高级英语修辞格 (1)教学提纲
高级英语修辞格(1)
1. 明喻（simile）是用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如：
（1）O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。
（2）He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。
（3）The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。
as long as it′s broad半斤八两；结果一样
as clear as crystal清如水晶
2. 暗喻/隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
（1）He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。
（2）The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。
（3）The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.
钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
英语中有许多数词习语和俚语，主要用作隐喻（也有个别用作明喻）。
(1)A hundred to one it will be a failure.这件事极可能失败。
(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。
to teach fish to swim班门弄斧
to plough the sand白费力气
a square peg in a roun d hole不适宜担任某一职务的人
between the devil and the deep sea进退两难。
3. 提喻（synecdoche）主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分；或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象；以特殊代表一般，或用一般代表特殊。例如：（1）The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.
长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。
句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”（巨大的牺牲）
（2）“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...”
……他说这是世界上最美的语言。
这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。
（3）Many eyes turned to a tall,20—year black girl on the US team.
很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。
这里的“many eyes”代替了“many persons”。
（4）He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。
（5）The farms were short of hands during the harvest season.
在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。
（6）He is the Newton of this century. 他是这个世纪的牛顿。
4. 转喻（metonymy）是用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol，用the bar 来代替the legal profession，用 crown代替 king等。。
例如：
His purse would not allow him that luxury.
他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。
（2）The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。
（3）He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。
（4）The pen is mightier than the sword.
（5）例子
Uncle Sam（山姆大叔）--the United States（美国）
Fleet Street（舰队街）--the British press（英国报界）
the Pentagon（五角大楼）--U.S Defence Department （美国国防部）
Foggy Bottom（雾谷）--U.S. State Department （美国国务院）
Hollywood（好莱坞）--American film-making industry （美国电影制片业，电影界）
10，Downing Street（唐宁街10号）--the residence and office of the British prime minister（英国首相官邸）
Ivan（伊万）--the Russian people（俄罗斯人民）
5. 拟人（personification）把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。例如：
（1）My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。
（2）This time fate was smiling to him. 这一次命运朝他微笑了。
（3）The flowers nodded to her while she passed.
当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。
（4）The wind whistled through the trees. 风穿过树丛，树叶哗哗作响。
（5）My only worry was that January would find me hunting for a job again.
我唯一担心的是，到了一月份我又得去找工作。
英语里常把“年”“月”“日”人格化，赋以生命，使人们读起来亲切生动。
6.委婉 (euphemism) 用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如：
用to fall asleep; cease thinking; pass away; go to heaven; leave us 代替 to die
用senior citizens代替old people
用 a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil
用weight watcher代替 fat people
用mental hospital 代替 madhouse或者 asylum
用emotionally disturbed代替mad
用washroom, men's / women's room代替 lavatory
用 handicapped代替 crippled
用low income brackets阶层; underprivileged; disadvantaged 代替 poor people
7. 夸张（hyperbole）这是运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。
（1）My blood froze. 我的血液都凝固了。
（2）When I told our father about this,his heart burst. 当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时，他的心几乎要迸出来。
（3）My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’s voice on the phone. 从电话里一听到我女儿的声音，我的心几乎停止跳动。
8.反语/讽刺（irony）是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效果。
（1）Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes. 啊，当然，我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。
店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客：像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢？名为“gentlemen”实则“beg gar”而已。
as welcome as a storm象欢迎暴风雨一样受欢迎（实则“不得人心”）；as slender in the middle as a cow in the waist腰细如牛（实际是“腰粗如牛”）。
as clear as mud
9. 双关语（pun）用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。（1）A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms.
一发炮弹打断了他的腿，所以他缴械投降了。
(arms可指手臂或者武器)
（2）Seven days without water make one weak (week).
七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者：七天没有水就是一周没有水。
He is not a grave man until he is a grave man.
They pray for you today and prey on you tomorrow.
10. 通感（synesthesia）是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到另一个感官的心理感受。
（1）Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. 有些书是应当尝尝滋味的，有些书是应当吞下去的，有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。
书是“尝”不出味道的，也是不能“吃”下去将其“消化”掉的。这里把读书中的精读和泛读，阅读欣赏与吸收知识的感受，用味觉功能和消化功能来表示，心理感受是如此逼真和奇特。
11. 拟声（onomatopoeia）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。
（1）On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing. 在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。
（2）She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one. 她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西，如阳光呀，丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀，昆虫的叫声呀，开门的吱嗄声呀，亲人的说话声呀。
12. 头韵法（alliteration）两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头就构成头韵。例如：
（1）proud as a peacock
blind as a bat
safe and sound
（2）Long and loudly little Lily laughed. 小莉莉长时间地、大声地笑着。
（3）The windows waved violently in the wind. 窗户在风中剧烈地摇动。
（4）The sun sank slowly. 太阳慢慢地下沉。
13. Parody（仿拟）
---“I was brought up rich.” ---“Yeah,” I said, “You were born with a Cadillac in your mouth.” [to be born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth] Where there is a will, there is a lawsuit. 有遗嘱必有官司。
Modern journalism justifies its own existence by the great Darwinian principle of the survival of the vulgarest. 【Oscar Wilde】 [the survival of the fittest]
现代的新闻工作，以“最庸俗者生存”的伟大的达尔文式的原则来为自己的存在辩护。
To Lie Or Not To Lie--- The Doctor’s Dilemma
【To be, or not to be: that is the question. Hamlet】
14. 矛盾修饰 (oxymoron) 把相互矛盾的两个词用在一起的修辞方法。它利用词义表面的相互矛盾使表层的不和谐统一在思想内容的深层，从而揭示事物对立统一的本质特征，达到加深印象的目的。例如：
（1）She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile. 她带着含泪的微笑读那封盼望已久的信。
（2）The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.教练为了对他的受训者仁慈就要对他们残酷。
（3）During his useful life he often felt he was useless. 在他大有作为的一生中他老是感到自己无用。
（4）其他还有sweet pain; thunderous silence; luxurious poverty; heavy lightness; living death; impossible hope 等等。
15. 轭式搭配 (zeugma) 把适用于某一事物的词语顺势用到另外一事物上的方法。在同一个句子里一个词可以修饰或者控制两个或更多的词，它可以使语言活泼，富有幽默感。例如：
（1）She opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy. 她对那无家可归的男孩打开了房门，也敞开了胸怀。
（2）As I left home after breakfast, I shivered inwardly as well as outwardly. 早餐之后我离开家的时候，我的里里外外都在颤抖。
（3）I would my horse had the speed of your tongue. 我希望我的马能有你的舌头的速度。
16. 移位修饰(transferred epithet) 将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词。例如：
（1）There was a short, thoughtful silence. 出现了一阵短暂的、令人沉思的寂静。
（2）The old man put a reassuring hand on my shoulder. 老人把一只令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上。
（3）He closed his busy life at the age of sixty. 在六十岁时他结束了他那忙碌的一生。
（4）This is the cheapest market in this country. 这是这个国家最便宜的市场了。
17. 渐进 (climax) 根据事物的逻辑关系，由小到大，由轻到重，由浅到深，由低到高，由少到多依次渐进地进行描述或论述。这种整齐的结构可以使人们的思想认识一层层深化提高，增强语言的感染力和说服力。例如：
（1）I came; I saw; I conquer. 我来了；我看到了；我征服。
（2）Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实；交谈使人机智；写作使人精确。
（3）Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 书有可浅尝者，有可吞咽者，更有少数须消化咀嚼者。（4）Lincoln recognized worth in the common people; he loved the common people; he fought for the common people; and he died for the common people. 林肯认识到平民大众的价值；他热爱平民大众；他为平民大众而斗争；他为平民大众而献身。
18 Anticlimax 突降
On his breast he wears his decorations , at his side a sword . on his feet a pair of boots .
The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes .
19对照法（antithesis）
antithesis——词意为opposition，即有意将意义相反的词句平行或平衡地排列起来，以表示对立概念的修辞手法。它可以深刻揭示和暴露事物间的对立和矛盾，在读者头脑里形成强烈的反差，借此突出作者要表达的意图。用对照法写出的句子，有的语言非常简练，声韵和谐，不仅是语言的享受，更具文学内涵的品位。例如：
1.Man proposes, God disposes. (谋事在人，成事在天。)
2.The old think before they do while the young think after they do.(老年人先想后做，年轻人先做后想。）
3.Success makes men proud; failure makes them wise.(成功使人自豪；失败
使人聪明。）
4.Positive thinkers think and talk continually about solutions, and negative thinkers continually talk and think about problems. Keep your mind solution-focused rather than problem-focused.（积极的思想者不懈地考虑和讨论解决方案；消极的
思想者不停地讨论和考虑疑难问题。请多加留神解决方案，少去在意疑难问
题。）
20 Rhetorical question 反问
How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note ?
Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered ?
21 Paradox 隽语
貌似矛盾其实意味深长
More haste , less speed .
The child is the father to the man从小看老,三岁看大.
22平行（Parallelism)
平行是指在一个句子或一组句子中重复使用相同的或相似的话语结构，即词、短语、从句等保持平行，使句子有平衡感、节奏感和清晰感。例如：
There is a strange cycle in my family — I am afraid of father, father is afraid of mothe r and mother is afraid of me.
23. 低调陈述 ( Understatement) 低调陈述与夸张正好相反。
“Don’t you figure out that I might have had something to do with it?” said Soapy, not without sarcasm, but friendly, as one greets good fortune. (O. Henry: The Cop and the Anthem)
“难道你看不出我可能跟这事有关吗？”苏比说，口气不是没有讥讽，但态度却友好，仿佛一个要交好运的人。此例是以双重否定体现understatement，not without sarcasm就是with sarcasm（语带讥讽）
It was no small feat to harness the energies of an entire nation for a united show of hospitality and good will for visitors from around the world.
把整个国家的能量调动起来，对来自世界各地的访问者表现出一致的好客和友好，这不是小事情。
The face wasn’t a bad one; it had what they called charm. (John Galsworthy) 面孔不算难看，有一般人所称的妩媚。此句不是冲淡她的魅力，而是采用低调渲染，意即
The face was sweet; her charm conquered everybody. 明似贬抑，实则褒扬。
24、Allusion 用的是援引典故典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语作为喻体间接提及本体的修饰手法，其特点是不注明来源和出处，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。如： Grammar may be his heel of Achilles. 语法是他的大弱点。——用希腊神话中的勇士 Achilles 的 heel【Achilles 除了脚踵处身上其他地方刀枪不入】引喻“弱点”。 * The project is an economic albatross from the start. 这个项目从一开始就是一个摆脱不了的经济难题。——Albatross 是英国诗人柯勒律治的《古舟子咏》中的信天翁，它被忘恩负义的水手杀死后，全船陷入灾难中。)
Sugar candies are wrapped in the white towel; he was kind-
hearted in spite of poverty. 羊肚子手巾包冰糖，虽然人穷好心肠。（用用陕北人头上包的 white towel 比喻 poverty，用 Sugar candies 比喻 kind-hearted）
高级英语第一册修辞手法总结
Lesson 1 1．"We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4) metaphor 2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 、metaphor 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (Para.11) simile 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed: “Get us through this mess, will Y ou?”(Para. 17) alliteration 5. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. (Para.19) personification 6. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. (Para.19) simile、onomatopoeia(拟声) 7. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. （Para. 20）transferred epithet 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished.（Para. 20）simile、personification 9. and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads.(Para.28) simile 10.household and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor Lesson 4 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2) Transferred epithet 2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3) Synecdoche 3. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century.(para14) Irony 4. '' There is some doubt about that '' Darrow snorted.(para 19) Sarcasm 5. The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.(para 20) Antithesis 6. Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie.(para 22) Alliteration; Simile 7. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breadth of his oratory as he should have. (Para 22) He appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion. (Para 23) The court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that Bryan. Snowball:grow quickly; spar: fight with words; thunder: say angrily and loudly; scorch: thoroughly defeat; duel: life and death struggle; storm of applause: loud applause by many people; the oratorical duel; spring the trump card.Metaphor
高级英语(2)修辞格汇总
Simile 1.They are like the musketeers of Dumas … their thoughts and feelings. 2.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion…ends of the earth. 3.…like clouds of flies. 4.Everything is done… like inverted capital Ls… 5.And really it was like watching a …armed men,flowing peacefully up the r oad,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite directi on,glittering like scraps of paper. 6.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. 7.Same age,… but dumb as an ox. 8.Peter lay … coat huddled like a great hairy… 9.It was like digging a tunnel. 10.I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. 11.Grandmother Macleod, her delicately featured face as rigid as a cameo… 12.… the fragrant globes hanging like miniature scarlet lanterns on the thin hairy stems. 13.At night the lake was like black glass… 14.The jukebox was booming like tuneful thunder… metaphor 1.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simpl y not a concern. 2.…did not delve intoeach other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and f eeling. 3.It was on such … suddenly the alchemy of conversation … was a focus. 4.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. 5.We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. 6.The conversation was on wings. 7.As we listen… to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. 8.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries…of common sense. 9.Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. 10.When E.M.Forster writes of -the sinister corridor of our age,we sit up at t he vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image. 11.They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years,…are gone. 12.Down the centre…a little river of urine. 13.…in the past,… by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. 14.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. 15.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. 16.… we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a
高级英语(1)修辞格汇总
一、词语修辞格 （1）simile 明喻 ①...a memory that seemed phonographic ②“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?” ③Most American remember M. T. as the father of... ④Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ⑤Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. ⑥My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake. ⑦She gasped like a bee had stung her. （2）metaphor 暗喻 ①It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,… ②Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. ③The dye-market, the pottery market and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar. A ④the last this intermezzo came to an end… ⑤…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse… ⑥After I tripped over it two or three times he told me … ⑦Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ⑧saw clearly ahead a black wall of night... ⑨main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart ⑩All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up... ?When railroads began drying up the demand... ?...the epidemic of gold and silver fever... ?Twain began digging his way to regional fame...
英语修辞格汇总(高级英语-第一册)
1. 明喻simile Simile refers to a direct comparison between two or more things, normally introduced by like or as. He has been as drunk as a fiddler’s bitch. 1. 他醉得像小提琴手的母狗。 2. 他曾喝得酊名大醉/烂醉如泥。 If We haven’t got any money, we can’t buy a television.It’s as plain as the nose on your face. 1. 如果我们没有钱，就不能买电视机。这就像脸上的鼻子一样清楚明了。 2. 没有钱我们就不能买电视机。这就像秃子头上的虱子——明摆着的事。 Mr. Smith may serve as a good secretary, for he is as close as an oyster. 史密斯先生可以当个好秘书，因为他嘴巴紧得像牦蛎. 史密斯先生可以当个好秘书，因为他守口如瓶。 I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. 2. 隐喻metaphor Metaphor is an implied comparison between two or more things achieved by identifying one with the other. That lady tries to make sheep’s eyes at her new boss. 1. 那位女士想向新老板投去绵羊之眼。 2. 那位女士想向新老板献媚。 Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers. The dye-market, the pottery-market, and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar. It is a vast ,somber cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick roof are only dimly visible. Churchill, he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon. I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial. I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping
高级英语修辞手法和各课举例
常用修辞手法： 1. 比喻 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻： 明喻(simile)：用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如： O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 暗喻(metaphor)：用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如： He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。 2. 换喻(metonymy) 用一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。如the White House 代美国政府或总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol。 His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。 3. 提喻(synecdoche) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如： He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。 4. 拟人(personification) 把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如： My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。 This time fate was smiling to him. 这一次命运朝他微笑了。 The flowers nodded to her while she passed. 当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。 5. 委婉(euphemism) 用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如： 用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us 代to die 用senior citizens代替old people 用a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil 用weight watcher代替fat people 6. 双关(pun) 用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如： A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器) 一发炮弹打断了他的腿，所以他缴械投降了。 “Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer. “Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman. 我可以试穿一下橱窗里的那件睡袍吗？ Seven days without water make one weak (week). 七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者：七天没有水就是一周没有水。 7. 反语(irony) 使用与真正意义相反的词，正话反说或者反话正说，从对立的角度运用词义来产生特殊的效果。 8. 头韵(alliteration) 两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头就构成头韵。例如： proud as a peacock
高级英语(1)修辞格汇总
一．词语修辞格 (1) simile 明喻 它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。 They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 ①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird . ―C an I have these old quilts?‖ ②Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ③My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake. ④The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools… ⑤I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish （粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）. （2）metaphor 暗喻 暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。 All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。 Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats ) 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。 ①It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的）cavern（洞穴）of a room,… ②Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ③main artery（干线）of transportation in the young nation's heart ④The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. ⑤Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）. ⑥We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air,
(完整word版)高级英语第一册修辞总结,推荐文档
Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar 1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned. e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1) 2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9) 2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”. e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1) 2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7) 3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters. e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1) 2)…make a point of protesting 4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc. e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7) a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9) 5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis. e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…(Para. 5) 2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. (Para. 5) 6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form. e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5) Unit 2 V: Figures of speech Metaphor: 暗喻 A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison. 暗喻是一种修辞，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示二者之间的相似之处。 1). And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say. 2). …I was again crushed by the thought…(Page 13, Para. 4, Line 1)
高级英语修辞总结完整版
高级英语修辞总结 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
Rhetorical Devices 一、明喻（simile） 是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如： 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 二、隐喻（metaphor） 这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 三、Allusion（暗引）
高级英语修辞手法总结(常考)
高级英语修辞手法总结(常考)
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英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
高级英语1修辞手法汇总
Rhetorical Devices simile 明喻metaphor 暗喻hyperbole 夸张metonymy 转喻synecdoche 借喻euphemism 委婉语repetition 反复rhetorical question 反问句personification 拟人antithesis 对仗parallelism 排比transferred epithet 转移修饰alliteration 押头韵 anti-climax 反高潮 1. We can batten down and ride it out. （metaphor） 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. （metaphor） 3. The group heard gun-like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated.（simile） 4. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. （simile） 5. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. （simile） 6. It seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 31 2 miles away.（personification） 7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. （simile） 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist. （simile）
高级英语修辞手法总结归纳
英语修辞手法 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力 气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
高级英语第一册修辞手法汇总
高级英语第一册修辞手法汇总
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Lesson 1 1．"We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4) metaphor 2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 、metaphor 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (Para.11) simile 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed: “Get us through this mess, will You?”(Para. 17) alliteration 5. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. (Para.19) personification 6. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. (Para.19) simile、onomatopoeia(拟声) 7. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. （Para. 20）transferred epithet 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished.（Para. 20）simile、personification 9. and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads.(Para.28) simile 10.household and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor Lesson 4 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2) Transferred epithet 2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3) Synecdoche 3. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century.(para14) Irony 4. '' There is some doubt about that '' Darrow snorted.(para 19) Sarcasm 5. The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.(para 20) Antithesis 6. Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie.(para 22) Alliteration; Simile 7. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breadth of his oratory as he should have. (Para 22) He appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion. (Para 23) The court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that Bryan. Snowball:grow quickly; spar: fight with words; thunder: say angrily and loudly; scorch: thoroughly defeat; duel: life and death struggle; storm of applause: loud applause by many people; the oratorical duel; spring the trump card.Metaphor