2012年1月广东省英语教育-英语语言学真题(06422)

2012年1月广东高等教育自学考试

英语语言学问卷(06422) 150分钟

I.Blank-fiiling (20%) '

Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.

1 .If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for "correct and standard" behavior in using language ,i.e. to tell people what they should say and what they should .not say ,it is said to be p ____________. .

2.A d__________ study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time.

3.According to Saussure，l________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.

4.D_______ means that language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.

5.If we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols only，we are adopting the b , transcription.

6.A p________ is an abstract unit, not a particular

sound，but it can be realized by a certain phone in a certain phonetic context.

7.When pitch，stress and sound length are tired to the s_______ rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation.

8. The m________unit of meaning is traditionally called a morpheme.

9. Inflectional morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part purely

G_______ markers，signifying such concepts as tense，number, case and so on.

10.Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain three elements : head , specifier , and c _______ .

11 .Concerning the study of meaning, the conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to, rather , in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of c_____ in the mind.

12.The sense relation between "sofa" and "furniture" is called h_______ .

13.C_____ is generally considered as constituted by the

knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer . It is an essential notion to the pragmatic study of language. 14. Idiolect is a p____ dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.

15.APEC is an a___ derived from the initials of "Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation".

16.According to Halliday ,”Language varies as it s f______ varies, it differs in different situations.”

17.Sapir and Whorf ’ s studies show that the structure of the language people habitually use influences the ways they think and behave. This interdependence of language and t___ is known as Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.

18.While the first language is acquired s______ , the second or foreign language is more commonly learned consciously.

19.Interlanguage refers to learners ’ i_____ system of the second language which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language.

20.Learning strategies are learners’ conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning e______ ,

II．Multiple choice (20%)

Choose the best answer to the following items.

21 .Who among the following linguists looks at language from a psychological point of view and consider language to be a property of the mind of each individual?

A. N. Chomsky

B. F. de Saussure

C. Leonard Bloomfield

D. M. A.K. Halliday

22.If a linguist is interested in what is said, not what he thinks ought to be said，he adopts a study of language .

A. descriptive

B. prescriptive

C. scientific

D. diachronic

23.Which of the following words ends with a velar voiceless stop?

A. god

B. box

C. cock

D. dog

24.Which of the following words contains a back, open and unrounded vowel?

A. god

B. boot

C. walk

D. park-

25.Which of the following is a glottal sound?

A. [h]

B.[k]

C.[g]

D. [?]

26.Which of the following indicates an implied message in what is said?

A. The fall-rise tone. B .The falling tone. C. The rising tone. D. The rise-fall tone.

27.The underlined morphemes in the following are all inflectional morphemes EXCEPT .

A. tables

B. sooner

C. painter’ s

D. painter

28 The sentence “We need more intelligent leaders.” is ambiguous, because the sentence may have different .

A .deep structures B. surface structures , C. linear orders D. morphological structures .

29.The pair of words "charge and rebuke is called .

A. dialectal synonyms

B. stylistic synonyms

C. collocational synonyms

D. semantically different synonyms

30.The sense relation for the pair of words "above" and "below" is .

A. synonyms

B. hyponymy

C. antonymy

D. homonymy

3l. X : John’ s bike needs repairing.

Y : John has a bike.

The sense relation between the above sentence is .

A.X is synonymous with Y

B.X is consistent with Y

C.X presupposes Y

D.X entails Y

32.The sentence "Yesterday Nancy lost her purse in the street ." may be analyzed as a case of ________ predication.

A one-place B. two-place C. three-place D. no-place

33.According to Searles ’ s classification of speech acts, which of the following is an instance representative? A. I fired you! B.I’m so sorry for the mess I have made.

C. Your money or your life!

D.I have never seen the man before.

34.Change in negation rule belongs to change.

A. sound

B. morphological

C. syntactic

D. semantic

35.A.Shall we get something for the kids?

B: Yes .but I veto I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M.,

Speaker B obviously violates the maxim of .

A. quantity

B. quality

C. relation

D. manner

36.Which of the following words is formed by means of blending? ,

A. smog

B.UNESCO

C. baby-sit D .disco

37.According to Halliday, tenor of discourse refers the of communication.

A. subject

B. participants

C. situation

D. means

38.Conceming the behaviorist view of language acquisition, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Language is taken as a set of behaviors.

B. Language learning is a matter of imitation.

C. Reinforcement is especially important for forming correct linguistic behavior.

D. Behaviorism can better explain how children acquire complex language system.

39.Instances of mother tongue interference can be found at the level of .

A. pronunciation

B. vocabulary

C. syntax

D. pronunciation, vocabulary and syntax

40. Strategies involved in analyzing, synthesis, and internalizing what has been learned belong to strategies.

A. cognitive

B. metacognitive

C. social

D. communicative

III. True or false judgement. (20%)

Judge whether the following statements are true or false, write T for a true statement and F for a false one.

41 .According to Saussure, what linguists should do is to abstract langue from parole, i. e. , to discover the regularities governing the actual use of language.

42. Language is arbitrary in the sense that we can use words freely without the confinement of time and space.

43. Inviting, suggesting, requesting, advising, warning, threatening, ordering are all specific instances of commissives .

44. The surface structure and the deep structure of a

certain sentence look the same when transformations are not necessary.

45.Wh-movement can apply not only to wh-questions but also to relative clauses.

46.In communication it will never be the case that what is grammatical is not acceptable, and what is ungrammatical may not be inappropriate.

47.If the conversational participants do not strictly observe the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle, it is impossible for the conversation to go on.

48.The same word may stir up different associations in people under different cultural speech comprehension.

49.If a child is derived of linguistic environment , he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.

50.The interlingual errors mainly result from faulty or partial learning of the target language, independent of the native language.

IV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%)

51 .What does "productivity" mean as one of the design features of human language?

52. Illustrate assimilation rule

53. Illustrate predication analysis with an example.

54.What situation does bilingualism refer to?

55. Explain Input Hypothesis by Krashen.

V. Essay question ( 15%)

56.Illustrate with examples how "sense” and "reference" differ from each other in lexical semantics. And how

are they related to each other?

部分参考答案（非官方答案，但大部分正确）：

1. prescriptive

2. diachronic

3. langue

4. Displacement

5. broad

6. phoneme

7. sentence

8. minimal

9.grammatical 10. complement

11.concepts 12. hyponymy 13. Context 14. personal 15. acronym

16. function 17. thought 18. subconsciously 19. independent 20. efficiency

21. A 22.A 23.C 24.D 25. A 26. D 27. D 28.D 29. C 30.C

31. C 32.B 33.D 34. C 35.D 36. A 37.

D 38.D 39.D 40.A

41.T 42.F 43. F 44.T 45.T 46. F 47. F 48.F 49. T 50.F

51. language is productive and creative in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users.

52. The “assimilation rule” assimilates one segment to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones more similar.

53. The predication analysis, proposed by Leech, is a way to analyze the sentence meaning. A sentence, composed

of a subject and predicate, is a basic unit for grammatical relation. The basic unit for meaning analysis is called predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.

For example: It is hot.(no-place predication): (BE HOT) Children like sweets.( two-place predication) CHILDREN, SWEET(LIKE)

John is ill. (one-place predication) : JOHN(BE ILL) 54. It has been observed that in some speech communities, two languages are used side by side with each having a different role to play; and language switching occurs when the situation changes. This constitutes the situation of bilingualism.

55. Krashen assumed that there were two independent means or routes of SL learning: acquisition and learning.

56. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form; it is abstract and decontextualized .For example: the word “dog”is given the definition “a domesticated canine mammal ,occurring in many breeds that show a great variety in size an form.”

Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience. For example, if we say “The dog is sparking”, we must be talking about a certain dog existent in the situation; the word “dog” refers to a dog known to both the speaker and the hearer. This is the reference of the w ord “dog” in this particular situation. Relationship: Sense and reference are interdependent, because one would not normally know the one without having at least some knowledge of the other.

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英语语言学试题（2）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分) 1. The pair of words “lend”and “borrow” are ___. A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites C. co-hyponyms D. synonyms 2. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar____ . A. Jacob Grimm B. Rasmus Rask C. Franz Bopp D. Sir William Jones 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as ___. A. unusual B. something to be feared C. abnormal D. natural 4. ___produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense, often as unintelligible. A. Broca's aphasic B. The linguistic deprivation C. The damage on the angular gyrus D. Wernicke's aphasic 5. Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”. This shows:___ A. They cannot pronounce/n/ B. Interlangue interference because there is not the sound /n/in their mother tongue C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6. A word with several meanings is called __word. A. a polysemous B. a synonymous C. an abnormal D. a multiple 7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?” is __. A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative 8. The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary. A. usage B. grammar C. pronunciation D. structure 9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space. A. Linguistic geography B. Lexicology C. Lexicography D. Sociolinguistics 10.The semantic c omponents of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __. A. +animate, +male, +human,-adult B. +animate, +male, +human, +adult C. +animate, -male, +human,-adult D. +animate,-male,+ human, +adult 二、填空题(每空1分，共10分) 11. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement, q ________or command. 12. In sociolinguistic studies, speakers are treated as members of s____ g________. 13. Utterance is based on ________ ________ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context. 14. To many people, a linguist is the same as a ________, one who can speak several languages fluently. 15. Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v____, while all vowel sounds are v________. 三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分) 16. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( ) 17. Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( ) 18. Linguistics is the course of language.( ) 19. The part of a sentence which comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called

英语专业英语语言学期末复习总结.doc

英语语言学一、名词解释第一课共时性 : Said of an approach that studies language at a theoretical“point\A kind”inoftimedescription. which takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present), as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind. 语言 : The abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community. : Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbol used for human communication. 任意性 : One design feature of human language, which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 第二课音位 : Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning. The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit that is of distinctive value. 音位变体 : The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environment are called the allophones of that phoneme. pair 最小对立体 : When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the stings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair. 第三课形态学 : Morphology is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed . morphemes派生词素: Some morphemes which change the category or grammatical class of words are ca lled morphemes 曲折词素 : Some bound morphemes which are for the most part purely grammatical markers and signify such concepts as tense, number, case and so on. 第四课语法句法: A branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences. categories 句法范畴 : Words can be grouped together into a relatively small number of classes, called syntactic categories. structure 深层结构 : Formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’ s subcategorizationrties,iscalledprope deep structure or D- structure. structure 表层结构 : Corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations, is called Surface structure or S- structure. 第五课指称 : Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience. 同音异义 : Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form, . different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. 上下义关系 : Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word. 第六课语用学 : Pragmatics can be defined as the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. 话语 : a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication. meaning 话语意义 : Utterance is based on sentence meaning; it is realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context. act 言外行为 : An illocutionary act is the act expressing the speaker it is the’acts performedintention; in saying something.