电子商务-外文翻译
B2B e-marketplace: an e-marketing framework for B2B commerce
Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to provide a clear understanding of the performance of business-to-business (B2B) e-marketplace in conducting e-marketing in the global business environment. The proposed framework is intended to be used as a guide for B2B firms especially small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) who wish to adopt a proactive approach in the use of information and communication technology for business efficiency and competitive advantage, and those who wish to explore the internet technologies for marketing activities.
Design/methodology/approach– Literature from the B2B e-marketplaces and operations of e-marketing fields were analysed, and the findings were synthesised to develop a preliminary conceptual model of e-marketing. The conceptual model was tested empirically through an online survey from various industries in China, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Findings– With significant online and offline publications from both academia and industry, there is a growing awareness of the contribution of the e-marketing in the global environment. This new marketing paradigm is reported to reshape the business relationships between both consumer marketers and consumers, improving business processes and enhancing the business exposure in the new markets.
Research limitations /implications– The major limitation of this paper is associated with the sample selection. Although the literature findings were international, the empirical study was restricted to China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Therefore, the generalizability of the results may not be applicable for other countries. Furthermore, the majority of the respondents participated were SMEs. Hence, the applicability of findings to large-scale organisations may be limited.
Practical implications–The framework allows B2B firms to capitalise and understand the e-marketing opportunities provided by B2B e-marketplace. The framework also offers guidance to marketing managers a most appropriate approach to adopt B2B e-marketplace to perform their e-marketing activities.
Originality/value– Based on the need for a framework for e-marketing, this study is significance to: SMEs, marketers, information technology practitioners, and all other stakeholders that adopted the internet and other electronic means for marketing purposes.
Background
The development of the internet and the world wide web (www) in the 1990s as a tool for the global sharing of information has opened up new opportunities in marketing practices. “The rapid growth of internet users has made the internet an increasingly important and attractive platform for business transactions”
According to the Internet World Stats (2007), by March 2008, the internet user population reached 1.40 billions world wide, an increase of 290 percent in the period from 2000 to 2008 (Figure 1). Many academics and practitioners have emphasized that the internet is a major platform for e-marketing to deal with marketing mixes, which include global accessibility (Laudon, 2002), convenience in updating (Sandeep and Singh, 2005), real-time information services (Harridge-March, 2004), interactive communications features (Chaffey, 2004), and unique customisation and personalised capabilities (Teo and Tan, 2002). Additionally, e-marketing also refers to the use of electronic methods or media to build upon and maintain customer relationship through electronic platforms (e.g. business-to-business (B2B) e-marketplaces) that facilitates the exchange of ideas, products, and services to satisfy both buyers and sellers. Strauss and Frost (2001) support the above statement and suggested that, sales, public relations, direct marketing, and advertising are marketing communication that comprises the crucial components of e-marketing strategy.
B2B e-marketplace, as one of the major trading platforms brought by the internet technology has made a significant contribution to the e-marketers. The larger organisations are taking advantages from the vast array of suppliers/buyers via the B2B e-marketplace (Stockdale and Standing, 2004). However, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are also eager to compete in the electronic environment remain concerns as how their
businesses can gain benefits from B2B e-marketplace. With significant online and offline publications from both academia and industry there is a growing awareness of the contribution of the e-marketing in the global environment. Nonetheless, there is limitation on how to explore the opportunities for SMEs in benefiting from the emergent e-marketing practices, derive from the B2B e-marketplace.
Review of e-marketing performances in B2B e-marketplace
The internet is the foundation for B2B commerce that provides the technology and platform to enable this business relationships work effectively. B2B transactions over public and private sectors uses the internet as a delivery vehicle for transactions including; financial transfer, on-line exchanges, auctions, delivery of products, and services (O’Reily and Finnegan, 2007). Many pra ctitioners are predicting B2B commerce is expected to have a massive growth and majority of the organisations will have to give consideration to involve with B2B commerce. Referring to Figure 5, B2B consists of three main elements and the e-marketplace performs the main tasks such as sourcing, automated purchasing, processing to facilitate the sellers and buyers to do business transactions. Laudon and Laudon (2000) stated that B2B e-marketplace refers to the exchange of information, products, services, and payment via the internet between buyers and sellers. B2B e-marketplaces are typically defined as inter-organisational IS through which multiple buyers and sellers interact electronically to identify potential trading partners, select them and execute transactions (Rohmtal.2004). Argued that, B2B e-marketplace is able to remove some of the inefficiency of traditional business functionality and allows partners to streamline their marketing activities by sharing information instantaneously.
In recent years, B2B e-marketplace have improved/enhanced the extent of e-marketing activities; providing to all marketers especially to SMEs. Recent studies (Narayanasamy ET al.2008; Pavaloia, 2009) are indicative of the fact that SMEs have started to respond positively to the changes brought about by the internet technologies.
While the main concerns of SMEs are related to the generic SMEs characteristics of limited time/resources and expertise, B2B e-marketplace provide a favorable environment for SMEs to; lower operating and marketing cost, better opportunity to promote their products/services, and enrich their overall marketing communications mix. Overall, the benefits of B2B e-marketplace as reported by many academics and practitioners include: reducing search costs by facilitating comparison of price, products, and services(Kandampully, 2003; Bakos, 1998; Kaplan and Sawhney, 2000);.improving production and supply capability (Barua et al. , 1997; Albrecht et al. ,2005);.improving personalization and customization of product offerings (Bakos, 1998);.enhancing customers relationships (Kierzkowski et al.1996);.reducing marketing costs compare to traditional marketing media (Sculley andWoods, 2001);.reducing numbers of marketing staff (Gloor, 2000).
However, the current literatures do not fully explore the issues relating to the performances of B2B e-marketplace from an e-marketing perspective. In addition, much of the research is focused on particular research areas of interest often ignoring the links to others dimensions in particular e-marketing services. Hence, there are concerns that the despite the efforts to promote adoption of B2B e-marketplace from an e-marketing perspective, SMEs are not fully aware of the opportunities and benefits (Stockdale and Standing, 2004). The literature provides insights into the current level of internet-enabler marketing technologies from B2B e-marketplace to the marketers. The online and offline publications from both academics and practitioners indicated that, e-marketing via B2B e-marketplace is a modern marketing practice for buying and selling goods/services, exchange information/ideas via the internet associated with communication and promotional purposes. The frameworks suggested by various authors including Chaffey (2004), Gloor (2000), Kierzkowski et al. (1996) makes a significant contribution to knowledge in the areas of e-marketing that has the potential to create competitive advantage and enhance customer value. However, it appears that there is limited exploitation of such frameworks by industry professional. In order to develop a better understanding of the topic under study, this paper will adapt a multidisciplinary approach by integrating; traditional SMEs marketing, e-marketing, IS/IT, and B2B e-marketplace to develop an e-marketing framework that will offer a greater value for SMEs.
B2B电子商务市场：电子营销的B2B电子商务框架背景
自上世纪90年代互联网作为一种全球共享信息的工具，互联网开辟了一种新的营销模式。“网络用户的快速增长使得互联网越来越重要，有吸引力的商业交易平台也应运而生”。根据互联网世界统计（2007年），2008年3月互联网用户人数达到14亿，2000年至2008年期间增加290％。许多学者和从业者都强调，互联网是一个电子营销的主要平台，其中包括全球无障碍（Laudon，2002），方便更新（Sandeep、Singh，2005），实时信息服务（Harridge，2004年3月），交互通信的特点（Chaffey，2004）和独特的定制和个性化的能力（Teo、Tan，2002年）。此外，网络营销也指使用电子手段或媒介，建立和维护客户关系。网络营销有利于交换意见，满足买家和卖家。销售，公共关系，直接营销，广告是市场营销的重要组成部分，也包括网络营销策略。
互联网技术的发展为电子商务提供的主要的贸易平台—B2B电子商务市场—做出了重大的贡献。规模较大的组织通过B2B电子商务市场在供应商/买家获得更多的优势，然而，中小企业也渴望受益于电子市场。在电子环境中的竞争，仍然是他们的企业可以如何从B2B电子商务市场获得利益的关注。来自学术界和工业界有了越来越多的在线和离线出版物说明在全球环境中电子营销的贡献的意识正日渐提高。尽管如此，探索如何为中小企业，从新兴的电子营销实践中受益，以及B2B电子商务市场的局限性是本文讨论的重点。
目的
本文的目的是使读者清楚地了解企业对企业（B2B）的电子商务在全球商业环境中的表现。B2B公司尤其是中小型企业（SMEs）要采取积极进取的态度，使用信息和通信技术来以及探索营销活动的互联网技术提高企业的效率和竞争优势，本框架的目的是为企业作指导的。
设计与方法
通过对B2B电子商务市场和电子营销等领域进行分析，制定了初步的电子商务营销的概念模型，概念模型的实证检验通过来自中国，马来西亚和新加坡各行业的网上调查。
研究结果
由于在全球环境下，电子营销的贡献意识正日渐提高，因此在电子营销领域学术界和工业界有了越来越多的在线和离线出版物。这种新的营销模式改变了营销人员和消费者之间的业务关系，改善了业务流程，提高了发现新市场的机会。
研究限制与影响
本文的主要的限制是样本选择，虽然本文的研究是国际化的，但是实证研究只针对中国，马来西亚，新加坡进行，因此，普遍性的结果可能并不适用于其他国家。此外，大多数受访者来自中小企业，大型企
业的适用性可能有限。
实际影响
该框架使得电子商务公司为把握和理解商务市场提供了机会，该框架还提供了一个指导营销经理最合适的方法，通过B2B电子商务市场，执行他们的电子营销活动。
创造与价值
在需要一个电子营销框架的基础上，这项研究的意义：中小企业，市场营销，信息技术从业人员，和所有其他利益相关者，通过互联网和其他电子手段用于市场营销目的。
B2B电子商务在电子商务中的表现
互联网为B2B电子商务提供技术和平台，是有效地开展工作的基础。公共和私营部门的B2B交易使用互联网作为运载工具，包括交易、财政转移支付、网上交流、拍卖、交付产品和服务。许多从业者预测，预计将有一个巨大的增长，大多数组织将不得不考虑到涉及B2B电子商务并建立B2B部门。B2B的由三个主要元素和电子交易市场执行的主要任务，如采购，采购自动化，加工，以方便商业交易的买家和卖家。劳顿和劳顿（2000）指出，B2B电子商务市场，是指买方和卖方通过互联网支付的信息交流，产品或服务。通常定义为组织间B2B电子商务市场是多个买家和卖家通过这种互动的电子识别潜在的贸易伙伴，选择和执行交易。穆尔塔扎等人认为，B2B电子商务市场能够消除一些传统业务功能的低效率，并允许合作伙伴，以精简他们的营销活动，通过网络瞬间共享信息。
近年来，B2B电子商务市场已加强电子营销活动的程度，尤其是中小型企业的电子营销。最近的研究表明，中小企业已经开始积极响应互联网技术带来的变化。虽然中小企业的主要问题是通用的中小型企业模式，在有限的时间或资源和专门知识的特点，B2B电子商务市场提供一个有利的环境，为中小企业降低运营和营销成本，有更好的机会来推广自己的产品和服务，并充实其整体的营销传播组合。总体而言，学者和从业人员报告的B2B电子商务市场的好处包括：减少搜寻成本，促进价格比较，产品和服务（巴克斯，1998年，卡普兰和任务进化，2000年）；提高生产和供给能力（巴鲁阿等，1997，阿尔布雷希等，2005）；提高产品提供的个性化和定制（巴克斯，1998年）；增强客户关系；降低营销成本相比传统营销媒体（史考，2001年）；减少营销人员（2000年Glory，）。然而，目前的文献不充分探讨有些问题：从电子营销的角度来看B2B电子商务市场的表现。此外，大部分的研究主要集中在感兴趣的方面，但是特定研究领域往往忽略，尤其是电子营销服务与其他领域的链接。因此，人们担心的是，从一个电子营销的角度来看，尽管努力促进通过B2B电子商务市场，中小企业无法充分了解机会和利益。本文提供了目前B2B电子商务市场的推动者——互联网营销技术——营销水平的见解。来自学术界和工业界的在线和离线出版物指出，通过B2B电子商务市场的电子营销是一种通过互联网相关的沟通和促销的目的购买和出售的商品和服务，信息交换和想法的现代营销实践。该框架建议包括Chaffey（2004年），Glory（2000年）等各种各样的作者。然而，看来是有限的开发框架的行业专业，为了更好地了解和开发一个主题。本文将通过整合适应多学科
的方法比如传统的中小企业营销，电子营销，IS / IT，B2B电子商务市场发展等，为中小企业提供一个电子营销的框架以提高其价值。
电子商务的发展【外文翻译】
外文翻译 原文 The development of e-commerce Material Source:The Economist, 2003 Author:Laudon, K.C When the technology bubble burst in 2000, the crazy valuations for online companies vanished with it, and many businesses folded. The survivors plugged on as best they could, encouraged by the growing number of internet users. Now valuations are rising again and some of the dot-cons are making real profits, but the business world has become much more cautious about the internet’s potential. The funny thing is that the wild predictions made at the height of the boom—namely, that vast chunks of the world economy would move into cyberspace—are, in one way or another, coming true. The raw numbers tell only part of the story. According to America’s Departme nt of Commerce, online retail sales in the world’s biggest market last year rose by 26%, to $55 billion. That sounds a lot of money, but it amounts to only 1.6% of total retail sales. The vast majority of people still buy most things in the good old “brick s-and-mortar” world. But the commerce department’s figures deal with only part of the retail industry. For instance, they exclude online travel services, one of the most successful and fastest-growing sectors of e-commerce. InterActiveCorp (IAC), the owner of https://www.360docs.net/doc/533379580.html, and https://www.360docs.net/doc/533379580.html,, alone sold $10 billion-worth of travel last year—and it has plenty of competition, not least from airlines, hotels and car-rental companies, all of which increasingly sell online. Nor do the figures take in things like financial services, ticket-sales agencies, pornography (a $2 billion business in America last year, according to Adult Video News, a trade magazine), online dating and a host of other activities, from tracing ancestors to gambling (worth perhaps $6 billion worldwide). They also leave out purchases in grey markets, such as the online pharmacies that are thought to be responsible for a good proportion of the $700m that Americans spent last year on buying cut-price prescription drugs from across the border in Canada. And there is more. The commerce department’s figures include the fees earned
电子商务企业文化中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译文 电子商务时代企业文化的再造 随着网络时代电子商务大规模发展，电子商务企业文化随之产生，它在一个企业在产生的一种新的价值观，使企业内部资源得到从新整合，在为企业带来降低交易成本，提高效率，缩短生产周期等诸多好处的同时，也对已有的企业文化发起了挑战。电子商务的兴起是一场由技术手段飞速发展而引发的商业运作模式的变革，传统经济活动的生存基础、运作方式和管理机制均发生了彻底改变，传统的企业文化也面临着巨大的冲击。 一、企业文化对企业价值的贡献 文化现象是一个国家和民族文明的主要见证。广义的文化，包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗和任何人作为一名社会成员而获得的能力和习惯在内的复杂整体。作为“亚文化”的企业文化，对企业的生存与发展亦起着举足轻重的作用。企业文化是商品经济和市场经济的产物，符合市场经济的客观规律，体现企业的竞争实务、竞争精神和整体形象。所谓企业文化就是企业的经营管理哲学，企业面对所处的社会和商业环境，在长期的生产经营活动中，形成全体员工所接受和认同信守的、为争取事业成功的一套非正式规则。它表明企业奉行何种管理哲学，以及企业通过管理要达到一个什么样的目标。是经济管理的重要内容之一。企业文化意味着一个公司的价值观，而这些价值观成为公司员工活动和行为的规范。 企业文化的本源问题是如何增加企业利润，降低企业的成本和费用。它的要义就是怎么使企业能够有效的整合资源，以达到对外部的适应性，使公司在竞争中生存，进而实现持续发展。企业文化建设为企业开展文化管理指出一个明确的方向。企业文化建设的根本目的是建设能够对外竞争环境具有高度适应性，并能根据环境变换做出迅速反应的行为方式能力，这种能力其实就是企业所拥有的根据外部竞争的环境需要而对内部资源进行整合运用的能力。企业文化建设应促进这一能力系统的形成，并维持好这一能力系统。中国的许多企业例如海尔、联想等企业成功的秘诀之一就是发展了一整套公司理念、经营哲学，形成了自己独特的企业文化。 1、企业文化体现企业的形象和精神。树立良好的企业形象，需要企业文化的支撑。现
电子商务英文文献
2.2 移动电子商务的服务质量 移动电子商务的文献资料显示，几乎没什么直接衡量移动电子商务服务质量的文章。很多对电子服务的研究通过研究消费者行为来调查移动电子商务的服务质量。比如，Turel and Serenko(2006) 修改了美国顾客满意度模型来研究加拿大的顾客满意度。在他们的模型中，感知质量，即感知服务质量，被定义为对服务经验的市场评估。通过该服务的个性化和可靠性来衡量。早期研究中有六个服务质量衡量方法，包括电话服务质量，定价结构，移动设备，增值服务，手续简便以及客户的支持度。通过对因素的探索性分析，他们派出了移动设备、手续简便以及客户支持度等因素，因为这些因素的因素负荷很低。因此，他们采用剩下的三个因素衡量服务质量。类似的还有，Lim也认为顾客对移动电子商务的感知质量有5个方面，包括定价规划，网络服务质量，数据服务，广告系统和顾客服务，这些都是Lim通过探索性分析确定的。 也有人认为服务质量与各种各样的移动电子商务的应用程序有关。Chae et al 在调查移动电子商务信息质量的时候，他延伸了先前一个信息质量的框架，将移动电子商务（比如移动设备和背景）的特点结合了起来。他们从四个方面来测量移动电子商务信息质量。
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跨境电商外文文献综述
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跨境电商外文翻译参考文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)
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电子商务 外文翻译
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电子商务外文翻译文献
中英文翻译
1 外文文献译文 电子商务战略挑战 介绍 11世纪欧洲出现了信贷和银行系统等金融工具，如外汇支出。这是我们的观念的改变，当时，它们是现代商业形式。信息技术的到来(电脑与通讯)和发展前景彻底改变这种传统商业模式。 网络(电子商务)自诞生以来，提供了一个方便的沟通渠道,使企业与现有和潜在的客户更方便。互联网的出现也引起了普遍的沟通渠道的变化，以电子商务巨大的潜力。尽管仍有许多辩论怀疑这种商业模式的支付安全性，这显然是一个经济增长的热点。 很难说互联网是多么大的网络. 霍夫曼&诺瓦克(1996)引用了一些调查(地下发现/SVP时代镜和CommerceNet)发现在美国至少有10万互联网用户。电脑数量(主机)连接因特网花费达9.47亿美元(网络奇才公司,1996年),1996年1月. 看到任何一个单一主办支持用户都有成千上万的使用者。 截至1996年3月21日，在公开市场的上市公司24347(1996)目录里”网上商业服务”共有54800份,在公司指导目录里雅虎网站(Yahoo,1996年)网站的访问人数大约每两个月翻一番.克拉克董事长Jim估计在1995年有4000万因特网用户每月增长8% (克拉克,1995年)。 互联网技术只是一个方面。企业需要的信息系统和处理数据的应用软件一段时间内成为新兴的信息技术。现代信息技术帮助企业掌握并处理有用信息。这些技术包括： 1. 组织支持系统, 譬如工作流和群件- 使企业更加高效率。 2. 顾客联络数据库-帮助捕获关于顾客的信息并促进行销新方法 3. 电子支付系统-这种方式刚刚涌现,多数付款仍然应用比较昂贵的传统现金结算。 集体和个人,这些地区将发生重大变化,一个公司的方式进行经营，WorkWareEnix 已经创立了一个新名词来形容这些技术的结合。 在一定程度上，这个领域的变化将引起一个公司经营方式巨大的的改变，Enix
电子商务营销外文翻译文献
电子商务营销外文翻译文献 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) The technical basis of network marketing Peter Kenzelmann Network marketing is based on the technology infrastructure of computer network technology, as represented by information technology. Computer networks of modern communications technology and computer technology to the product of combining it in different geographic regions and specialized computer equipment for external interconnection lines of communication into a large, powerful networks, thus enabling a large
number of computers can easily transmit information to each other, share hardware, software, data and other resources. And network marketing is closely related to the computer network there are three types: the Internet, Extranet and Intranet. [Edit] the theoretical basis for the network marketing Theoretical foundation of network marketing is direct marketing network theory, network theory of relationship marketing, marketing theory and network software to integrate marketing theory. (A) Direct Response Network Marketing Theory Internet marketing as an effective direct marketing strategy, network marketing that can be tested and measurable and can be evaluated and controlled. Therefore, the characteristics of the use of network marketing, you can greatly improve the efficiency of marketing and marketing decision-making effectiveness of the implementation. Direct marketing theory is the 20th century, one of the 80's the concept of eye-catching. Direct Marketing Association of the United States for its definition is: "a place to produce any measurable response and (or) use the Stock Exchange reached one or more advertising media marketing system interaction." Directly Marketing the key to the theory that network marketing is that it can be tested, measurable, can be evaluated, which a fundamental solution to evaluate the effect of the traditional difficulties in marketing and marketing for more scientific decision-making possible. (B) the network theory of relationship marketing Relationship Marketing is a great importance since 1990 by the marketing theory, which mainly includes two basic points: First of all, in the macro level will be recognized that the scope of marketing a wide range of areas, including customer market, the labor market, the supply market , the internal market, the market stakeholders, as well as the