, the penalty may range from a small fine to imprisonment and ruined career. Protection of scholars and writers, through the copyright laws and through the social pressures of the academic and literary communities, is a relatively recent concept. Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources.

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Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholar’s ideas and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire consequences may occur. There are at least three classifications of plagiarism as it is revealed in students’ inexactness in identifying sources properly. They are plagiarism by accident, by ignorance, and by intention.

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Plagiarism by accident, or oversight, sometimes is the result of the writer’s inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He may have read it long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. He may also have difficulty in deciding whether the idea is such common knowledge that no reference to the original source is needed. Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt from being severely punished.

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Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not

know how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for documentation note taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliography – are easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references. Although “there is no copyright in news, or in ideas, only in the expression of them,” the writer cannot plead i gnorance when his sources for ideas are challenged.

his laziness and dullness, copies the thoughts and languages of others and claims them for his own. He not only steals, he tries to deceive the reader into believing the ideas are original. Such words as immoral, dishonest, offensive, and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention.

The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgement. All mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to acknowledge their indebtedness to their sources. Students, as developing scholars, writers, teachers, and professional leaders, should recognize and assume the responsibility to document all sources from which language and thoughts are borrowed. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will admire the humility and honesty.

信息匹配题：

The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a looming hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years, and oil prices have more than tripled since the start

of 2004. These food-price increases combined with soaring energy costs will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine political stability, as evidenced by the protest riots that have erupted in places like Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. Practical solutions to these growing woes do exist, but we’ll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.

The crisis has its roots in four interlinked trends. The first is the chronically low productivity

of farmers in the poorest countries, caused by their inability to pay for seeds, fertilizers and irrigation. The second is the misguided policy in the U.S. and Europe of subsidizing the diversion of food crops to produce biofuels like corn-based ethanol. The third is climate change; take the recent droughts in Australia and Europe, which cut the global production of grain in 2005 and 2006. The fourth is the growing global demand for food and feed grains brought on by swelling populations and incomes. In short, rising demand has hit a limited supply, with the poor taking the hardest blow.

So, what should be done? Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert the potential for a global disaster. The first is to scale-up the dramatic success of Malawi, a famine-prone country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and high-yield seeds. Malawi’s harvest double d after just one year. An international fund based on Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or $10 billion in all. Such a fund could fight hunger as effectively as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria is

controlling those diseases.

Second, the U.S. and Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing the conversion of food into biofuels. The U.S. government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed subsidy of 51 cents per gal of ethanol to divert corn from the food and feed-grain supply. There may be a case for biofuels produced on lands that do not produce food-tree crops (like palm oil), grasses and wood products—but there’s no case for doling out subsidies to put the world’s dinner into the gas tank. Third, we urgently need to weatherproof the world’s crops as soon and as effectively as possible. For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond—which collects rain water to be used for emergency irrigation in a dry spell—can make the difference between a bountiful crop and a famine. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help poor regions climate-proof vital economic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet acted up the promise.