(完整版)过去完成时的用法总结,推荐文档

(完整版)过去完成时的用法总结,推荐文档
(完整版)过去完成时的用法总结,推荐文档

1. cleaned the blackboard

2. closed the window

——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→

had cleaned the closed the window now

blackboard

She had cleaned the blackboard before she closed the window.

After she had cleaned the blackboard , she closed the window.

1. ran out of breath

2. drank water

——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→

had run out drank water now

of breath

He had run out of breath before he drank water.

After he had run out of breath, he drank water.

1. ate an apple

2. slept

——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→

had eaten slept now

an apple

She had eaten an apple before she slept.

After she had eaten an apple , she slept.

一、过去完成时定义:

②过去某动作一直持续到现在将来可能还要延续下去。句中的动作发生在过去之前(过去的过去),即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。 He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他说他已经去过北京两次。(因为“说”said就是过去式,而去北京的动作发生在说said 的过去,所以用过完而不用现完。

可概括为:强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。

二、过去完成时结构:

⑤被动语态:主语+had(hadn't)+been+过去分词

三、过去完成时的基本用法:

(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句(在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句)来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。

例如:By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.

到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。

(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。

例如:I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.

当车来的时候,我在车站已经等了20分钟。

He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.

他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。

(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。

例如:Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.

史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。

I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.

我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。

(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。

例如:I returned the book that I had borrowed.

我已归还了我借的书。

She found the key that she had lost.

她丢失的钥匙找到了。

(5)过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动

作之前。

例如:He said that he had known her well.

他说他很熟悉她。

I thought I had sent the letter a week before.

我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。

(6)状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去

完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。

如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的

例如:When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.

我醒来时雨已停了。

She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.

她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。

注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的

先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。

例如:After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.

马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。

(7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表

示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。

例如:They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.

他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。

We had hoped to be able to come and see you .

我们本来希望能来看看你。

(8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc)

time (that)…等固定句型中。

例如:Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.

他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

他刚到就又走了。

It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.

这是他那一年第三次失业了。

四、过去完成时-语法判定:

1. 由时间状语来判定

一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:

( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:

I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.

( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:

We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:

They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。

过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:

( 1 )宾语从句中

当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如:

She said that she had seen the film before.

( 2 )状语从句中

在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如:

After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

(3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

3. 根据上、下文来判定。

I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other

since he went to Beijing.

五、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别:

现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。

比较:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。

I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。

— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。

— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)

六、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别:

虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:

1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。

比较:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.

They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.

2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。

She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.

3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before , after ,as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。

He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.

七、三种时态用法总结

1.We started to learn English 5 years ago.

一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。

5 years ago now

2. We have learned English for 5 years.

现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关。其结构为:“助动词 have(has)+过去分词”

Five years ago have learned now

3.过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去( past-in-the-past )”。

past in the past past Now

We had learned English 4 years by last year.(had learned区域)

过去完成时态用法小结

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英语三种主要完成时的用法总结及练习题

一.现在完成时的构成: have(has)+done 二.现在完成时的主要用法: I.“已完成”用法 :表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。 1)表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just,now,already,yet,not…yet等不确定的时间状语连用。 2)表示过去动作的结果,现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。 I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。(说明过去某时丢的,现在我还没找到这支笔) She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。(说明她现在仍是老师) II.“未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始,持续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today,this week(month),lately,recently,these days,in the past few days,during the last two weeks,since,since yesterday,since 2 days ago,since 1991,for a long time,for a month,so far,up to now,till(until) now等。 He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。(现在还住在这儿) III.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。 常与频度副词如often,always,every week,twice等连用。 I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。 He has always said so.他总是这么说. 三.现在完成时的时间状语 I现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 b.用ever和never.多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 d. 用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如:-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't. 今天你见过他吗?我没有。

过去完成时讲解及练习题(精讲)

过去完成时 1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构:have/has + done 4.否定形式:have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑问句:have或has提前 概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即"过去的过去(past-in-the-past )"。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成:过去完成时由"助动词had + 过去分词"构成,其中had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 :00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有: (1 )by + 过去的时间点。 如:I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. (2 )by the end of + 过去的时间点。 如:We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. (3 )before + 过去的时间点。 如:They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由"过去的过去"来判定。 过去完成时表示"过去的过去",是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:(1 )宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如: She said that she had seen the film before. (2 )状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如: When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意:before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如:Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. (3 )表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

现在完成时用法

现在完成时(1) 基本结构: 肯定句: have/has+过去分词(done)+其他 否定句:have+not/haven’t +过去分词(done) +其他 has+not/ hasn’t+过去分词(done) +其他 一般疑问句及回答:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 Yes, 主语+have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定) 一、表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的对现在造成影响的动作或结果。 I have already spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了) Guo zijun has just come. (含义:郭子君现在在这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) 过去分词 1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规 则相同。四点变化规则: (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2、不规则动词: do---did---done go---went---gone come---came---come have---had---had see---saw---seen be---was/were---been

英语中过去完成时和过去完成进行时区别用法

过去完成时和过去完成进行时 过去完成进行时(Past Perfect Progressive Tense) 过去完成式是不能单独用的。我们用的时候,必须有另一个事件。也就是说,假如我们有两件事A 和B,两件事都发生在过去,但A 发生在B 以前,A 应该用过去完成式,B 则用过去式。以下是几个例子: (1)他到台湾以前,曾学过中文。 He had studied Chinese before he came to Taiwan. (2)他念大学以前,曾前工作过。 He had worked before he decided to go to college. (3)我写这篇有关爱尔兰的小说以前,曾去过爱尔兰。 I had been to Ireland before I wrote this book about Ireland's people. (4)我在上大学以前,已经学过微积分。 I had studied calculus before I got into college. (5)周一以前,已经下过雪了。 It had already snowed before Monday. (6)警察到来之前,小偷已经跑了。 When the police arrived, the thieves had already run away. (7)到那时,他的家人已经有半年没有他的消息了。 Until then, his family hadn’t heard from him for 6 months. 如果我们要强调较早发生事件的连续性,我们可以用过去完成进行式。占去完成进行式和现在进行式惟一不同的地方是verb to have 的地方一定要用had 。以下是一些过去完成进行式的例子: 1. I had been watching TV before you called me. 2. I had been working hard in a company for many years before I went to college. 3. He had been studying before he went to class. 4. He had been driving all day before he went to sleep. 过去完成时 1)概念:表示过去的过去 ----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。 那时以前那时现在 2)用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

中考考点_过去完成时知识点汇总(全)

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过去完成时结构与用法

过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense):过去完成时表示过去某一时间之前完成的动作或发生的情况,句子谓语形式由had+动词的过去分词构成,通常表述为“过去的过去”。在不同的句子结构中有相应体现,也可跟有一定的时间状语,如by, before等介词或连词。 1. 过去完成时的结构: 肯定句:主语+had+done+others A. I had arrived. 我已经到了。 B. He had sent the letter. 他已经寄了这封信。 否定句:主语+had+not+done+others A. However,Her father had not brought her birthday presents. 然而,她的父亲没有给她买生日礼物。 疑问句:had+主语+done+others 肯定回答:YES,主语+had/否定回答:NO,主语+ hadn’t

A. Had Lisa gone to costume ball ? 丽莎已经去化妆舞会了吗? Yes,she had. 是的,她去了。 No,she hadn’t. 没有,她没去。 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+had+主语+done+others A. Why had The Castle become a memory of generation? 为什么电影城堡已经成为了一代的记忆? 被动语态:主语+had(not)been+done+others A. At the end of last year,another magic design had been completed. 在去年低,另一个神奇的设计已经完成。 B. There was still doubtful that why the film had not been chased by public. 对于这部电影为什么没有被大众所追捧依然存在些疑惑。2. 过去完成时的用法 在宾语从句中的运用:

英语计划总结之现在完成时用法小结

英语计划总结之现在完成时用法小结 现在完成时是中学生必须掌握的重要语法项目之一,也是难点之一,要想让学生灵活掌握这一要点,必须对其用法进行深析和加强实际运用. 一、现在完成时的构成 现在完成时是由“have/has+动词的过去分词”构成.其中的have/has在这里只充当助动词,故将肯定式变成否定式时直接在其后面加not,变成疑问句时直接将其提前. 二、现在完成时的含义 表示过去发生或已经完成的某个动作对现在所造成的影响或结果,重在与现在的联系.如: I have finished my homework already. He has never been to England. 2. 表示动作或状态从过去某时开始,一直持续到现在,并有可能会持续下去.如: I have lived here for ten years. I have lived here since ten years ago. 三、运用现在完成时的几个注意点 1. 熟记与现在完成时连用的时间状语.

already,yet,before, ever, never, before, recently, just, many times, until now, up till now, so far, since 2000, for ten years, in the past/last five years, these days等. 2. 注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别. 一般过去时只是单纯地表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生联系,它要和表示过去的时间状语连用.而现在完成时表示的是过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.强调的是现在的情况,它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.两种时态的侧重点不同,前者强调的是动作本身,后者则强调结果.比较: I lost my watch yesterday.(至于现在找到与否没有说明,即不跟现在发生联系) I have lost my watch…(表示现在的结果——手表未找到) 3. 当现在完成时与since,for引导的时间状语连用时,其谓语动词必须是延续性动词,如果是终止性动词,必须将其转换成延续性动词.如: I borrowed this book two days ago. I have kept this book for two days. I have kept this book since two days ago. 常见的终止性动词与延续性动词的转换有:become; come—be here; go—be there; begin—be on; open—be open; close—be close;

过去完成时的用法大全及解析

过去完成时的用法大全及解析 一、初中英语过去完成时 1.By the time I got there, the football match ________ already ________. A. has; finished B. was; finished C. had; finished D. /; finished 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:到我到达那里的时候,足球赛已经结束了。by the time通常用完成时态,根据got可知是过去完成时,故选C。 【点评】考查过去完成时。 2.— How long has the train been away? — Sorry. I don't know. By the time I got here, the train ________. A. has left B. was leaving C. had been away D. had left 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:——火车离开多久了?——很抱歉。我不知道。我到这儿的时候,火车已经离开了。由By the time I got here可知该用过去完成时,所以选C。 【点评】考查动词时态。 3.My grandparents for fifty years by the time My sister was 15. A. married B. had married C. had got married D. had been married 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意:到我妹妹十五岁的时候,我的祖父母已经结婚五十年了。根据for fifty years 五十年和be动词was,可知是表示一段时间的状语,谓语动词具有持续性,用过去完成时had been married“结婚”表状态。故选D。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时,注意通过时间状语及动词判断句子的时态。 4.By the time I locked the door, I realized I my keys at home. A. had repaired B. had changed C. had forgotten D. had left 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“到我锁门的时候,我才意识到把钥匙忘在家里了”,表示“把某物遗忘在某处”要用leave。该动作发生在realized之前,用过去完成时,故选D。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时的用法。

(完整版)过去完成时的用法总结,推荐文档

1. cleaned the blackboard 2. closed the window ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ had cleaned the closed the window now blackboard She had cleaned the blackboard before she closed the window. After she had cleaned the blackboard , she closed the window. 1. ran out of breath 2. drank water ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ had run out drank water now of breath He had run out of breath before he drank water. After he had run out of breath, he drank water. 1. ate an apple 2. slept ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ had eaten slept now an apple She had eaten an apple before she slept. After she had eaten an apple , she slept. 一、过去完成时定义: ②过去某动作一直持续到现在将来可能还要延续下去。句中的动作发生在过去之前(过去的过去),即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。 He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他说他已经去过北京两次。(因为“说”said就是过去式,而去北京的动作发生在说said 的过去,所以用过完而不用现完。

现在完成时用法大全

现在完成时态 1. 用法:①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,强调结果.常用的时间状语有many times,just,yet,ever,never,just,already,so far, by now 等。②表示动作或者状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还将持续下去。用于延续性动词,常常与so far、for或者since短语连用。since + 时间点/从句,for + 时间段,如for two months等。 2. 现在完成时的构成have has+过去分词 3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句He has finished the work. 一般疑问句Has he finished the work? 否定句He has not finished the work. 两回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t. 特殊疑问句What has he done? 4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时 1九词语 ①already 已经肯定句中或句尾: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already. ②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾例:I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet? ③ever曾经句中例:Have you ever seen pandas? ④never从不句中例:I have never been to Beijing. ⑤just刚刚句中例:I have just done my work. ⑥before以前句尾例:I have never been there before. ⑦so far到目前为止例:So far he has learnt 200 words. ⑧how long多久例:How long have you lived here? ⑨how many times多少次例:How many times has he been to Beijing? 2两词组 havegone to去了某地(没回来) 例:He has gone to Beijing (去了北京) havebeen to去过某地(回来了) 例:He has been to Beijing. (去过北京) 3两结构 for two months for +一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months. since last year since +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago. since 3 years ago since 1990 since he came here since +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here. 4如果句子里面没有时间状语,汉语意思能够加“已经”,往往用现在完成时态。例:Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗? 5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型 They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年,他们已经种了很多树。 This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。 6. 在现在完成时中,一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 例:He has bought the book for 3 years.(错) 因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种: ①He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)

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