英汉翻译辅导(练习+参考答案)
英汉翻译辅导
英译汉试题总结
?总共四或五句话, 平均字数112，往往有30个单词以上，甚至40个50个单词的长句子和复杂句子。
?翻译过程中，这些句子往往名词化倾向非常明显，要启用“静态语势－动态语势”的思路。
丢分
?1. 可能会有生词，或者一词多义时，选择词义错误。错一词，丢0.5分。
?2. 句子结构太复杂而分析不清。
?这一点最危险。如果整个句子理解错误，则可能丢掉整个句子的分数。如果总分10分分散在5句话中，则会丢失2分。?但是不仅如此，往往一个句子理解错，剩下的句子也会出现失误。则丢分更可怕。
与语法有关的误译
? 1. 冠词在固定词组中的含义有所不同。
?At a crossroads 在一个十字路口
?At the crossroads 在重要抉择关头
?In front of the car 在车的前面
?In the front of the car 在车的前座
?In office 执政
?In the office 在办公室
冠词的作用
?A red and a white flower
?一朵红花和一朵白花
?A red and white flower
?一朵红白相间的花
请翻译1
?In his first year in office, he has given all men and creeds （主张）, no matter how preposterous （荒谬）, a respectful hearing.
?表达方式：give a hearing to sth. 洗耳恭听
参考答案
?任职第一年，他认真倾听所有人的意见和不同的主张，不管这些主张有多么荒谬。
请翻译2
?He took the chair at the board of directors.
参考答案
?在公司的董事会上他担任主席。
请翻译3
?This is a most interesting book.
参考答案
?这是一本非常有趣的书。
请翻译4
?A fluent speaker never lacks a word, but an accurate speaker never lacks the word.
参考答案
?讲话流利的人从来不缺词汇；而讲话精确的人却从来不缺恰
当的词。
名词的误译—一词多义
?People-集合名词人民
?Peoples-复数－各国人民，各族人民
?Paper 纸张不可数
?An evening paper 一张晚报
?Value:价值
?Values：价值观
请翻译
?The United Nations Organization was born at the end of the Second World War our of the reaction of peoples determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.
?注意语序：要按照汉语的时间、逻辑顺序娓娓道来。
参考答案
?第二次世界大战末期各国人民决心拯救后代免于战争灾祸，联合国组织因此诞生了。
请翻译2
?Slowly it dawns on man in general that science is something of interest and concern to all mankind.
参考答案
?人类逐渐明白了，科学不仅很有趣，而且是和全人类的利益密切相关。
爱因斯坦
?The Einsteins, however, could not afford to pay for the advanced education that young Albert needed.
?问题：The Einsteins 是谁？是一个人吗？
?young Albert 是谁？
参考答案
?然而父母却无力负担年轻的爱因斯坦深造所需的费用。
请翻译4 价值观
?The United Nations has forged a framework guaranteeing the flourishing of man and respect for his values.
参考答案
?联合国制定了一个框架，来保证不同的人类社会都得以繁荣，保证各种不同的价值观都得到尊重。
请翻译5
?Agreement on control and reduction of cost within the executives of the joint venture is impossible, as it has been for so many years.
?注意：agreement 是个具体的协议呢，还是达成一致意见呢？
?这是一个名词化非常明显的句子。请启用“静态语势－动态语势”的转化思路。
参考答案
?正如多年来那样，合资公司管理层要在成本的控制和削减方面达成一致是不可能的。
请翻译6
?No war has ever started with such a victory for one side at the very beginning of the hostilities.
参考答案
?从来没有一场战争在一开始就发现一方取得了如此重大的胜利。
请翻译7
?His high school and college days marked the time when his intellectual interests were broadening and when he sought the company of books.
参考答案
?他的高中和大学阶段正是他知识趣味不断扩大，开始寻求以书为友的时候。
请翻译8
?We attacked restrictive practices wherever they existed; we instituted measures for the more rational deployment of labor; and we greatly improved the relationship between management and workers.
参考答案
?我们反对所有的限制性措施，采取措施来促进劳力的更合理分配，极大地改善了劳资双方的关系。
请翻译9
?As a result of those economies, many of our most important new projects became possible.
?Economy: 经济，经济制度，节约
参考答案
?由于这些节约措施，我们许多最重要的新工程才得以实施。
请翻译10
?Lincoln was a good speaker and student of political philosophy.
?注意：student
?启用“静态语势－动态语势”的转化
参考答案
?林肯擅长演说，又刻苦学习政治哲学。
代词的误译
?人称代词的特殊用法
?We have 365 days in a year.
?You can never tell.
?A translator has to know everything of something and something of everything.
参考答案
?一年有365天。
?谁也无法预料。
?译员既要博闻强记，又要学问精深
请翻译1
?Where people once tried to influence natural events with magic and supernatural forces, they now had science to guide them.
参考答案
?以前人们试图用巫术和超自然的力量来影响自然事件，但现在已有科学来指导他们。
请翻译2
?My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable.
参考答案
?我的看法是，人们对下一代人的抱怨是不可避免的。
请翻译3
?Evening would come before you know it.
参考答案
?黄昏不知不觉就要来到。
请翻译4
?Someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.
参考答案
?习惯于多动脑筋的人，在进入老年之后要比一个从来不积极动脑筋的人的认知能力更为健全。
请翻译5
?You can almost put it down as a general rule that he often invite “honest criticism”, but seldom gets it, and usually doesn’t follow it when he does.
参考答案
?你几乎可以把这个看成一个惯例：他经常请人提出“直率的批评”，不过通常没有人批评他，但是当真的有人这么做的时候，他也不照着做就是了。
请翻译6
?Few countries supported such aggressive acts and therefore the military burden had fallen on the aggressors alone. So would the agony of their new armed intervention in the affairs of other countries.
参考答案
?几乎没有什么国家支持这种侵略行径，因此军事负担就只落在侵略者自己身上，如果他们再武装干涉别国事务，吃苦头的也只会是侵略者自己。
请翻译7
?I would inevitably make mistakes at one time or another and operate on someone who did not need surgery or sit on someone who did.
?Sit on: 搁置
?For weeks they did nothing about my case, they just sat on
it.
参考答案
?说不定时候我会出错，这几乎是不可避免的。我会给不需要手术的病人开刀，也可能会忽略需要动手术的病人。
请翻译8
?Health is about wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that.
参考答案
?健康比财富重要，因为财富不能像健康那样给人们带来幸福。
动词的误译
?及物还是不及物动词
?Within the first few hours, he issued the orders to murder over the radio and television.
参考答案
?在几个小时之内，他通过无线电和电视下令进行屠杀。
情态动词1
?I could have laughed to hear him talk like this.
?有可能发生，但没有发生
参考答案
?听到他这样讲话，我差点笑出来。
情态动词2
?I must have dialed the wrong number.
?There must be a law behind all these phenomena.
?He was astounded that the man who presided over his fate should come pleading to him.
参考答案
?我一定打错电话了。
?所有这一切现象背后一定有规律。
?他很惊讶，这个主宰着他命运的人居然来向他央求。
否定转移
?You should not despise him because he is backward.
?I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me.
?We d on’t read novels for amusement.
参考答案
?不要因为某人落后，你们就看不起他。
?我并不是因为教书容易才教书的。
?我们读小说不是为了消遣。
部分否定
?All the bacteria are not harmful.
?All that glitters is not gold.
参考答案
?并不是所有的细菌都对人体有害。
?闪光的并非都是黄金。
双重否定
?The greatness of a people is no more determined by their
number than the greatness of a man is determined by his height.
?No more …than “正如”
参考答案
?一个民族的伟大不取决于其人口的多少，正如一个人的伟大不决定于他的身高。
形近词－请翻译画线词：
?He founded the University of Chicago Lab School around the turn of the century.
?His family ground its own grain in a windmill.
?Drive carefully on the road in bad weather—It’s very winding.
时态的混淆
?I haven’t heard from him since he lived in Beijing.
?自从…时候我再也没有收到过他的信。
?注意：since 通常都表示动作或者状态的结束。
?It’s been ten years since he became a teacher. 自从…已经十年了。
时态的混淆
?It was the last service he was to render his fellow countrymen.
?Was to 表示过去将发生，但尚未发生的动作。
?It was the last service he rendered his …
?请翻译并比较：
请翻译：时态
?It will also form the introduction to the book to be published by UNESCO.
?The most important factor is the magnitude of the problems to be solved.
参考答案
?这也将充当联合国教科文组织即将要出版的一本书的引言。
?最重要的因素还是有待解决的问题的规模大小。
请翻译：将时态翻译出来
?This country is one of the countries which struggled for independence and is in the vanguard in all matters concerning problems of the developing world.
参考答案
?该国曾经为独立而进行过斗争，而现今它在有关发展中国家问题的所有事务中站在前列。
被动语态vs.主动语态?Tremendous research work is required /to bring about such fantastic speed.
?不定式－－表目的
?被动语态is required
?要…则需
参考答案
?要达到这样神奇的速度，需要进行很多的研究工作。
被动vs.主语
?They were imprisoned, refused anything to read.
?Here are the questions the author thought the average people would like answered.
参考答案
?他们被监禁了，不准阅读任何书刊。
?下面是作者认为一般人想要得到解答的问题。
虚拟语气
?Had this been an analysis on why there is scarcely any poetry here, it would have been useful.
?表示对过去的虚拟，和过去事实相反。
?有用还是无用？
?分析了本地缺少诗歌的原因，还是没有分析？
?将“如果” 转换成“可惜”
参考答案
?可惜这篇文章对这里几乎没有诗歌的原因没有进行任何分析，否则本来应该是有裨益的。
虚拟语气
?They could easily have learned that the success or failure of an enterprise is closely linked with the qualities of its labor force.
参考答案
?他们本来不难知道企业的成败与劳动力的素质有着密切的关系。
虚拟语气
?It is good these laborers leave the country. The job they would have secured can go to others.
参考答案
?这些劳工离开本国是件好事。本来可能属于他们的工作可以给别人。
形容词和副词
?But firemen succeeded in confining the outbreak to warehouses containing less inflammable materials.
?问题：less 修饰的是inflammable, 还是materials
如果翻译的话，有什么不同？
参考答案
?然而消防队员成功地将火势控制在存放不易燃烧物品的仓库范围内。
主语的误译
?理解英语句子时，最重要的，是找到主语和谓语。
形式主语和不定式，有时不是很好分辨。
请翻译
?It will strengthen you to know that your distinguished achievement is so widely respected and appreciated.
参考答案
?当你知道你的杰出成就如此广泛地受到尊重和赞赏时，你就会力量倍增。
定语和状语的误译
?Having reviewed various technical possibilities, I would now like to comment on the dangers that might be represented by their fulfillment and to compare these with the
consequences of efforts to prevent this development.
?不定式，作定语
?注意：代词
参考答案
?分析了技术上的各种可能性后，我现在想对这些可能性变成现实所可能带来的各种危险谈些看法，并将这些危险和阻止这些技术的发展所带来的各种后果进行比较。
其他结构的误译
?There will be no heroics in a war where the safest place will be the front line, if there is one, and the most dangerous the house of our civilian population.
参考答案
?如果一场战争中，前线最安全，而平民房屋最危险，那么是谈不上什么英雄行为的。
分隔词语的误译
?The strength thus developed, however, carried within it the seeds of its own decline.
?主语是_______?
?谓语动词是___________?
参考答案
?然而这样发展起来的力量，在其内部就具有衰退的因素。
分隔词语的误译
?Many sketches are in existence of peasants seated by the roadside and men and women at work in the field.
?主语：
?谓语是：
?Pictures of Stalin …画的内容是…
参考答案
?至今保存着许多速写，画的是坐在路旁的农民们和在田里劳动的男男女女。
分隔词语的翻译
?News came through on the wireless of a rich oil field.
?News of sth. 关于什么的新闻
参考答案
?无线电传来了发现丰富油田的消息。
分隔词语的翻译
?They plan to publish a work on the effects on international law of the establishment of a new nature reserve along the border.
?注意：effects of sth on sth
?A work on sth 一本关于…的书
分隔词汇的翻译
?I would not change my present situation for that of my accusers, to escape all that torture can inflict upon me.
?注意：change…for 改变…为
参考答案
?我不会为了逃避可能加诸我身上的种种苦刑而改变我的立场，转而采取控告我的人的立场。
参考答案
?他们计划出版一本书，论述在边境建立一个新的自然保护区
对国际法的影响。
省略词的翻译
?Potatoes are an important source of food in temperate countries and bananas in tropics.
参考答案
?马铃薯是温带国家食物的重要来源，香蕉是热带地区食物的重要来源。
省略词汇的翻译
?This technique has been available in Britain for years, but its multiple uses have never been exploited as they have in Germany.
参考答案
?这一技术多年来在英国得到了采用，不过它的多种用途却没有像在德国那样得到广泛利用。
比较意义的固定词组
?He was less hurt than frightened.
?与其…比如
参考答案
?他与其说受了伤，还不如说是受惊更恰当。
比较意义的固定词组
?This is as much the by-product of his marketing strategy as it is a deliberate move by the two sides to mend relations. ?As much as…既是，也是
?Not so much as 与其…不如
参考答案
?这既是双方为改善关系而有意采取的措施，又是他营销策略的一个副产品。
比较意义的固定词组
?The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.
?与其…不如
参考答案
?与其说海洋把世界分隔开来，不如说把世界联系起来。
比较意义的固定词组
?Such work requires more than indomitable will.
?More than:不仅仅
参考答案
?这类工作不仅仅需要坚忍不拔的意志。
例子1
?Nevertheless, knowledge of the nature of cancers is advancing in such a way that it seems likely that some definite control may be achieved in the fairly near future; but only if research and application of research on cancer are carried out in a far more vigorous, orderly and scientific way than they are at present. (56)
?第一个问题：有生词吗？
?第二个问题：将生词抹去的话，句子能读懂吗？
?第三个问题：分号“；”前后的句子是什么样的逻辑关系？
?第四个问题：分号之前的句子，such…that
参考答案
?尽管如此，关于癌症的科学研究正在大步向前，相信在不久的将来就可以遏制这种疾病了。但是条件是我们的科研必须更积极、更有序、更科学。
题材：科普(129)
?Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is widely recognized as addictive.
?(21)
?娓娓道来：先说原因，再说结论
?More …than 与其…不如
? A matter of …
?最重要的，是主题词不能翻译错。这个段落的主题是“戒烟”。这个词绝对不能错，否则10分就丢掉9分了。
?A matter of: It is a matter of complete indifference to me. 这是我根本不关心的事。
?It is only a matter of time before the general is removed. 将军下台不会太久了。
?They were shown the door in a matter of minutes. 没过几分钟他们就被赶出了门。
?It is a matter of how to get things done.
?事关，关系到，取决于
参考答案
?人人都知道吸烟容易上瘾，所以戒烟与其说是和一个人的意志力有关，不如说是一个人如何选择的问题。
第二句
?Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with. (29) ?静态语势－－动态语势
?the odds are that he is no longer alive.
?可能他已经死了。
?the odds against this ever happening are high.
?这种情况永远不会发生的可能性很大。
?尽管去心理咨询和吃药可以大大增加永远戒烟的几率，但是一开始就不吸烟才是避免这种困境的最佳办法。
第三句
?The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. （31）
?吸烟对健康的影响虽然不可逆，但是影响却有大有小，由于吸烟的时间长短、数量大小和最初吸烟的年龄高低而有所不同。
第四句
?This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. （20）
?静态语势－动态语势
?名词化
参考答案
?有人认为，只是吸几年烟，不会对健康造成永久的有害影响。但是这个报告对此观点提出了质疑。
第五句
?We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases. （24）
参考答案
?我们希望能劝阻吸烟这种随处可见、对健康造成致命影响的习惯。而且，戒烟时间越长，吸烟所造成的负面影响也会大幅减少。
2005年6月（121个单词）
?This book derives from decades of teaching in various schools across the country. （13）
?体裁：教材的前言
?第一句
参考答案
?这本书是根据数十年来我在全国各地不同的学校的教学经验所写而成的。
第二句
?It is based on the belief that philosophy is a genuinely exciting subject, accessible not only to specialists and a few gifted undergraduate majors but to everyone. （27）
参考答案
新视野大学英语课后习题翻译答案
新视野大学英语（第二版）读写教程2 1至7单元课后翻译答 案总结 IA：她连水都不愿意喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn’t take a drink , much less would she stay for dinner. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 He thought I was lying to him , whereas I was telling the truth. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎样解释 How do you account for the fact you have been late every day this week 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due to their new market strategy. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率得提高。 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project , so we have to carry on. IIA: 尽管她是家里的独生女，他父母也从不溺爱她。 Despite the fact that she is the only child in the family , her parents never baby her .
英汉笔译期末“短句翻译”复习提纲
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(英语)英语翻译专项习题及答案解析含解析
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英汉翻译练习题
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英语翻译题目及答案
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英汉翻译评析答案
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英语翻译基础期末复习完整
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中英翻译练习题(2018-6-6)1
中英翻译练习题 1.沿途要住在停留和反省。 Stop and reflect along the way. 2.不过我认为还要有些橄榄油和醋，这样你随时可以兴之所至就弄个沙拉。 Although I’d also include some olive oil and vinegar so you’re always prepared for an impromptu salad. 3.每个流出序列流都有一个条件，将通过评估此条件来确定对应序列流是否发生。 Each outgoing Sequence Flow has a condition that will be evaluated to determine whether or not it occurs. 4.我将这些蚀刻图案当成终极的科学纹身纹在身上。 I like to think of these engravings as the ultimate science tattoos. 5.但是，互联网作为最终的数字传输版的营销市场的观念现在还是令人怀疑。
But the notion of the Web as the ultimate marketplace for digital delivery is now in doubt. 6.激活外出性同步化并设置时间跨度。 Enable outgoing synchronization and set the time span. 7.你想从极限简约主义那学到一些生活中的经验吗？ Would you like to learn some lessons in life from the ultimate minimalist? 8.她替他们起草一个计划。 She draft out a plan for them. 9.不过，各个语言组正在努力解决这些问题，您应当参考相应语言绑定的文档，以了解有哪些限制（如果有）。 However, the language teams are hard at work to address that, and you should refer to the documentation of your language bindings to see what (if any) limitations apply. 10.我们在原则上接受了这个条款。 We accepted the item in principle.
综合英语课文翻译练习及答案
Lesson One: The Time Message Elwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look ahead, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control!译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。答案是什么呢？控制。 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you.I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem. 译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。所以，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是它的奴仆，作为刚入学的大学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。 3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. 译：时间是珍贵的，浪费时间是个坏习惯，这就像毒品一样，你越浪费时间，就越容易继续浪费下去，如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会，你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。Message1. Control time from the beginning. 4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term. 译：抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周，在学期开始就开始计划。Message2. Get the notebook habit. 5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week. 译：要旨二、养成用笔记本的习惯。 马上去买个笔记本，用它来计划你每一天的时间，一旦订好下每周的学习计划，每周就要这么做，但容许有些小的变动，星期日是制订下周计划的好时间。 Message3. Be realistic. 6 Often you know from experience how long it takes you to write a short essay, to study for a quiz, or to review for a final exam. When you plan time for these things, be realistic.Allow for unexpected things. Otherwise you entire plan may be upset.译：要旨三、要现实些。 你由经验可知道写一篇短文，准备小考或为期术考试复习需要多长的时间，当你为这些事情计划时间时，要现实些，要留有余地，要预计发生意外的事情，否则你的整个计划就会被