高中英语语法讲义——冠词
高中英语语法讲义——冠词
冠词的泛指、特指
泛指是指首次提到、不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，也可以是指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。冠词的泛指、特指用法归纳如下：
泛指：
a/an+单数名词。如：A(=One) horse is enough.（表数量）
a/an+单数名词。如：A horse is a large four-legged animal.（强调类别中任何一个的特定）
the+单数名词。如：I think the most useful animal is the horse.（强调整个类别）
零冠词+复数名词或不可数名词。如：Horses are useful animals.（强调类别中的许多个体）
特指：the+单数名词/复数名词/不可数名词
冠词填空
https://www.360docs.net/doc/5917932178.html,szlo Biro invented______ ball-point pen.
2.The biggest whale is______ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long- the height of______ 9-story
building.
不定冠词
（1）不定冠词有a, an两种形式，当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为辅音音素（注意不是辅音字母）时用a; 当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为元音音素（注意：不是元音字母）时用an。如：a university, a useful animal, a one-eyed dog, an hour, an honest boy, an ugly man等
冠词填空
3. I earn 10 dollars ______ hour as ______ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
4. The teacher asked us to write ______ 800-word-long composition.
（2）表示one, the same或every的意思。
如：They are of an age. (=the same) I will return in a day or two.
冠词填空：
5. Christmas is______ special holiday when the whole family are supposed to get together.
6. They are twins, so they are of ______ age.
（3）不定冠词的特殊位置
1）“so/ as/ too/ how/ however+ adj+ a/ an单数名词”。
如：This is so interesting a film that we all want to see it.
He is as good as a student as you (are).
He is too young a boy to join the army.
How clever a boy he is!（=what a clever boy he is! =How clever the boy is!）
However clever a man he is, he can’t learn English well without enough practice.
2）quite, rather与单数名词连用且名词前有形容词修饰时，其顺序为“a+ rather+形容词+单数名词”或“rather/quite + a/an+形容词+单数名词”。如：
It was a rather difficult question.
It was rather a difficult question.
It is quite a small house.
注意：①没有“a+ quite+形容词+单数名词”结构
②“quite+ a/an+单数名词”用于强调在某方面很突出。
She is quite a beauty.
③在quite a few, quite a little等短语中，由于a few, a little为固定短语，故不能拆成a quite few, a quite little等
3）“no/ much/ far/ all…+形容词比较级+ a/an+ 单数名词”。如：
He is far more clever a boy.
4)“more/less+形容词+a/an +单数名词”。
Tom is less significant a figure.
5）what/ such/ half+ a/ an+单数名词；many a/ an+单数名词：许多；not a/ an+单数名词：一个也不
同义句转换
7. What an interesting book I have read!
_____________ book I have read!
8. This dress is twice as expensive as that one.
This is twice_____________ dress as that one.
（4）含有不定冠词的常考结构
have a cold
have a good time
have a gift for 有…的天赋have a word with 与…谈话at a blow 一下子
have/take a rest
have a holiday
make a living 谋生
get a lift/ ride 搭便车
go on a diet 节食
as a result
as a matter of fact as a rule 通常
after a while 一会后
in a hurry匆忙地
in a sense在某种意义上
in a word
in a moment立刻
once in a while偶尔
at a loss困惑
at a distance离一段距离
for a while暂时
once upon a time从前
all of a sudden突然
a waste of…
a matter of…
What a pity!真遗憾
with a score of以…的分数
have a population of有…人口
have a history of有…的历史
have an area of有…的面积
a collection of一批…
a knowledge of (=know) 知道
an understanding of (=understand)
懂得
注意：通常成对出现的名词（被视为一套或一体），一般只用一个不定冠词。如a knife and fork一副刀叉。冠词填空：
9. I don’t want to have words with you. I prefer to have______ word with you.
10. The power supply was cut off. All of ______ sudden, the lights went out.
11. China has ______ larger population than Canada.
12. The quality of the ambulance service is ______ matter of life and death.
定冠词
（1）用在表示特指的人或物的名词前。
The book on the desk is mine.
Would you mind turning down the radio a little? The baby is sleeping.
（2）用在姓氏复数前，表一家人或夫妇二人。
The Greens are at table.
The Chens are going to move to Taizhou.
（3）用在年代、朝代名词及逢十的数词（表某个年代）前或用在表示方位的名词前。
the Tang dynasty the Spring and Autumn Period in the 1990’s/1990s the south
（4）用在表度量衡单位的名词前，表示“每一”。如by the hour/ day/ week/ year/ dozen/ yard/ ton/ kilo/ thousand, 但size/ weight/ time这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。
We got paid by the month.
Meat is sold by weight.
（5）“the+形容词或分词”有时也可表类指。
the wounded伤员the dying垂死之人the unknown未知的事物the deaf聋子
the young年轻人the old老人the living生者the dead死者
（6）“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”结构中的the不可用物主代词代替。
take sb by the arm
An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.
此外，在be red in the face（脸红），be lame in the right leg（右腿瘸）, be blind in the left eye（左眼瞎）等结构中，名词前也要用the.
（7）用在某些固定结构中
in the end
in the daytime
get into/ in the habit of养成…习惯make the most/ best of充分利用
in the distance在远处
in the way挡路
on the whole总之
on the right/left
at the same time
at the moment
for the time being暂时in the public eye广为人知的
go to the doctor’s去看医生
by the way顺便说
the other day (=a few days ago)几天前on the radio/phone通过广播/电话
on the spot当场，在原地
to tell (you) the truth
go to the cinema
not in the least (=not at all)一点也不on the one hand…, on the other hand…for the most part整体上，通常，多半
零冠词
（1）不可数名词、复数名词表类指，用零冠词
My father went to his doctor for advice about his heart trouble.
（2）名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no ,any等指示代词、形容词性物主代词、限定词以及名词所有格等限定时不再用冠词。
She is not my type of woman.
He went to some place in France.
Each student must hand in his exercise book.
（3）零冠词的用法口诀
月、季、星期、节假、洲，
称呼、头衔、职务前；
三餐、球类、惯用语；
学科、棋类名词前。
A year can be divided into four seasons-spring, summer, autumn and winter.
He has no lessons on Sundays.
Mr. Li is chairman of the meeting.
（注：表示称呼、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补足语时用零冠词）
（4）高考中常见的纯不可数名词有：baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space（太空）, advice, word(=news), progress, information, news, luck, wealth（财富）等。以上不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用。Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.
（5）系动词turn（变成）后的的单数名词作表语，用零冠词。
Has he turned scientist?
（6）“零冠词+单数名词+as/though+主语+谓语+主句”，意为“虽然…，但是…”。
冠词的活用
（一）抽象/物主名词的具体化
（1）某些表示特性、状态、情感、情绪等的抽象名词，如果仅仅表“概念”，是不可数名词，表泛指时，要与零冠词连用；但如果这类词被具体化则表示具体的人或事物，表示泛指时，需与不定冠词连用。如：
surprise惊讶pleasure愉快pressure压力concern关心success成功failure失败comfort安慰pity同情worry担忧honor尊重wonder惊奇a surprise一件意外的事
a pleasure一件乐事
a pressure一种压力
a concern一件令人关切的事
a success一个/件成功的人/事
a failure一个/件失败的人/事
a comfort一个给人安慰的人或物a pity一件遗憾/可悲的事
a worry一件令人担忧的事
an honor一个引起尊敬的人或物a wonder一件令人惊讶的事
13. _______ S(s)uccess lies not so much in luck as in hard work.
14. His new book was _______ great success.
15. All my effort ended in ______ failure.
16. Of her plays, three were successes and one was ______ failure.
（2）rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food, drink, ice, chalk, sugar等物质名词可以被具体化成为可数名词，与不定冠词连用表示“一场，一种，一份…”。用复数形式表示类别、数量。如：
a heavy rain/snow 一场大雨/雪two drinks两杯饮料foods各种食品two teas两杯茶
（二）具体名词的抽象化
school, college, hospital, court, prison, bed, table, church等是可数名词，有具体的意义，但这类词可被抽象化从而只突出于之有关的活动，失去原来的具体意义。这时它们前需用零冠词。如：
go to school去上学at table在吃饭in prison蹲监狱go to church去做礼拜
（三）纯专有名词的普通化
纯专有名词被普通化时，被普通化的专有名词可与冠词连用。如：
He is a Lei Feng. 他是个活雷锋。
Is that a Monet? 那是莫奈的画吗？
冠词填空
17. Brain is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ______ Beethoven.
（四）表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前冠词活用
在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词（如：sun, moon, world, sky等）前，往往用定冠词，但当这些名词前有形容词作定语时，可不用定冠词表示泛指。如：
The moon travels around the earth. A new moon is hanging in the sky.
We have friends all over the world. They are trying to make a new world.
（五）形容词比较级前的冠词活用
形容词比较级前用定冠词表示“两者中较…的”，而不加定冠词时表示“更…”。most前用定冠词表示“三者或三者以上中最…的”，most前用不定冠词，并无比较含义，most=very.
.如：Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
It is a most useful book. (= a very useful)
冠词填空：
18. This pair of shoes is not fit for me. Would you showed me _____bigger pair?
19. He is ______ most diligent student in his class.
20. If we sit near______ front of the bus, we’ll have ______ better view.
（六）序数词前的冠词活用
“the+序数词”表顺序，而“a/an+ 序数词”表“又一，再一”；序数词修饰动词时，已成为副词，因此不必与冠词连用。如：
Can you give me a second chance, please?
He was only 5 years old when I first saw him. (adv.)
（七）零冠词用法口诀：月、季、星期、节假、洲，称呼、头衔、职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。但这种用法是相对而言的，在不同的句子中，可能会用到不定冠词或定冠词。因此，用哪种冠词要视情况而定。如：
Autumn is the harvest season.
The organization was founded in the spring of (the year) 2010.
George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was a Sunday because everybody was at church.
（八）表乐器的名词及man, word前的冠词活用
（1）西洋乐器名词前用定冠词，但当此类名词作普通名词时，可与不定冠词连用。此外，中国乐器前不用冠词。如：
play the piano; play the guitar; play erhu（二胡）
He is playing a borrowed violin.
（2）man作“男人，人”讲，word作“单词，话”讲时，这两个词为普通名词，根据需要与相应冠词连用，但man作人类, word作消息讲时，需与零冠词连用。如：
For a long time they walked without saying a word. Jim was the first to break the silence.
Word came that I was needed at home.
While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery which completely changed man’s understanding of colour.
（九）有无冠词的短语区别
go to school去上学
go to/ be in/ at church去/在做礼拜
go to bed上床睡觉
go to sea当海员
be in prison在坐牢
in front of在…（外部）的前面
sit at table坐在桌旁吃饭
by day在白天
go to the school(到学校去，不一定是去上学）
go to /be in/at the church(去/在教堂不一定是做礼拜) go to the bed向床走去
go to the sea去海边
be in the prison在监狱（不一定是犯人）in the front of在…（内部）的前面
sit at the table坐在桌旁（不一定吃饭）by the day按天计算
take place发生
in possession of sth拥有某物
take the place of代替
in the possession of sb为某人所拥有
in place of代替in the place of在…的地方
in future今后in the future将来
He is still in office.他仍在执政He is still in the office他仍在办公室里She is in class.她在上课She is in the class.她在那个班里There is still some food in store.食物尚有储存。
There is still some food in the store.那个仓库里还有些食物。
It is out of question.那是毫无疑问的（相当于beyond question）
It is out of the question.那是不可能的（相当于impossible）
He is in charge of the factory.他负责这个工厂。
The factory is in the charge of him.这个工厂由他负责。
答案：1.the 2. the; a 3. an; a 4. an 5. a 6. an 7. How interesting a 8. as expensive a
9. a 10. a 11. a 12. a 13. 不填14. a 15. 不填16.a 17. a 18. a 19. the 20. the; a
高频考点一不定冠词的基本用法
1.下列三种名词转化常用不定冠词
①抽象名词具体化
②物质名词具体化
③专有名词普通化
2.表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前有形容词修饰时，可加a/an.
3.a/an+修饰语+季节/月份/日期/三餐等。
4. a most+ n.= a very + n
5.a/an+ 比较级+ 单数名词，表示“一个更/比较…的…”
6.a/an+序数词，表示“又一，再一”。
高频考点二定冠词的基本用法
高考中对定冠词的考查主要集中在：1.定冠词表示特指。2.定冠词的固定搭配。做题时根据语境判断是泛指还是特指，特指的是什么。往往考查冠词的试题设两个空，需要分别做出判断。
冠词练习（一）
1.Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write a children’s book for many years ,but one thing or another always got in
___________ way.
2.I just heard ___________band where Dora works was robbed by __________ gunman ,wearing a mask .
3.___________ more learned a man is ,___________ more modest he usually becomes .
4.The paper is due next month ,and I am working seven days __________ week, often long into ___ night.
5.I can’t tell you __________ way to the Wilsons’ b ecause we don’t have _________ Wilson here in the village .
6.Life is like ___________ ocean :Only the strong-willed can reach the other shore .
7._________ village where I was born has grown into ______ town .
8.People develop ________preference for a particular style of learning at _________ early age and these preferences affect learning .
9.The parents were shocked by __________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.
10.It was ___________ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________ night sky.
11.India attained independence in 1947, after_________ long struggle .
12.The “Chinese Dream ” is __________ dream to improve people’s well-being and ________ dream of harmony ,peace
and development .
13.Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than man .
14.Four and ___________ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight ,and _______ break for cheese ,chocolate and tea with sugar.
15. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ______ thirteen century.
16.Sarah looked at __________finished painting with satisfaction.
17.He missed _________ gold in the high jump ,but will get _______ second chance in the long jump.
18.Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up_______ meat processing factory of his own one day.
19.I woke up with __________ bad headache ,yet by _________ evening the pain had gone .
20.The Smiths don’t usua lly like staying at hotels ,but last summary they spent a few days a very nice hotel by ______sea.
冠词练习（二）
1.----Why are you so crazy about music?
----Because I can always find in music _________peace that is missing in ________ world full of challengers.
2.Beijing has been chosen to host ________ 2022Winter Olympics and Paralympics, which is _________ great encouragement to all Chinese .
3.I tried to appear to ease when the foreign guest greeted me by kissing me on _________ cheek.
4.It is ________ common mistake for students to present something as a proven fact when it is actually _____
opinion.
5.Generally speaking ,in western countries ________ 15-percent tip is normal for most restaurants.
6.Raising _________ retirement age step by step is in line with China’s labor market realities and should be prioritized.
7.---Many people don’t think much of the movie .
---I think differently .In _______ way, it is a very good film .And _________ photographed scenes are very beautiful
8.---The program Running Man in Zhejiang Satellite turned ______ success. Have you seen it?
---It’s a pity I haven’t .But I have _________ rough i d ea of what it’s about.
9.---How nice ________ jacket is ！
---Thank you .I bought it on _______Internet.
10.Nelson Mandela ,who was elected president of South Africa in 1994, is generally regarded as _________ father of the country.
11. ---Have you heard of death of Nelson Mandela?
-----Oh, really ? It will be _______ shock to the world .
冠词练习（三）
When I walked down__1__Third Avenue，as__2__rule，I used to look into the windows of__3__old shop that sold old and beautiful things. Since I often took my walk after the closing time，I cupped my hands against__4__windows to get__5__small look at the treasures inside.
Some things looked as if they had not been cared for__6__long time，but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface. I even thought they were__7__most beautiful that I had ever seen. That was how I felt about old people，too. I knew their value，and it hurt me when others missed it. I was raised by my grandmother and given__8__deep sense of the value of experience. Taught to behave well，my sister and I respected other people，regardless of their age or color. My grandmother was loved by all__9__people around her. She was known to be__10__wise and kind woman，who was able to do things well even in her last years.
Old people should be treated as fine gold. They may be gradually tarnished(失去光泽) by age，but they can be polished with respect. You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities.
冠词练习答案（一）
1.the
2.the;a 3The ;the 4.a; the 5.the ;a 6.an 7.The ;a 8. a; an ; 9.the ;an 10. a; the 11.a 12.a;a
13.a 14.a;a 15.the ;the 16.the 17.the;a 18.a 19.a ;the 20.the
冠词练习答案（二）
1.the;a
2.the ;a
3.the
4.a;an
5.a;
6.the ;
7.a;the
8.a; a
9.the ;the 10.the
11.the;a
冠词练习答案（三）
[语篇解读]
本文为议论文。一些旧的东西虽然外表不再光鲜亮丽，但仍有内在的美，老年人也是如此。
如果老年人被善待，受到尊重，同样会焕发出新的活力。
1.解析:设空处后为序数词，且此处表示“次序”，故设空处应填定冠词the。答案:the
2.解析:as a rule为固定短语，意为:通常。答案:a
3.解析:在第三大街卖旧货的老店并非一家，故本空表示泛指，设空处后的old以元音音素开始，故设空处用
不定冠词an。
4.解析:设空处后的windows指的是那些老店铺的橱窗，表示特指，故填定冠词the。答案:the
5.解析:get a look at为固定短语，意为:看一眼。答案:a
6.解析:一些东西看上去好像很长时间没有人管了。for a long time很长时间。答案:a
7.解析:设空处后有most，且most在此处表示最高级，故设空处为the。答案:the
8．解析：我被我祖母养大并被赋予了领悟经验价值的能力。sense在本句中作“辨别，领悟”讲，sense在本句中表示泛指，故与不定冠词连用。答案：a
9．解析：设空处后的people在本句中表示特指，故设空处填the。答案：the
10．解析：众所周知，她是一位智慧而善良的女人。woman在本句中表示泛指，故设空处填不定冠词a。答案：a
高一英语语法专项训练练习及答案
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高中英语语法专项练习题(附带解析、讲解)
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