2015-2016新版沪版初中牛津初中英语八年级下册Unit3知识点语法精讲精练Word版

Unit 3 Traditional skills

常考短语：

1.paper cutting 剪纸

2.set off 动身，出发

3.after dark 天黑后，黄昏后

4.all the time 一直，始终

5.up to 到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有

6.up and down 起伏，上下波动

7.no more 不再，再也不

8.tie...around 拴……在……周围

9.cut out 剪成

10.in the shape of 以……的形状

11.put on 穿上；上演

12.close to 靠近

13.put up 张贴

14.a piece of 一片，一条

15.after dark 天黑后

要点全解：

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4f14652740.html,ed to do sth 过去常常做某事

be used to do sth 被用来做某事

be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事

2.fit 形容词－健康的；动词－合适。

3.set off=set out 出发，动身

4.be ready for sth 准备好的； be ready to do sth 准备做某事

5.stop ... from doing sth 阻止……做某事

6.reach=get to=arrive at/in 到达

7.attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力

8.throw ... into 把……扔进

throw ...away 扔掉

throw...at 向……扔去

9.make a mistake 犯错误，by mistake 错误地，mistake A for B 把A错认为B

10.bring up 抚养，教育，培养

11.keep (sb./sth.)+adj. 使……保持……

keep (sb./sth.) doing 使……不停地做某事

12.be in good/bad health 健康状况好（不好）

healthy 健康的

13.voice 嗓音，常指人的嗓音、说话声及鸟的鸣叫声。

noise 杂声，常指不悦耳的喧闹声。

sound 声音，泛指人耳能听到的自然界中的各种声音，不论高低，是否悦耳。She has a sweet voice.

There’s too much noise here.

Can you hear strange sounds from the next room?

14.be made of 由……制成，可以看得出原材料。

be made from 由……制成，看不出原材料。

be made up of 由……组成/构成，表示某物由若干部分构成。

The doll is made up of four parts.

语法——被动语态。

（1）英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)

A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)

汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。

（2）主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况。

若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如：

The teacher made me go out of the classroom.

I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).

（3）主动形式表示被动意义。

如 wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell 等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如：The food tastes good. (4)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。列表如下：一般现在时：am / is / are + done

一般过去时：was / were + done

一般将来时：shall / will + be done

一般过去将来时：should / would + be done

现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done

过去进行时：was / were + being + done

现在完成时：have / has + been + done

过去完成时：had + been + done

练习：

1.Great changes ______ place. Many new schools______.

A.have taken, have been opened

B.take, are open

C.are taken, open

D.have been taken, are opened

2. The building ____ in 1999.

A. built

B. is built

C. was built

D. build

3. When _____the accident _____？

A. was, happen

B. did. happen

C. is, happen

D. was, happened

4.The children ___ by the nurse in the kindergarten now.

A. were looked

B. are being looked after

C. were looked after

D. are looking after

5. Our classroom must ____ clean

A. keep

B. be kept

C. to keep

D. to be kept

6. Chinese ___ by the largest number of people in the world.

A. speaks

B. is speaking

C. are speaking

D. is spoken

8. The bottle on the table ____ cool water.

A. is covered with

B. is made of

C. is full of

D. is changed into

9. I ___ to bring my book to school yesterday.

A. told

B. was told

C. was telling

D. had been told

10. My clock ____. Can you mend it for, ？

A. doesn’t use

B. isn’t worked

C. doesn’t walk

D. doesn't work

11. The flowers _____ well if they _____.

A. won’t grow, don't take good care of

B. don't grow, are taken good care of

C. don't grow, don't take good care of

D. won’t grow, are not taken good care of

12. We’re glad that another Shenzhen underground ____ very soon.

A. will complete

B. will be completed

C. has completed

D. has been completed

13. The work ______soon.

A. will be finished

B. finishes

C. has finished

D. will finish

14. Trees ______ green in spring.

A.turn

B. are turned

C. would turn

D. is turning

15. Some flowers ____ by Kate already.

A. have been watered

B. watered

C. have watered

D. has been watered

Unit 3 Traditional skills

一、要点概括

二、hang on 用作电话用语（其后可接a minute, a moment, a while之类的词），意为：等一下；别放下电话；别挂断。

1.reach 除了“到达”外，还有“伸手去够或拿”的意思。如：

Some oranges are hard to reach.

The girl was short so she couldn’t reach the cup on the table.

【区别】get, reach和arrive

?get是不及物动词，常和to连用。但当“到达”的地点是home或副词（here, there）时，to需要省略。如：When did you get there last night?

I get home at 7:00 pm every day.

? arrive为不及物动词，后须加上介词in/ at才能连接表示地点的名词。

表示到达大城市或国家时要用arrive in，而到达乡村、车站等小地方则用arrive at。如：We arrived in London last week.

The doctor arrived at the village at last.

? reach为及物动词，其后既可以跟名词也可跟副词。如：

I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.

We reached here on foot.

一、单词拼写。

1.The English teachers r________ the students to listen carefully.

2.Let’s h__________ the picture on the wall.

3.When he r________ Guangzhou, it was almost 11 pm.

4.The books over there are on science. Waht about the r________.

5.Eating much vegetable is good for you to keep f_________.

二、完成句子。

1.男孩家离学校很远，所以他不得不每天一大早就出发。

The boy lives far from the school, so he has to _______ _________ in early morning every day.

2.天黑后，人们离开办公室回家。

_________ __________, people leave office and go home.

3.只要你不再吸烟，你可以更健康并活得更久。

You can be healthier and live longer, if you just smoke ________ ________.

4.办公室小弟每天都很忙，我们经常都看到他上上下下来回地跑。

The office boy is very busy every day, we often see hime run ________ _________ _________.

三、句子翻译

1.她又高又瘦。她有着一头黑色长发。她戴着眼镜。

______________________________________________________________

2. 他非常年轻，又爱又胖，留着一头棕色的短发。

_____________________________________________________________

3. 剪刀和纸被用于剪纸工艺。

_____________________________________________________________

【教材典句】

1.No nets are required for this type of fishing.

2.Cormorant fishing was once practised in lots of places in South-East China.

3.A music show will be held in the school hall at 4 p.m on Tuesday, 4 May.【语法全解】

英语的语态有主动和被动两种：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

1.基本构成

被动语态的基本构成形式为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”。助动词be有人称、数和时态变化。

Football is played all over the world.

Is it made of bamboo?

2.基本变法

（1）将主动语态句中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中介词by的宾语。

（2）将主动语态句中的谓语动词变成“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”形式，但时态不改变。

（3）助动词be要与新的主语保持单、复数的一致；若主语和宾语时人称代词时，“格”应该作相应的变化。

如： The workers make machines in this factory.

Machines are made by the workers in this factory.

3.省去by短语的几个条件

（1）不知道、没必要或不想说出动作执行者时。

Rice is grown well there.

（2）强调说明动作的承受者。

I was sent to teach them English.

（3）汉语中有“据说，大家说”等时。

It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house.

4.各时态的被动语态

（1）一般现在时的被动语态

构成：am/ is/ are +过去分词

I am often given gifts by Tom.

The things on show are all made in China.

Is the room cleaned every day?

（2）一般过去时的被动语态

构成：was/ were+ 过去分词

Jim was asked to go there.

The heavy snow stopped the visitors from leaving the top of the mountain.

=The visitors were stopped from leaving the top of the mountain by the heavy snow.

（3）一般将来时的被动语态

构成：wii be+ 过去分词或am/ is/ are going to + be+ 过分分词

Lots of trees will be planted on the hill next year.

The children won’t be allowed to go out at night.

Is the bridge going to be built by the workers next year? 特殊情况：复合宾语的被动语态

感官动词和使役动词在主动语态句中，其后的动词不定式不带to，但变被动句时必须加上to。

The boss made her work for 10 hours a day.

She was made to work for 10 hours a day.

【语法练习】

1.--Excuse me. I’m looking for be the best of yourself.

--Sorry. The book you ask for ______ out.

A. is selling

B. is sold

C. was selling

D. will be sold

2.Each year quite a lot of food ______ around the world. It’s really time for us to do something.

A. was wasted

B. is wasted

C. wasted

D. will be wasted

3.Flowers ______ along the road last year.

A. plant

B. planted

C. are planted

D. were planted

4.It is said that a new museum ________ in our city next year.

A. builds

B. is building

C. was built

D. will be built

5.--Does she like singing English songs?

--Yes. She _______ to sing English songs in her room.

A. often does

B. is often heard

C. often hears

D. often heard

简短说话

1.假设你是表中的“我”，请根据下表的提示讲述你的经历，并根据表格中提供

的情景谈论你的感受。

时间：April 28

事情经过：我感冒发烧，去医院看病，遇到了英语老师，

她叫我在家里休息，还说会来我家、叫同学来我家帮我学习。

感受：？？？

选择正确的答案

1.--Do you often clean your classroom?

--Yes. Our classroom ______ every day.

A. clean

B. cleans

C. is cleaned

D. is cleaning

2.A talk on developments in science and technology ______ in the school

hall next week.

A. given

B. will be given

C. was given

D. is given

3.--Did you go to Jack’s birthday party?

--No, I ________.

A. are not invited

B. wasn’t invited

C. haven’t invited

D. didn’t invite

4.--Mum, can I go to the zoo with Jack?

--When your homework ______, you can.

A. is done

B. was done

C. will be done

D. has done

5.An accident _______ on this road last week.

A. has been happened

B. was happened

C. is happened

D. happeded

6.She ______ from China to America by plane last week.

A. set up

B. set off

C. set for

D. set of

7.It’s a hard work. I enjoy it ________.

A. though

B. although

C. however

D. so

8.If a law or rule requires you _______ something, you have to do it.

A. do

B. to do

C. to step

D. stepping

9.Are you ready ______ into Harry Potter’s world again?

A. step

B. for step

C. to step

D. stepping

10.The Chinese medical workers helped the Arab woman ______ every day.

A. practise walking

B. to practise to walk

C. practise to walk

D. practising walking

重要单词，词组讲解

1. mean的用法

What do you mean to do with it? I didn’t mean to hurt you.

1）mean to do意欲做

This means staying here longer.

Missing the train means waiting for another hour.

2）mean doing意味着做

He is not meant for a teacher and will always be unhappy in the school. Be meant for 适合做

他说他不适合读书因为懒。

He says he _________________ a student for his laziness.

这次考试失败意味着要再考一次。

Failing this exam ___________________ another one.

我并不是故意迟到的。

I didn’t ____________ be late for school.

2. celebrate vt.

(1) 庆祝；祝贺

celebrate Christmas / on e’s birthday / a victory (成功)

(2) 赞扬；称颂

The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets.

词语辨析：celebrate, congratulate

celebrate后常接日期,事情或场合

congratulate后常接人

表示为某事而祝贺某人congratulate sb. on/upon sth.

ex：congratulate you on your marriage.

有时还表示私自庆幸的意思。

ex：I congratulated myself on my escape from being punished.

3. 英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物，不用于被动语态。主语为所发生的事。

词语辨析：take place, happen, occur, come about, break out的比较

1）The wedding will take place tomorrow.

2）In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.

take place发生,举行; 侧重安排或计划而发生的事,带有“非偶然”的意思

3) What has happened to her？碰巧，恰好

happen “发生”，普通用词，含义很广。常指具体客观事物或情况的发生，含有“偶然”的意味。

当以具体事物、事件作主语时，happen 和 occur可以换用；但当happen用作“碰巧”之意时，不能用occur代替，但可以与come about 互换。

4) It happened to rain that day.

5) The traffic accident occurred on Wednesday.

occur “发生，出现”,较正式用词，指事情偶然地、意外地发生或思想突然浮在心头。occur to 有“想起”的意思。

6) The Second World War broke out in 1939.

break out (火灾、战争、疾病)突然发生、爆发

7) How does it come about that you were caught by the police?

come about “发生”, 往往注重事情发生的原因。且很多时候与how 连用。与happen 用法较接近

用take place , happen 和 come about 的正确形式填空

1.The May 4th Movement _____________ in 1919.

2. If anything ___________ to the machine, let me know at once.

3. The opening day of the play ___________ tomorrow night.

4. Can you tell me how it ___________?

4. starve: vt.使饿死vi.饿得要死starve to death

be starved of/ starve for: 渴望

她很寂寞，渴望友谊：She is lonely, starving for friendship.

The motherless children were starved of/ were starving for affection. 渴望母爱

他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死。

他们正急需一大笔钱来完成工作。

They got lost in the desert and ____________________.

They are _____________ a sum of money to finish their work.

n. starvation

饿死：die of ____________

5. a year/ day of plenty 富裕/丰收的年月

days/ years of plenty

——Have we got enough apples?

——Yes, there are plenty in the basket.

plenty of +复数n/ 不可数n

plenty of eggs/ food/milk… 足够的…

6. honour (英) /honor (美)

1) 光荣，荣誉(n)

They fight for the honour of the country.

One must show honour to one’s parents.

2) in honour of 为了纪念

A festival is set in honour of the hero.

3) an hounour 光荣的人或事情

Liu Xiang is an honour to our country.

4) 尊敬,给以荣誉（v）

Children should honour their parents.

7. satisfy vt. vi. 使满意，使满足

Nothing can satisfy him except the best.

Some people are really hard to satisfy.

sb. be satisfied with 对…满意

e.g. She’s not satisfied with her new house.

令人满意的： satisfying, satisfactory

满意：satisfaction

8. please vt. 使愉快，取悅…

It is difficult to please everybody.

Our aim is to please the customers.

pleased (人) 高兴的…愉快的

Pleasing (物) 令人愉快的