宁夏银川一中2019届高三第一次模拟考试英语

宁夏银川一中2019届高三第一次模拟考试英语
宁夏银川一中2019届高三第一次模拟考试英语

银川一中

2019届高三年级第一次模拟考试

本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。考试结束,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项:

1.答题前,考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名,准考证号填写清楚,并贴好条形码。请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名。

2.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号,在试题卷上作答无效。

第Ⅰ卷(共115分)

第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)

做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What will the woman do this evening?

A.Read a novel

B.Meet some friends

C.Chat with her net friends

2.What are the speakers talking about?

A.The woman’s birthday.

B.Their favourite colours.

C.The man’s shirt

3.Why does the woman borrow money from the man?

A.To help her friend Jenny.

B.To get tickets for a rock concert.

C.To help the baby she’s taking care of.

4.What can we learn from the conversation?

A.The woman wants to visit the Tower of London.

B.The man has been to London before.

C.The man is inviting the woman to his house.

5.How long did the man stay at the exhibition?

A.About 8 hours.B.About half a day.C.More than 3 hours.

第二节(共15 小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。

6.What happened to the man?

A.He lost his wallet.

B.He broke his desk.

C.He was late for work this morning.

7.What will the man do after the conversation?

A.Go to the supermarket.

B.Go to the police station.

C.Make a phone call.

听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。

8.Which bus had the woman better take according to the man?

A.No.15.B.No.18.C.No.25.

9.What does the man tell the woman to take?

A.A towel.B.Soap.C.A swimming cap.10.What can the woman buy at the sports center?

A.Fruit.B.Drinks C.Sandwiches.

听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。

11.What is the man’s trouble?

A.He has no money with him.

B.He has trouble choosing a present.

C.He can’t afford a handbag.

12.What can we know about the man’s mother?

A.She is interested in housework.

B.She does n’t like handbags.

C.She is good at making clothes.

13.What does the man decide to buy at last?

A.Some skirt material.B.A nice dress.C.A magazine about design.听第9段材料,回答第14至16题。

14.What did the man do after he read the newspapers this morning?

A.He went to his office.

B.He turned on the computer.

C.He checked his e-mail.

15.How did the man know there was a big fire in Hong Kong yesterday?

A.His father sent him the message.

B.He got the news from his brother.

C.He read it from the newspaper.

16.Which of the following is TRUE according to the conversation?

A.The man’s mother’s birthday is coming.

B.The man’s sister lives with his parents.

C.The woman likes seeing video images.

听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。

17.Which place will the travelers visit first?

A.Pigeon Point.B.A seaside café.C.An ice-cream factory.18.What does the speaker advise the travelers to bring?

A.Food.B.Medicine.C.Swimsuits.

19.What animals can the travelers see in the nature reserve according to the talk?

A.Giraffes.B.Monkeys C.Elephants.

20.What extra costs does the speaker mention?

A.Money for souvenirs

B.Tips for the tour guide.

C.Tips for the hotel clerks.

第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)

第一节:单项填空(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)

从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。21.When I stayed in the countryside, I enjoyed ____ leisurely walk in the fields, and felt ____ warmth of the sun on my face.

A./ ; the B.a ; a C./ ; a D.a ; the

22.To improve the quality of our products, we ask ____ has used them for suggestions.A.anyone B.who C.no matter who D.whoever

23.I arrived late and missed the flight.I ____ the traffic to be so heavy.

A.hadn’t expected B.haven’t expected

C.wouldn’t expect D.was expected

24._______ the Town Hall, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.A.Approached B.Approaching

C.To approach D.To be approached

25.My mother is not in very good shape, and has ____ tennis to get fit.

A.filled up B.built up C.taken up D.set up

26.This new model of car is so expensive that it is beyond the reach of those with ____ income.A.frequent B.traditional C.extra D.average

27.I don’t want ____ as if I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s decision is unacceptable.

A.to be sounded B.to sound

C.to being sounded D.to have sounded

28.It was from only a few supplies that she had brought in the village ____ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.

A.where B.when C.that D.which

29.So far we have done a lot to build a low—carbon economy, but it is ____ideal.We have to work still harder.

A.far from B.next to C.out of D.due to

30.What we want is an environmentally friendly car, especially ____ is good on gas.A.one B.one which C.which D.one that

31.––– Could I use your phone for a moment?

––– ______.Help yourself.

A.Take your time B.Forget it

C.By all means D.Never mind

32.––– I promise my daughter ____ get a nice present on her birthday.

––– I think it will be a big surprise to her.

A.must B.shall C.might D.need

33.Where were you at supper time? I ____ for you to join me.

A.waited B.had waited C.have been waiting D.was waiting

34.––– I felt left out at the party last night.

––– Really? ____, you should have said something.

A.If possible B.If so C.If necessary D.If any

35.One of the most important things in education is to let students ____ positive emotions and experience in the process of their learning.

A.require B.acquire C.demand D.clarify

第二节: 完形填空(共20 小题; 每小题1.5 分, 满分30 分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Jerry is a restaurant manager who is always in a good mood and always has something positive to say.

One day I went up to Jerry and asked him, “I don’t get 36 ! You can’t be a __37__ person all of the time.How do you do it?” Jerry replied, “Each morning I wake up and say to myself you have two __38__ today.You can choose to be in a good mood 39 you can choose to be in a bad mood.I choose to be in a good mood.It’s your choice __40__ you live life.”

Several years later, I heard that Jerry did something you are never __41__ to do in the restaurant business….He __42__ the back door open one morning and was held up at __43__ point by three armed robbers.He was shot by them while trying to fight back.__44__, Jerry was found relatively quickly and __45 to the local trauma(外伤)center.After 18 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, Jerry was released 46 the hospital with fragments of the bullets

47 in his body.

I saw Jerry about six months after the __48 .Jerry told me something happening in the ER (急诊室).He said, “… the paramedics were great.They kept telling me I was going to be fine.But when they wheeled me into the ER and I saw the 49 on the faces of the doctors and nurses, I got really 50 .In their eyes, I 51 ‘he’s a dead man.’ I knew I needed to take 52 .”“What did you do?’ I asked.“Well, there was a nurse shouting questions at me,” said Jerry.“She asked 53 I was allergic to anything.‘ Yes’ I replied.The doctors and nurses stopped working as they waited for my reply.I took a deep breath and yelled, ‘BULLETS!’ Over their 54 , I told them, ‘I am choosing to live.Operate on me as if I am alive, not dead’.”Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing attitude.I learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully.

Attitude, 55 , is everything.

36.A.that B.those C.one D.it

37.A.brave B.good C.positive D.bad 38.A.causes B.choices C.things D.goals

39.A.and B.or C.but D.then

40.A.how B.what C.that D.when 41.A.supposed B.expected C.encouraged D.suggested 42.A.came B.left C.broke D.knocked 43.A.sword B.stick C.arrow D.gun 44.A.Hopefully B.Delightedly C.Luckily D.Disappointedly 45.A.pushed B.rushed C.stepped D.followed 46.A.to B.towards C.from D.down

47.A.even B.ever C.once D.still 48.A.trouble B.accident C.difficulty D.trick 49.A.expressions B.smiles C.cries D.tears 50.A.attracted B.touched C.scared D.warned 51.A.mix B.hope C.ask D.read

52.A.care B.action C.turns D.apart

53.A.what B.that C.if D.why 54.A.laughter B.disappointment C.excitement D.joy

55.A.after all B.at all C.in all D.for all

第三部分: 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Imagine yourself on a boat looking out at the horizon and all you can see is the water meeting the sky with no land in sight and you are sailing straight ahead to meet the world.Jesse Martin does not have to imagine: he is living in it.

On Dec.7, 1998, at 17 years old, Jesse set sail from Melbourne, Australia on his boat, attempting to become the youngest person to sail alone and nonstop around the world.He sailed south of New Zealand, through the South Pacific, around South America, north on the Atlantic, back south past Africa, through the Indian Ocean and back to Melbourne.

Even as a young child, Jesse had been an adventurer who traveled all over Europe and Asia with his parents.Born in Munich, Germany in 1981, he moved to Australia with his family when he was only two years old.They moved close to a rainforest in Cow Bay, about 3500kms north of Melbourne, where they built a small house with no electricity or running water.Jesse grew up at the beach enjoying the outdoors to its fullest.

At 14, he sailed for the first time with his father and brother, Beau.It was after this trip that he began to dream about sailing around the world.

Jesse’s family played an important role.“I was made to believe I could do anything.” he says.Although, he says, there were others that were not so encouraging or supportive, “People that I looked up to, respected and trusted told me I couldn’t.Thankfully, I trusted myself.There were people that said that the boat couldn’t be ready by the time I had to leave.”However, through perseverance and belief in himself he was able to do what many told him was impossible.On Oct.31, 1999, more than 10 months after he set sail, Jesse Martin went down in history as the youngest person to sail around the world alone, nonstop and unassisted.

56.What’s the author’s purpose in encouraging the reader to imagine a sailing experience?

A.To show how difficult it is to be a sailor.

B.To show how wonderful Jesse’s sailing is.

C.To describe what Jesse’s sailing is like.

D.To describe what a sailor’s life is like.

57.Jesse Martin was at the end of his voyage when he _______.

A.sailed on the South Pacific.B.sailed on the Indian Ocean.

C.sailed past Africa D.sailed past South America.

58.Which of the following made Jesse decide to sail alone around the world?

A.His childhood adventure experiences.B.His journeys to Europe.

C.His first sailing trip with his family.D.His love for outdoor activities.59.What can we learn from Jesse Martin’s story?

A.Interest leads to success.

B.A strong belief will make a person stronger.

C.Life is an unusual adventure we should enjoy.

D.Failure is the mother of success.

B

Earlier this month, the Obama Administration called for increased protection of the world’s most southern continent, Antarctica.Scientists say climate change and human activity have increasingly led to the melting of massive pieces of Antarctic ice.The disappearance of ice will not only affect wildlife in the area such as seals and penguins.The melting will also cause oceans and seas around the world to rise.

This represents a major threat, especially to coastal areas.For example, the ancient city of Venice, Italy has long been threatened by rising sea levels.The situation is made worse by the fact that its ancient buildings, built on a body of water called a lagoon(淡水湖), are slowly sinking.When the city was founded about 1,600 years ago, the level of the Adriatic Sea was almost two meters lower than it is today.

Rising sea levels are not the only threat.The salty water is also destroying Venice’s famous buildings and artworks.The Italian government is trying to fix the problem with the construction of a seven-billion-dollar system of moving flood barriers.

Climate change is also leading to the melting of ice in other areas, such as Mount Kilimanjaro in northeastern Tanzania.It is the highest point in Africa, measuring almost 6,000 meters.The mountain supports five vegetation zones and many kinds of animals.The ice glaciers on the mountain are disappearing very quickly.This will have a bad effect on the mountain’s ecosystems and on Tanzania’s travel industry.Also, a valuable record of thousands of years of weather history will also be lost if the ice melts.Scientists study pieces of glacier to understand weather patterns from thousands of years ago.

In the United States, the icy masses in Glacier National Park in Montana may soon completely disappear because of climate change.In 1850, there were an estimated 150 glaciers in the more than 400,000 hectare park.

There are 26 glaciers remaining today.Scientists estimate that the glaciers will be gone by 2030.Warming temperatures are also threatening the many kinds of plants and animals that live in this mountain ecosystem.

60.The writer developed the passage mainly by______.

A.giving examples B.listing reasons

C.making comparisons D.using quotations

61.How many glaciers disappeared since 1850 in Glacier National Park?

A.150.B.26.

C.400,000.D.About 124.

62.According to the passage, what has been affected in Italy by rising sea levels?

A.Many kinds of plants and animals died out in Italy.

B.Venice’s famous buildings and artworks are being destroyed completely.

C.The ice glaciers on the mountain are disappearing very quickly.

D.Its ancient buildings could be drowned.

63.What could be the best title for the passage?

A.Climate Change

B.The Melting of Massive Pieces of Antarctic Ice

C.Visiting Endangered Places around the World

D.The disappearing of the Ice Glaciers

C

Parents are a child’s first teachers.But some parents never learned from good examples.In New York City, a nonprofit agency called Covenant House tries to help homeless young mothers become good parents.

The twelve or so teenagers who live at the shelter attend parenting classes four days a week.The class is called Mommy and Me.Teacher Delores Clemens is a mother of five and a grandmother.She teaches basic skills, like how to give a baby a bath and how to dress a baby depending on the season.

She remembers one student who learned from her mother not to pick up a crying baby.The mother said that would only make the child needy and overly demanding.Delores Clemens says, “that's not true.You have to hold your baby! He is crying for a reason.If you never pick him up, he's going to keep crying.Pick your baby up.Cuddle your baby.Hug him! And she started to do that.They just want a little cuddling and a little love.And it wo rks!”

Delores Clemens says her students also learn how to be good mothers by letting themselves be mothered.Around three hundred fifty teenage mothers graduate from Covenant House's Mommy and Me class every year.

In class, with her baby son is Natasha.She lived on the streets.She is glad not only for the warmth and shelter of Covenant House.As she told reporter Adam Phillips, she is also glad for the help they offer in seeking a more secure life.

The World Health Organization says the United States has forty-one births for every one thousand girls age fifteen to nineteen.That is higher than other developed countries, as well as some developing ones.By comparison, northern neighbor Canada has fourteen births and southern neighbor Mexico has eighty-two.

64.What is the text mainly about?

A.Parents who are a child’s first teachers.

B.A class where teens learn mothering and are mothered.

C.A nonprofit agency that offers a more secure life.

D.A kind teacher who help homeless young mothers.

65.Covenant Houses’ Mommy and Me class is intended to _____.

A.help homeless young mothers become good parents

B.provide homeless young mothers with a warm shelter

C.help mothers in New York be good parents

D.teach some parents how to love their children

66.What can we know about Delores Clemens from the text?

A.She has a mother of five and a grandmother.

B.She thinks a crying baby should be picked up and hugged.

C.She teaches advanced skills on how to be good mothers.

D.She is very glad for the warmth and shelter of Covenant House.

67.According to the World Health Organization, which country has the highest births for girls age fifteen to nineteen?

A.Canada B.the United States of America

C.Mexico D.Britain

D

Sightseeing Tours in Germany

Germany has a variety of cities each with its own characteristics, from the busy city of Berlin, to the ancient city of Cologne, to the Bavarian capital of Munich.Thankfully, these major German cities offer sightseeing tours that offer the opportunity to better explore the surrounding regions and the country’s most historic sites.

Berlin on Bike

Berlin on Bike takes visitors through the German capital via five bicycle tours, all with guides.Regular tours include the Wall Tour and Berlin’s Best, with stops at some of the city’s most famous landmarks, such as the Reichstag explores what life was like in East Berlin under Communist Rule.The cost of the tour includes the bike and helmet rental, and tourists may choose to continue renting their bikes once the tour has ended.

Berlinonbike.de/English/index.php

Munich City Sightseeing Tour

The Munich City Sightseeing Tour transports travelers throughout the city via an open-air, double-decker bus.Passengers can hop on and off at various stops throughout the day.This tour includes stops at such sites as the Munich central train station, the 1972 Olympic Stadium Park, Munich’s opera house and Karlsplatz, the gate to the historic city.The bus features a narrated tour guide and offers an English-language option.

Raileurope.com/activities/munich-city-sightseeing-tour/index.html

Nice City Tours- Cologne

Nice City Tours offers three tours of Cologne, available to private or business groups in a variety of languages.The old Town Tour runs for two hours and includes a guided tour of the Cologne Cathedral and some of the city’s old squares.The Brewery Pub Tour explores some of the city’s most beloved breweries and pubs, and details the history behind Kolsch, Cologne’s resident beer.Finally, the Old Town and Rhine Tour begins by visiting some of old town’s most historic sites and ends with a ride down the Rhine River.

Nicecitytours.con/tours.htm

68.The similarity of the three tours lies in that they all include_____.

A.bus tours B.English service C.three routes D.guide’s service 69.If you take a great interest in beer, which tour might be suitable for you?

A.The Wall Tour B.The Brewery Pub Tour

C.The Old Town Tour D.The Munich City Sightseeing Tour 70.Where can you probably see this passage?

A.In a textbook.B.On a website.

C.In an encyclopedia.D.In a journal.

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多途选项。

Swimming cycling, jogging, skiing, dancing, walking or any of dozens of other activities can

help your heart.71 .Whether it is a structured exercise program or just part of your daily routine, all exercise adds up to having a healthier heart.Here are some tips for exercise success.Choose activities that are fun and add variety.Develop several activities that you can enjoy.72

Wear comfortable, properly fitted shoes and comfortable, loose—fitting clothing appropriate for the weather and the activity.

Find a convenient time and place to do activities.73 .If you miss an exercise opportunity, work activity into your day another way.

Use music to keep yourself entertained.

74 Decide what kind of support you need.Do you want them to remind you to exercise? Exercise with you regularly or occasionally? Be understanding when you get up early to exercise? Spend time with the children while you exercise? Try not to ask you to change your exercise routine? Share your activity time with others.Ask your family members, friends or co—workers for help.

Don’t overdo it, especially at first.You can slowly increase the time and intensity (强度)of your activities as you become more fit.75

Keep a record of your activities.Reward yourself at times.Nothing will inspire you more than success!

A.Try to make it a habit, but be flexible.

B.They all cause you to feel warm and breathe heavily without being out of breath.

C.Be an active role model for your children.

D.That way, exercise will never seem boring.

E.If you are overweight or have a high risk of heart disease, see your doctor for medical advice before exercising.

F.Surround yourself with supportive people.

G.Gradually, work up to exercising on most days of the week for 30—60 minutes.

第II卷

第四部分:写作(共两节,满分35分)

第一节:短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

英语课上,老师要求同桌同学相互修改作文。假设以下短文为你同桌所写,请你对其进行修改。短文中共有10处错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号(/\),并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2、只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

After watch “English TV” last Sunday morning, I phoned to my classmate and told him to go to see a film in the afternoon.Before the film was over, we returned to school to do our lessons.While we are having a rest in the corridor, I saw Mr Liu, my head teacher.He told me that we had made some progresses in English, but my Chinese lagged behind, especially my Chinese

composition.He suggested I must read more and keeping a diary every day.In the evening my father told me that reading newspapers would do me well for improving composition writing.That was really good idea! What they said was quite right, and I should follow their advice.

第二节:书面表达(满分25分)

假设你是李华,你的加拿大朋友Bob给你发邮件想了解中国高中生对于大学的选择情况,于是你在班里做了一次调查。请根据下面的表格给Bob回一封邮件告诉他调查结果并

注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.邮件的开头已给出,不计入总次数;

3.参考词汇:录取be admitted

Dear Bob,

Last week I made a survey in my class about what university they want to choose.I’m writing to tell you the result.

宁夏银川一中2019届高三第一次模拟考试数学(理)

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 理科数学试题卷 (银川一中第一次模拟考试) 注意事项: 1 ?答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2 ?作答时,务必将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。 3 ?考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 、选择题:本大题共 12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是 符合题目要求的. i .设集合 A =「0,2,468,i0?, B = \ x2x-3 “,则 A B = A.人8? B. ^0,2,6? C.「0,2^ D.「2,4,6^ z 2 +3 2.复数 z =1 —2i ,则 - z-1 A . 2i B . -2 C. -2i D .2 3?高铁、扫码支付、共享单车、网购被称为中国的“新四大发明”,为评估共享单车的使用情况, F 面给出的指标中可以用来评估共享单车使用量的稳定程度的是 A . X i , X 2 , , X n 的平均数 B . X i , X 2 , , X n 的标准差 C. X i , X 2 , , X n 的最大值 D ? X i , X 2 , , X n 的中位数 4?已知等比数列{a n }中,有a 3a ii =4a 7,数列{g }是等差数列,其前n 项和为S ., 绝密★启用前 选了 n 座城市作实验基地, 这n 座城市共享单车的使用量 (单位:人次/天)分别为X i , X 2 , , X n , A . 26 B . 52 C T .78 2 T D . 104 5.如图,在 ABC 中,AN 二 NC , P 是BN 上 3 1 一点,若 AP =tAB — AC ,则实数t 的值为 3 2 r 2 c 1 3 A.— B . C . D (5 3 5 6 4 且6二a ?,则弘二

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宁夏回族自治区银川市第一中学等比数列经典例题

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2020年宁夏银川一中高考数学一模试卷(理科)

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可分别填入的是() ①②③ A7 i??1 s s i =-1 i i=+ B128 i??1 s s i =-2 i i = C7 i??1 2 s s i =-1 i i=+ D128 i??1 2 s s i =-2 i i = A.A B.B C.C D.D 8.(5分)若2 3 1 ()n x x +展开式的各项系数之和为32,则其展开式中的常数项为() A.1B.5C.10D.20 9.(5分)在平面区域{(,)|0} 2 y x M x y x x y ? ? =? ?+ ? … … ? 内随机取一点P,则点P在圆222 x y +=内部的概率() A. 8 π B. 4 π C. 2 π D. 3 4 π 10.(5分)已知直线l,m,平面α、β、γ,给出下列命题: ①// lα,// lβ,m αβ= I,则//l m; ②// αβ,// βγ,mα ⊥,则mγ ⊥;

宁夏回族自治区银川市第一中学2019-2020高一期中考试地理试卷

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宁夏银川一中2019届高三第一次模拟考试试卷(生物 解析版)

1.下列与细胞相关的叙述错误的是 A. 非细胞结构的病毒可以在宿主个体的血浆中繁殖后代 B. 运用差速离心法分离各种细胞器时必须先将细胞膜破坏 C. 肌细胞内的机质体是由大量变形的线粒体组成,与肌细胞能量供应有关 D. 水、O2、CO2、甘油、乙醇、苯均可以通过自由扩散进出细胞 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 病毒无细胞结构,必须寄生在活细胞内才能完成生命活动;差速离心法是将细胞膜破坏后,形成由各种细胞器和细胞中其他物质组成的匀浆,将匀浆放入离心管,用高速离心机在不同的转速下进行离心,利用不同的离心速度所产生的不同离心力,就能将各种细胞器分离开;线粒体是能量转换器,为生命活动提供能量;自由扩散的方向是从低浓度向高浓度,不需要载体和能量,如水,CO2,O2,甘油,苯、酒精等。 【详解】A. 非细胞结构的病毒必须寄生在活细胞中繁殖后代,A错误; B. 运用差速离心法分离各种细胞器,必须先将细胞膜破坏,再利用细胞各组分质量大小不同,在离心管不同区域沉降的原理,分离出所需组分,B正确; C. 肌细胞内的机质体是由大量变形的线粒体组成,推出该结构与肌细胞能量供应有关,C 正确; D. 水、O2、CO2、甘油、乙醇、苯进出细胞的方式是自由扩散,D正确。 2.除了温度和pH值对酶活性有影响外,一些抑制剂也会降低酶的催化效果。下图为酶作用机理及两种抑制剂影响酶活性的机理的示意图。下列说法不正确的是 A. 用胰蛋白酶处理生物膜可改变其通透性 B. 酶只能催化一种或一类化学反应,与酶自身结构有关 C. 非竞争性抑制可以改变酶的结构,使酶不适于接纳底物分子

D. 竞争性抑制剂降低酶活性的机理与高温、低温对酶活性抑制的机理相同 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】 分析题图,在无抑制剂存在时,底物和酶结合后,在酶的催化下转化成产物;竞争性抑制剂和底物争夺酶的同一活性部位,使酶和底物的结合机会减少,从而降低酶对底物的催化反应速率,而非竞争性抑制剂会和酶活性位点以外的其他位点结合,通过改变酶的结构,从而使酶失去催化活性,降低酶对底物的催化反应速率。 【详解】A. 蛋白酶出能催化细胞膜上的蛋白质水解,因此细胞膜的通透性也改变,A正确; B. 酶具有专一性,一种酶只能催化一种或一类物质的化学反应,这与酶的空间结构有关,B 正确; C. 据图分析,非竞争性抑制可以与酶的非活性位点结合,改变酶的结构,从而使酶不能与底物结合,C正确; D. 竞争性抑制剂通过与底物竞争活性部位降低酶活性,而高温会使酶的空间结构破坏使酶失活,但低温只是抑制酶的活性,酶在低温下酶的空间结构没有改变,它们之间作用机理不同,D错误。 3.下列有关细胞生命历程的叙述错误的是 A. 细胞都要经过发生、生长、成熟、衰老和凋亡的过程 B. 在细胞衰老的过程中,细胞的生理状态和化学反应都会发生复杂的变化 C. 被病原体感染的细胞的清除属于细胞坏死 D. 紫外线及其他射线通过损伤细胞内的DNA分子导致细胞癌变 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】 衰老细胞中,细胞内水分减少,细胞萎缩,体积变小,但细胞核体积增大,染色质固缩,染色加深;细胞膜通透性功能改变,物质运输功能降低;细胞色素随着细胞衰老逐渐累积;有些酶的活性降低;呼吸速度减慢,新陈代谢减慢。细胞凋亡是由基因决定的,属于正常的生命现象,对生物体有利;细胞坏死是由外界环境因素引起的,是不正常的细胞死亡,对生物体有害。紫外线、X射线等会损伤细胞中的DNA分子,使原癌基因和抑癌基因发生突变,导致正常细胞的生长和分裂失控而变成癌细胞。

【生物】宁夏银川市第一中学2020届高三上学期第二次月考

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银川一中2019年第一次模拟考试理科数学试卷

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