小学英语语法讲解-There_be句型

There be 句型

1. 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。

2. 结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.

(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.

there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。

①There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。

②There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。

③There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。

3. There be句型与have的区别：

(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”，强调存在关系；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，强调所有、拥有关系。

There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have(has)等词只能用于某一个主语后面。eg.

①He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。

②There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。

(2) 当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。

e.g. A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。

4. There be句型的时态

There be可以有现在时（there is/are）、过去时(there was/were)、将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be)；

5. There be句型的句式

变脸一：否定句

There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not 或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如：

There are some p ictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.

There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.

变脸二：一般疑问句

There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可，此为\"调整法\"。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否

定变化也一样）。看看下面两句是如何\"改头换面\"的吧：

There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?

There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?

变脸三：特殊疑问句

There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：

①对主语提问：当主语是人时，用"Who's+介词短语?"；当主语是物时，用"What's + 介词短语?"。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：

There are many things over there. →What's over there?

There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room?

②对地点状语提问：提问地点当然用"Where is / are+主语?"啦！例如：

The re is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?

There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?

③对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：

How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？

How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？

There be 句型专练

一. 根据所给汉语完成句子。

1. 桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。

There _____ a book and two pens on the desk.

2. 钱包里有些钱。

There ____ some money in the picture.

3. 在吉姆的书包里有一些卡片。

____ _____ some cards in Jim’s bag.

4. 里面还有其他的东西吗？

_____ _____ anything else in it?

5. 我们学校有许多班。

There _____ many _____ in our school.

6. 树上没有鸟。