自考英语语法资料
自考英语语法资料
选择题的题型以及考点：
1．关于by the time 用法
By the time 表示“当…的时候”
Eg. By the time the course ends, we will have learnt a lot about market money
像此类题我们通常会做成过去完成时，但这样是错误的
记住这句话：
从句用一般时，主句用将来时。
2. need 的用法
记住它有三种方法
“need”作为实义动词时，通常用法是：
人＋need ＋to do
物＋need ＋doing
物＋need ＋to be done
Eg. The recorder needs repairing. Or, The recorder needs to be repaired。
此题考法简单，通常会给出这两个答案中的一个，比如要么给出repairing 要么给出 to be repaired。题目可能会变但这三种用法不会变
3. 关于a large number of a large amount of a great deal of a
large number of a lot of plenty
of numerous much many few little
修饰名词的：a large number of 、numerous、many、 few
修饰不可数名词：a large amount of 、a great deal of、much、 little 既修饰可数和不可数：a lot of plenty of
个人认为只要知道修饰可数的和不可数的就行了，黑体字表示容易错的一定要记住。
4. see的用法，此题型经常考
see 有两种用法
such as: 1. see sb doing sth. 强调看见某人正在做某事,着重动作过程 eg, I saw him drawing by the river then.说明他正在看他画画，强调看画画的过程。
2. see sb do sth. 是看见某人做某事,着重于看见这件事的发生
eg. I saw Dr. Smith enter the operating room a moment ago.
说明他看到过Smith进了手术室了.
5. 考倒装：
考倒装的范围相当广，一般有这些词需要倒装
1. 虚拟语气的倒装
如Had I known what was going to happen, I would have never left him home alone.
2. 某些否定意义的副词、连词或词组位于句首时，通常采用倒装结构。如not, hardly,never,
rarely, nowhere, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no account, not until, not only… but also; neither… nor, hardly… when; no
sooner… than
如Not a single person does he know here.
In no way can teaching in school be separated from practice.
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted Not only do the students like the film, but also the teachers are interested in it.
Hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang.
3、当only + 状语（副词、介词、状语从句）位于句首时，必须采用倒装句形式。如：
Only in this way can you learn English well.
4、为了避免重复，用so, neither, nor表示前一句陈述的内容也适合另一
个人或物时，常用倒装句。如：
--- I like swimming in winter.
--- So do I.
5、在so…that结构中，如果为了强调so后的内容，可以把so连同其修
饰的形容词和副词一起提到句首，采用倒装句结构。如： So tired he was that he went to bed early.
举例试卷上的试题：
Never before had anyone been sent to prison for that particular crime.
Only In the deep forest could we find out such wonderful plants.
6. 时态
英语中时态是肯定要考的题型https://www.360docs.net/doc/482178063.html,/
首先我们先讲几个定义
tense & aspect: as tense points to the temporal location of an event or a state of affairs, aspect ”reflects the way in which the verb action is regarded or experienced with respect to time.”
时和体是两个不同的语法范畴。在形式上时是通过动词的曲折变化构成的，而体则是由词的组合体现的
Tense which we can divided into simple present and simple past Aspect which we can divided into progressive aspect(进行体) and perfect aspect（完成体）
再次，我们讲几种常见的时态
1．现在一般时：一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。
Eg. The earth moves around the sun.
2．现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在或当前一般时间正在进行的动作。
Eg. My sister will be here tomorrow, but at first I thought that she is coming today
“today”说明这个动作发生在现在，根据题意得出这个动作是正在进行的动作并且可能延续到明天。
3．现在完成进行时：表示前段有进行的动作，这动作仍在进行，也可能已经停止。
eg.By five o’clock this evening the spaceship has been traveling eleven times round the world.
当晚上5点的时候飞船已经绕着地球飞七圈了。
此道题就如定义说的首先飞机前面已经飞行七圈说明前段时间在动作，但飞机还有可能继续飞下去所以用现在完成进行时最正确。
类似的有：
Have you seen my dictionary anywhere? I have been looking for it since this morning.
4. 过去将来时：过去将来时表示从过去的某一来看将来要发生的或存
在的。
Eg. Betty said that she would arrive at the airport till noon.
“said”说明是过去的时态，noon说名过去将要发生的动作。
7. 过去分词作状语,此题也是常考题
此类题的破解点就在于找到正确的逻辑主语。一般有两种考法：一种是有被动的、一种是主动的
被动的：Eg.Having been shown the laboratory, we were taken to visit the workshops(车间).
根据“we were taken to visit the workshops”显而易见无论是工厂还是实验室都是被我们参观的所以这里用被动
主动的：Having heard that he had succeeded in designing a new device of laser, we came to congratulate him on his success.而在这里显而易见是主动的，因为听到有人成功的消息肯定是主动的，不可能被动。
8. 反义疑问句（tag-question）
Tag-question normally consists of a statement and a question tag.
反义疑问句通常有陈述句和一般疑问句构成。
Which can divided into 2 classification
(1) You’re listening, aren’t you?(positive statement + negative
tag)
(2) You’re not listening, are you?(negative statement + positive
tag)
我总结了一下反义疑问句出题的思路也是通常容易错的。
(1)第一种是有否定词的，如seldom,反义仍用肯定。
She seldom leaves the room in winter, does she?
(2)第二种是let’s或者是 let us
这两种反义疑问句有区别,但是无论肯定还是否定永远是这样的答案。
Let’s go out for a walk, shall we? 这种大家都会做
Let us go out for a walk, will you?
(3)第三种是有定语从句的类型（这种最容易错）
I believe that he will win, won’t he? （千万要记住这种情况）
9. worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj. 意为"值得"。
1. worth：be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示"……值得……"
be worth doing sth. "……某事值得被做"
The question is not worth discussing again and again.
2. worthy：be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"
be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"
The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again.
3. worth-while：be worth-while to do sth "值得做某事"
It is worth while doing sth
It is worth while sb to do sth.
考试题型有：I don’t think the house is worth the price.
10. 下列记住这些词的区分
a) keep up：坚持
keep up with：跟上，于。。。保持接触
keep from：禁止如keep from smoking.
b) look through: 看穿、浏览、温习
look at:：考虑
look out:留神、照料
look up:查阅如 look up dictionary
c) turn in:上床睡觉
turn up:找到、出现如：I waited half an hour for my friend, but he didn’t turn up.
turn over:反复考虑
turn out：①证明是，结果是②关掉③生产④赶走
eg. It has turned out that our nephew is the most suitable person for the job.
d) carry out: 发现
carry on:继续
eg. Life on earth Is not going to be impossible, but it will have to be carried on in far favorable circumstances.
尽管在这世上生命不可能一直存在，但是生命会在这种良好的条件下延
续下去。
carry away:使失去控制
e) ran into :遭遇 The ship ran into a heavy storm shortly after
it set off.
ran down:停止衰弱
ran over:温习
ran through:匆匆看过
11. 辨别这些意思相近的词
a) affect & effect
affect ：vt. 影响
effect ：n. 影响
如：Though the long term effect cannot be predicted, the project has been approved by the committee
区别在于词形不同
2. in case 以防
in case of 以防（跟名词短语）
in the case 在…情况下
in any case 无论如何
3. be bound to do sth. 一定要做某事
be about to…将要
be likely to do…有可能
4. valueless 无价值的（不值钱的）
priceless 无价的（贵重的）
eg. Be careful, the vase is priceless.
5. somewhere:某处
anywhere：在任何地方（用于否定句以及疑问句用来代替somewhere）
6. as a result 作为结果
result in 结果导致+名词
自考英语语法名词解释
Acronyms Acronyms is a word coined by putting together the initial letters of a group of words. Affixation A word formation approach that attaches morpheme – an affix to a base，which is a word with 1 or more affixes in it. Anaphoric reference前照应A demonstrative determiner with anaphoric reference is more likely to go with a non-restrictive relative clause Cataphoric reference 后照应A demonstrative determiner with cataphoric reference，which goes with a restrictive relative clause Collective nouns These are generally countable nouns，but even in the singular they refer to groups of people，animals or things. Compound A compound，the product of composition，and it is a lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word. Conversion The derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Coordination并列词Realized by coordinators （also termed coordinating conjunctions）which join units at the same level. Countable nouns Nouns that can take plural. Dangling participle:When the subject of participle is not expressed, it is normally to be the subject of the clause. It is usually poor grammar, and sometimes absurd, if this rule is broken: Trying to be quiet, the floor board creaked. But the rule is often broken when the subject is vaguely understood to be “one”, “we”, “you”, people in general. Determiner Words used in the premodification of noun phrase and put before any adjectives that premodify the head word of noun. Dynamic adjectives Many adjectives can also be used in the dynamic sense （be being a.）in predicative position to show subjective measurement or suggest a temporary state，implying the qualities can be controlled or restricted. （e.g. he is being rude） end-focus 尾部焦点under neutral conditions，the nucleus falls on the last element of the sequence as it is common that we process the information in a message to achieve a linear presentation form low to high information value. We refer to this as the principle of end-focus. ellipsis：省略leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute. Exclamation Express our impression，especially our surprise，excitement，amazement，etc. It doesn…t take S-V inversion.
最新专升本英语语法重点汇总
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05年4月自考英语语法试题及答案已校
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自考英语语法笔记1_第一章_绪论
第一章绪论the structure of English sentence 1.0 introduction -- The grammar unites hierarchy Higher 1.2 Words 1.2.1 Words Class
1.2.2 word formation 构词法 a. Affixation 词缀法List具体见书9-10页 英语分前缀后缀和中缀，前缀加在词根之前，改变词义不改变词类。后缀加在词根之后，改变词类不改变 b. Composition 复合法 两个或者两个以上的独立词构成一个复合词。 E.g.: manservant, snowfall, deadline, spotlight, world-famous, before-tax, whenever, whereas… c. Convention 转化法 某个单词未经添加此罪就由一个词类转化为另一个词类。 Verbs to nouns: love, answer, doubt. Adj. to verbs: daily(=daily newspaper), final(=final exam) d. Blending 拼缀法 把两个词经行裁剪，掐头去尾，然后把这两个不完整的部分拼成一个词，在某些情况下只裁剪两个词中的一个词，把一个不完整的词和一个完整的词拼成另一个词。 P+P Motel (Motor + Hotel) Smog (Smoke + Fog) Brunch (Breakfast + Lunch) W+P newscast (News + Broadcast) Workfare (Work + Welfare) P+W Medicaid (Medical + Aid) Medicare (Medical + Care) e. Back-formation 逆生法 英语中有很多-or,-er结尾的名词是由动词派生而来，但也不乏通过去掉这些名词词尾派生出来的动词。 e.g. Housekeep –Housekeeper Babysit – Babysitter
2014年全国自考英语语法试题
全国2014年4月自学考试英语语法试题 课程代码：00831 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. How many ______ are there in the word “monotonous”? A. o B. oes C. o’s D. os 2. Do you think there’s any possibility of arriving at the gym by ______ bus and sti ll having the time to play ______ basketball together? A./; / B. a; the C. the; / D./; the 3. Today, Mary learned in ______ school how to behave well at ______ table. A. the; / B./; / C. the; the D./; the 4. Listen, Diana. I don’t care if you ______ the bus this morning. But you ______ late for too many times. You’re fired. A. have missed; came B. would miss; have come C. missed; have come D. are missing; came 5. It so happened that Mary’s car ______when Jack went to borrow it. A. repaired B. was being repaired C. was repaired D. had repaired 6. The president thought it essential that the university ______ general education as a foundation for students’ future development. A. stresses B. stress C. stressed D. would stress 7. ______ it not for water, this world would be a lifeless place. A. Were B. If C. Was D. Had 8. You ______ driven 70 miles an hour. Now tell me what we shall do with this speeding ticket? A. needn’t have B. couldn’t have C. mustn’t have D. shouldn’t have 9. He admitted ______ in love with the girl, but felt too shy to even meet her. A. to fall B. fell C. falling D. fallen 10. Did you see a middle-aged man with a scar on his face ______ the street just now? A. crossed B. cross C. crossing D. has crossed
自考英语语法讲义及练习
自考英语语法讲义及练习 主讲人：胥国红 主要内容： 1．动词时态和语态 2．非谓语动词 3．虚拟语气 4．定语从句和名词性从句 1.动词的时态和语态 1．1 动词的时态和语态一览表 时态 语态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时 主动被动do are done did were done will do will be done 现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时 主动被动are doing are being done were doing were being done will be doing 现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时 主动被动have done have been done had done had been done will have done will have been done 现在完成进行时 主动 被动 have been doing 1.2 动词主要时态的意义及运用 1) 现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时 英语提示语：up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten years, by the end of this week, by the year of 1995 汉语提示语：已经，早已，了 e.g. We haven’t met each other since last year. By the end of this week, we’ll have finished the task. 2)现在完成进行时 从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。 汉语提示语：一直 e.g. The water has been running the whole night. 3) 过去完成时 a)said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。 e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train. b) hardly…when, no sooner… than e.g. No sooner had he got up than he received the call. c) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的条件状语从句中 e.g. If I had tried harder, I would have won. I wish I had done better in the exam. 历年考题中的动词时态和语态 1. Much of the carbon in the earth ___ (come) from things that once lived.
自考00831现代英语语法复习资料【考前必看】
自考现代英语语法考前必看资料 第一部分：引言 《现代英语语法》是由李基安先生编写，全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会指定的全国高等教育自学考试教材。 关于这门课程的考试要求，可参见该教程第425所附录的《英语语法自学考试大纲》。大纲是方向、目标，广大考生必须仔细了解。 英语语法是关于英语语言结构的理论知识。通过该课程的学习，学员能够比较系统地认识英语从词，句到语篇的构造，从而提高他们应用英语的规范性。 在学习该教材时，学员普遍存在两种倾向：一是，由于该教材都是用英文编写，里面又涉及很多专业术语，许多学员觉得高深、难懂；二是，有些学员认为，自己从学英语开始就在学习英语语法，没有必要在这门功课上花太多的精力，所有的语法书都大同小异，自己稍做准备就能对付过去。 其实，两种看法都失偏颇。现代语法的发展与传统语法已经存在比较明显的差异，例如：传统语法认为，英语有九种（甚至十六种）时态，该教程则采取的是‘a system of two tenses and two aspects’—-—-—-两时两体体系。另外对phrases, clauses 的概念也有不同的定义。书中提到的一些其他语言现象，如：外位[extraposition], 分隔[discontinuity], 分裂句[cleft sentence]等都是一般语法书所不提及或者阐述不同。该教材也并非高深莫测，毕竟多数语言现象还是我们日常英语学习中所耳濡目染的，只不过我们许多英语学习者没有考究过它们形成的理论根据，来龙去脉而已。 所以，为了使自己的英语更加规范，让自己能用英语更准确、有效地传递信息、表达思想，英语专业的学生还是很有必要把这门课程学好。 现在我们就结合《现代英语语法》教材，近几年英语语法专业考试试题，讲述英语语法考试中考生容易忽略的测试要点或难点。 我们先通过几道语法题来检测你现有的现代语法水平，接着探讨一下该教材的学习方法，最后把教材各章的要点、难点归纳给大家。在整个讲解过程中，我们力争多采用教材里的素材以及往年试题中的一些经典考题，以便学员在学习、归纳语法现象的同时使自己的备考收效最大化。 先测试一下自己的现代语法水平(同时了解一下英语语法考试的题型、结构；每年考试形式基本相同，有些部分稍有调整。为了节省篇幅，这里各部分只选取几个样题)
自考现代英语语法学习笔记--名词和名词短语
名词和名词短语（2） 限定词和属格 4.1 限定词 Determiner 在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指，类指以及表示数量等限定的词。 Determiners refer to the words which are used in the pre-modification of a noun phrase which typically precede any adj. that pre-modify the head word. 限定词和形容词区别 Difference between Determiner and Adjective 1.前置限定, 限定词在形容词前面.Determiner usually precede adj. in pre-modification. 2.限定词的选择受中心词影响而形容词不受。The choice of Determiner is determined by the head word but not that of adj. 3.形容词表明中心词的特征，而限定词限定中心词的意义数量。Adj. describe the head word by showing its characteristic while determiner determine the head word by identifying or quantifying. 4.形容词可位于中心词后，而限定词不可。 Adj. can post-modify the head word but not Determiner. 5.形容词有比较级而限定词没有(除few, little, many much 外) 。 Adj. has comparative form but not Determiner （except few, little, many much ）. 4.1.2 Co-occurrence of Determiners Determiner may co-occurrence in the pre-modification of a noun phrase: two or more determiner may modify one and the same head word. Each determiner takes a fixed position , we identify their relative positions in the case of co-occurrence. 定义 考点1 定义
自考英语英语语法基础材料句法
自考英语(一)英语语法基础材料： 考英语语法基础材料关于句法等相关知识 作者：林海时间：2011-10-18 15:08:26 来源：河北教育网浏览次数：16 非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。 Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用) 爬山是一项好运动。 Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用) 你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗? He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用) 他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别： 1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语) Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. 维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。 (to have a talk.... 不定式作状语) 2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Larke likes the pop music. 拉克喜欢流行音乐。 (动词用单数第三人称形式) Larke has nothing to do today.
2014年4月自考英语语法试题00831
绝密★考试结束前 全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英语语法试题 课程代码：00831 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. How many ______ are there in the word “monotonous”? A. o B. oes C. o’s D. os 2. Do you think there’s any possibility of arriving at the gym by ______ bus and still having the time to play ______ basketball together? A./; / B. a; the C. the; / D./; the 3. Today, Mary learned in ______ school how to behave well at ______ table. A. the; / B./; / C. the; the D./; the 4. Listen, Diana. I don’t care if you ______ the bus this morning. But you ______ late for too many times. You're fired. A. have missed; came B. would miss; have come C. missed; have come D. are missing; came 5. It so happened that Mary’s car ______when Jack went to borrow it. A. repaired B. was being repaired C. was repaired D. had repaired 6. The president thought it essential that the university ______ general education as a foundation for students’future development. A. stresses B. stress C. stressed D. would stress
自考英语英语语法基础材料句法
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。 Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用) 爬山是一项好运动。 Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用) 你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗? He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用) 他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别： 1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语) Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。 (to have a talk.... 不定式作状语) 2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Larke likes the pop music. 拉克喜欢流行音乐。 (动词用单数第三人称形式) Larke has nothing to do today. 拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形) 非谓语动词的特征： 1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。 Studying English is my favorite. 学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语) To help him is my duty. 帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语) 2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。 Working under such a condition is terrible.