2021定语从句 高考重难点解读

2021定语从句高考重难点解读

定语：用来修饰和限定名词或代词的成分，即形容词功能（不是句子主干，起修饰作用）常翻译为“……的”。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

?定语从句：由某一句子充当定语，修饰前面的名词或代词

?定语从句构成：先行词+关系词+从句

?先行词：定语从句修饰或限定的对象

?关系词作用：

①连接主从句

②指代先行词

③在定语从句中充当成分

?关系词：关系代词和关系副词主要关系词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, as

等

01 例句分析

1、The boywho is playing football is my classmate. 句子主干：The boy is my classmate. 主系表结构

定语从句：who is playing football 主系表结构

who在从句中作主语，指代先行词the boy(人)，即the boy is playing football

注意：定语从句和主句都是两个成分完整的句子，都有句子主干，而关系代词的作用就是补充从句所缺的主干成分，即主语和宾语

2、They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

句子主干：They rushed over to help the man

主谓结构（to help the man 作目的状语）

定语从句：whose car had broken down 主谓结构

whose在从句中作定语，指代先行词the man, 即the man's car. whose car共同构成从句主语

注意：在whose引导的定语从句中，从句句子主干是完整的，一定存在主语和谓语，而whose在从句中起限定主语的作用，与其一起构成主语。

3、I still remember the place where I met her for the first time.

句子主干：I still rememberthe place 主谓宾结构

定语从句：whereI met herfor the first time. 主谓宾结构，where 在从句中作地点状语，指代先行词the place(地

点)，即I met her in the place for the first time. （for the first time是时间状语）从句中where可以用in which 替代，原句可为：I still remember the place in which I met her for the first time.

注意：由关系副词引导的定语从句其句子主干完整，关系副词在定语从句中只充当状语成分。状语一般修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子，定语从句中的关系副词修饰的是整个从句，是对从句所述事件时间、地点、原因的修饰和补充。

4、Is this the reason why he refused our offer？

句子主干：Is this the reason 主系表结构疑问句

定语从句： why he refused our offer 主谓宾结构

why在从句中作原因状语，指代先行词the reason（原因），即 he refused our offer for the reason。for 在这里表原因，引导原因状语。why引导的定语从句可以用for which 进行转换，原句可为：

Is this the reason for which he refused our offer? 注意：why引导的定语从句先行词只有reason

以上是对定语从句构成的详细分析，小伙伴们可以仿照上面的形式对其他关系词引导的定语从句再进行进一步分析，加深对定语从句的理解。学习语法，理解至关重要哦！

02 干货记忆

1、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致，作宾语时可省略。

2、关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用.

?There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

?Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

?Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

3、非限制性定语从句

?限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，即使缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗

号隔开，

1) The house, which I bought has a lovely garden.

2) This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.

?非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰,关系词主要有两个：which和as，这时从句谓

语动词要用第三人称单数

1) He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.

2) As every knows, Tom is good at English.

4、that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句

误：The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank.

正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank. 误：Her house, that was built a hundred years ago, stood still in the earthquake.

5、关系词只用that不用which

1）先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。

This is the most interesting book that l have ever read.

2）先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。

The secondforeign country that l expect to visit is Greek.

3）先行词是不定代词时，如"all, few, little, much, anything, nothing, something"

This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.

4）先行词既有人又有物时

Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

5）先行词被“only”, “the every”, “no”, “one of”, “the right", “the same"等修饰

He is the only person that l want to talk to. 6）在以“which”、“who”、“whom” 引起的问句中，为避免重复，常用"that"

1）Who is the man that is standing there?

2）Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

7）“there be”句型中指物用that

8）先行词在主句中作表语，或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时宜用“that”

6、只用which不用that

1）当主句先行词后有介词时，用which 例：This is the one of which I'm speaking。

2）非限定性定语从句，用which

3）先行词本身是that时，用which

7、判断关系代词与关系副词

?方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用

关系代词。

?例如：

?1）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. 错

2）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 错

3）This is the mountain village (which) I

visited last year. 对

4）I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 对

?方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，应选择关系代词；

先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词。例如：1）Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago? 对2）Is this the museum where the

exhibition was held? 对

8、特殊用法：the way为先行词的定语从句

the way为先行词，其后定语从句关系词有三种选择：1）the way+that+从句

2）the way+in which+从句

3）the way+（省略that/in which)+从句

例句：

1） I like the way that he talks.

2） I likethe way in which he talks.

3） I like the way he talks.

解析：该句主干：I like the way 主谓宾结构

定语从句：that/inwhich/省略 he talks

从句为主谓结构，talk在这里为不及物动词，表“谈论、说话”。that指代先行词the way，在从句中作方式状语，即he talks in this way。in which引导的从句中，which指代先行词the way，是介词in的宾语，in which共同作从句的方式状语。

9、"as"的用法：引导限制性定语从句

?常用句式:

as is said above 综上所述

as is known to all众所周知

as is often the case 通常如此

as is reported in the newspaper

?"such....as"

1）He is not such a fool as he looks.

2）I have never heard such a story as he tells.

?"the same ....as"This is the same book as I lost last week.

区分："the same...as"与"the same....that"

两者都引导定语从句。that从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一个。as从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个，举例：

①This is the same pen that I lost.

这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。

②This is the same pen as I lost.

这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。

?"as...as"As many children as came were given some cakes.