00015英语二(2012版)讲义第01章

Unit 1 The Power of Language

学习方法指南

五个方面把握文章

1）词 2）句 3）篇 4）义

5）背诵或复述重点段落（当天重复，第二天再重复，七天后再重复）

课后习题

1）结合课文里出现的点，完成题目

2）标记不熟练的题目，当天重复一遍，第二天再重复一遍，考前再重复一遍

Unit 1 The Power of Language

A FAMOUS QUOTE

Language is the dress of thought.

--Samuel Johnson

语言是思维的外衣。

--塞缪尔?约翰逊

Text A Critical Reading

Pre-reading questions

1.Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading?

2.What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?

Vocabulary 词汇

四点要求

1.音

2.义

3.衍生变化

4.用法/搭配

New Words

critical adj.involving making fair, careful judgments about the good and bad qualities of

somebody/something 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎的）

non-fiction n.books, articles or texts about real facts, people and events 纪实文学

position n.an opinion on or an attitude towards a particular subject 观点；态度；立场

statement n.something that you say or write that gives information or an opinion 说明；说法；表态question v.to have or express doubts or suspicions about something 表示疑问；怀疑

evaluate vt.to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of something after thinking about it

carefully 估计；评价，评估

context n.the situation in which something happens and that helps you to understand it （事情发生的）背景，环境，来龙去脉

value n.values [pl.] beliefs about what is right and wrong and what is important in life 是非标准；价值观

represent v.to present or describe somebody/something in a particular way 描述；表现

assertion n.a statement saying that you strongly believe something to be true 明确肯定；断言

sufficient adj.enough for a particular purpose 足够的；充足的

statistic n.statistics [pl.] a collection of information shown in numbers 统计数字；统计资料

integrate v.to combine two or more things so that they work together （使）合并，成为一体

authority n.a person with special knowledge 专家；学术权威；泰斗

compare v.to examine people or things to see how they are similar and how they are different 比较；对比

subject n.a thing or person that is being discussed, described or dealt with 主题；题目；题材

consistent adj.in agreement with something 相符的；符合的

inconsistency n.a situation in which two statements are different and cannot both be true 不一致assumption n.a belief or feeling that something is true or that something will happen, although there

is no proof 假定；假设

case n.a particular situation or a situation of a particular type 具体情况；事例

directly adv.in a direct line or manner 直接地；径直地

identify v.to find or discover somebody/something 找到；发现

valid adj.based on what is logical or true 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的

credible adj.that can be believed or trusted 可信的；可靠的

landmark n.an event, a discovery, an invention, ect.that marks an important stage in something （标志重要阶段的）里程碑

relevant adj.closely connected with the subject you are discussing or the situation you are thinking

about 紧密相关的；切题的

current adj.happening now 现时发生的；当前的

appropriate adj.suitable, acceptable or correct for the particular circumstances 合适的；恰当的bias n.a strong feeling in favour of or against one group of people, or one side in an argument, often.not based on fair judgement 偏见；偏心；偏向

considerably adv.much; a lot 非常；很；相当多地

Democrat n.a member or supporter of the Democratic Party of the US （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者Republican n.a member or supporter of the Republican Party of the US （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持

者

reflect v.to show or be a sign of the nature of something or of somebody's attitude or feeling 显示；表明；表达

informed adj.having or showing a lot of knowledge about a particular subject or situation 有学问的；有见识的

重点词汇

critical adj.involving making fair, careful judgments about the good and bad qualities of

somebody/something 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎的）

eg: Try to develop a more critical attitude, instead of accepting everything at face value.要学会对一切事物一丝不苟, 而不要注重表面现象.

其他用法：of or at a crisis; decisive; crucial 危机中的；危急时刻的；决定性的；关键的

eg: We are at a critical time in our history.我们正处于历史的紧要关头。

衍生：criticize, criticise vt.

① ~ sb/sth （for sth） point out the faults of sb/sth 批评某人[某事物]；挑剔；非难

eg: Stop criticizing （my work）! 别再挑剔（我那作品）了!

② form and express a judgment on （ a work of art, literature, etc）评论（艺术﹑文学等作品）

eg: teaching students how to criticize poetry 向学生讲授评论诗歌的方法

criticism n.looking for faults; pointing out faults 批评

evaluate vt.to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of something after thinking about it

carefully 估计; 评价，评估

eg: I can't evaluate his ability without seeing his work.我没有看到他的工作情况, 无法评论他的能力。

衍生: Val=value, worth价值

valuable（有价值的）, invaluable（无法估价的）, devaluate（贬值）, evaluate（估价）, undervalue（低估）

consistent adj.in agreement with something 相符的；符合的

用法: be ~ with sth

eg：What you say now is not consistent with what you said last week.你现在说的话与你上星期说过的话

不相符。

衍生：consistency一致

inconsistency不一致

identify vt.to find or discover somebody/ something 找到；发现

eg：She identified the man as her attacker.她认出那个男人就是袭击过她的人。

衍生：identification n.means of proving who one is; official papers that do this 身份证明

eg： Can I see your identification, please? 请给我看看你的身分证件行吗?

identity n who or what sb/sth is 身份

eg：There is no clue to the identity of the thief.没有确定窃贼身份的线索。

identity card （also ID card）身份证（通常有相片，供本人携带或佩带）

credible adj.that can be believed or trusted 可信的；可靠的

eg: a credible witness/statement/report 可信的证人/陈词/报道

衍生：-able/ible“可,的，能,的”

believable可信的，acceptable 可接受的，desirable值得要的，accessible可接近，flexible 灵活的credibility n.quality of being believable 可信性；可靠性

-ability/ibility“可,性”：

eg: adaptability 适应能力, dependability 可靠性

apply vi.

①~ （to sb/sth） be relevant （to sb/sth）; have an effect （与某人/某物）有关；有效；适用

eg: These rules don't always apply.这些规则并非总能行得通。

②make a formal request 申请；请求

apply for sth

eg: apply for a post/passport/visa 申请职位/护照/签证

apply to sb

eg: I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them.我申请了四所大学，并都被他们录取了。

课文学习

议论文

把握观点：中心观点、段落观点

把握结构：文章结构、段落结构、衔接手段

topic sentence （主题句）

＝topic （主题）＋ controlling idea（观点）

篇章核心，段落灵魂

Beijing is a modern city.

Beijing is an ancient city.

结构

总——分——总总——分

段落构成

1.主题句（Topic Sentence）：点出段落的主题（谈论什么）。

2.扩展句（Developing Sentence）：说明和支持主题。

3.结尾句（Concluding Sentence）：得出结论。

文章

观点——论证——结论

Text A Critical Reading

Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to

make a statement.Critical reading is active reading.It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying.Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying.Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.

Consider the context of what is written.You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours.Or, you may be reading something written some t ime ago in a different time context than yours.In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between

your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.

Question assertions made by the author.Don't accept what is written at face value.Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made.Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support.Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of

authorities.

Compare what is written with other written work on the subject.Look to see that what is written is

consistent with what others have written about the subject.If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.

Analyze assumptions made b y the author.Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions.In many cases, the author's assumptions are not directly stated.This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions.Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether

or not the assumption is valid.

Evaluate the sources the author uses.In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible.For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics.Also be certain that the sources are relevant.Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current.For example,

studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the

current state of knowledge in physics.

Identify any possible author bias.A written discussion of American politics will likely look

considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican.What is written may

very well reflect a biased position.You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the

author has written.That is, take what is written with "a grain of salt."

By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.

Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own

opinions about what the author is saying.Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.

1）Consider the context of what is written.

2）Question assertions made by the author.

3）Compare what is written with other written book on the subject.

4）Analyze assumptions made by the author.

5）Evaluate the sources the author uses.

6）Identify any possible author bias.

语法学习

1.把握结构，理解内涵

2.结合例句，结合文章

关系副词引导的定语从句

①先行名词+where/ in（on/at） which

eg: College is a place where/in which we learn how to learn.大学是学会如何学习的地方。

Forest is a place where people can get close to nature.森林是可以接近自然的地方。

②先行名词+when/in（on/at） which

eg: I'll never forget the day when we first met in the park.我将永远不会忘记我们在公园第一次相遇的那一天。

③先行名词+why/for which

eg: Do you know the reason why he didn't come to the meeting yesterday morning？你知道他为什么没有参加昨天早上会议的原因吗？

What is active reading? What is a critical reader?

Exercises I

1.Reading non-fiction writing critically involves ___.

A.supporting the author's opinion

B.developing your own opinions

C.understanding what is written

D.reading without any imagination

[答疑编号506430010301：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】此题为句意理解题。由文中第。一段Critical reading involves questioning

and evalating what the author is saying,and forming your own opinions about what the

author is saying 可知，非文学类作品的批评性阅读是要提出自己的观点和摆明自己的态度，

选项B,即提出自己的观点，最为恰当。答案为B。

2.Before accepting what is written in an article, you should be sure that______.

A.enough support for the assertions has been given

B.your values and attitudes have been, reflected in it

C.it has been checked from an authoritative source

D.you have found the differences in the writing styles

[答疑编号506430010302：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】此题为句意理解题。由文中第三段第三句，Before acceiting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made 可知，选项A符合文中意思，即你在接受作者的观点之前，要确信有足够的论据支持作者的论

点。答案为A。

3.If there are some inconsistent points in the article, you should________.

A.insist on your own opinion and confirm it

B.avoid mentioning the inconsistencies

C.emphasize the work of authorities

D.examine the author's supportive statements

[答疑编号506430010303：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】此题为句意理解题。由文中第四段末句，If there are inconsistehcies,

carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the incbnsistencies 可知，选项D最符令原文＊即如果文章中有不一致的观点时，你要仔细阅读并检查作者所提出的支

持其论点的论证。答案为D。

4.Einstein is a relevant source when the article is about_________

A.physical breakthroughs

B.the subject of poetry

C.studies in current physics

D.credible writing Sources

[答疑编号506430010304：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】此题为细节题。由文中第六段第三句,Einstein is a credible source if the

author is writing about landmark achievements in physics 可知，如果文章讲的是关于物理学的突破时，爱因斯坦就是相关的例子。答案为A。

5.The author believes that by being a critical reader you can________ .

A.remember what is written clearly

B.eliminate your own discrimination

C.have much more knowledge

D.spend more time in reading

[答疑编号506430010305：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】此题为文章大意总结题。由课文最后一段结束句，By being a critical reader,

you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate 可知，课

文结束说通过做一名有判断力的读者，你会变得见多识广，也能使你的观点更恰当，所以选

项C最符合课文的意思。答案为C。

Exercise II

Section A

名词后缀

-ability, -ibility credible-credibility

-ence,ency independent-independence

efficient-efficiency

-ment move-movement, agree-agreement

-ion, -sion, -tion act-action, elect-election

副词后缀

-ly careful-carefully, possible-possibly

前缀

否定前缀

in- inaccurate, incapable, injustice

在m, p, b前变成im- immoral, impossible, imbalance

1.These results are _____ with the findings of the previous study.（consistent, consistency）

[答疑编号506430010306：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】consistent

【答案解析】be consistent with, 固定短语，意为与,,相符。其中be动词are后面应

该是表语形容词consistent，而consistency 是名词形式。答案为consistent。

2.We were not surprised by their_____ that the train services would be reduced.（state, statement）

[答疑编号506430010307：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】statement

【答案解析】statement，名词，说明、表态，而state 表示“陈述”时是动词，做名词解时

是“国度”的意思。答案为statement。

3.The statistics ______a change in people's spending habits.（reflect, reflection）

[答疑编号506430010308：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】reflect

【答案解析】译文：此统计数据反映了人们消费习惯方面的变化。这里句子缺少的是谓语动

词，而reflection是名词。reflect，动词，显示、表明。答案为reflect。

4.I'm afraid your driving license is______ in Eastern Europe.（valid, invalid）

[答疑编号506430010309：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】invalid

【答案解析】译文：我担心你的驾驶执照在东欧无效。invalid 是valid 的反义词，意为“无

效的”。答案为invalid。

5.Twenty-five dollars was______ more than he had expected to pay （considerable, considerably）

[答疑编号506430010310：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】considerably

【答案解析】译文：二十五美元比他原来估计的多多了。considerably，副词，很，非常，

相当多地。答案为considerably。

6.Direct _______ between the two languages is not possible.（compare, comparison）

[答疑编号506430010311：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】comparison

【答案解析】译文：直接对比两种语言是不可能的。这里空格处的单词是主语中心词，主语

中心词不能是动词。comparison, 名词，表示“比较，对比”；compare 是其动词形式。答

案为comparison。

Section B

assumption landmark

critical evaluate

represent identify

credible appropriate

1.In my opinion, there was no _____evidence against him.

[答疑编号506430010312：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】credible

【答案解析】句意：我的意见是，没有反对他的可信的证据。这里against sb.指的是反对某人。形容词credible 意为可信的。答案为credible。

2.Even the smallest baby can _____its mother by her voice.

[答疑编号506430010313：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】identify

【答案解析】句意：甚至最小的小婴儿都可以通过声音来识别辫认出他的母亲。本空缺少谓

语动词，identify 意为辨认，辨识，符合题意。答案为identify。

3.People tend to make _____ about you based on your appearance.

[答疑编号506430010314：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】assumption

【答案解析】句意：人们容易根据你的外表做出一些假设。本空缺少宾语，应选用名词。

assumption为名词，意为假设、假定，符合题意。答案为assumption。

4.This new report_____ the current situation in our schools.

[答疑编号506430010315：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】represent

【答案解析】句意：这篇新闻报道描述了我们学校目前的状况。其中represent，动词，描述、表现，此处要注意时态。答案为represents。

5.The performance of each employee is ____ once a year.

[答疑编号506430010316：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】evaluated

【答案解析】句意：每年，每一位员工的表现每年都会被评估一次。注意此句子中的被动语

态，员工绩效被评估，所以动词evaluate 应为被动式evaluated。答案为evaluated。

6.We need to ensure that the teaching they receive is _____to their needs.

[答疑编号506430010317：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】appropriate

【答案解析】句意：我们需要确保他们所接受的教育适合他们的需求。appropriate 是形容词，指的是“合适的”。答案为appropriate。

Section C

1.That bit of the form is for UK citizens 一 it doesn't apply ____ you.

[答疑编号506430010318：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】to

【答案解析】译文：表格的那一部分是针对英国公民的，和你没关系。apply to，固定搭配，应用，使用。答案为to。

2.Arguments were put ____ for changing some of the rules of the game.

[答疑编号506430010319：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】forth

【答案解析】译文：争议之所以产生，是因为要修改该项运动的一些规则。put forth，固定搭配，提出，产生。答案为forth。

3.When judging his performance, don't take his age ____ account.

[答疑编号506430010320：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】into

【答案解析】take...into account ，固定搭配，考虑到，顾及。答案为into。

4.He's universally recognized as an authority ____ Russian affairs.

[答疑编号506430010321：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】in

【答案解析】译文：在俄罗斯事务方面，他被公认为是一个专家。答案为on。

5.Just compare the one that has been cleaned ____ the others.

[答疑编号506430010322：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】with

【答案解析】compare...with, 为固定搭配，把,,和,,做对比，比较。compare t。把,,

比作。答案为with。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/6512198890.html,cation should be relevant ____ the child's needs.

[答疑编号506430010323：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】to

【答案解析】be relevant to，固定搭配，有关的，相关的。答案为to。

Unit 1 Text B

The language of Confidence

New Words

confidence n. a belief in your own ability to do things and be successful 自信心program v. to make a person, an animal, etc. to behave in a particular way, so that it happens automatically 训练；培养

mastery n. control or power 控制；驾驭

destiny n. what happens to somebody or what will happen to them in the future, especially things that they cannot change or avoid 命运；天命；天数

dramatically adv. suddenly, greatly and often surprisingly 巨大地；惊人地；显著地

quality n. the standard of something when it is compared to other things like it; how good or bad sth

is 质量；品质

subconscious adj. connected with feelings that influence your behavior even though you are not aware

of them 下意识的；潜意识的

please v. to make somebody happy 使满意；使愉快

command n. an order given to a person or an animal（给人或动物的）命令

knowingly adv. while knowing the truth or likely result of what you are doing 故意地；蓄意地

impact n. the powerful effect that something has on somebody/something巨大影响；强大作用

matter v. to be important or have an important effect on somebody/something 事关紧要；有重大影响confident adj. feeling sure about your own ability to do things and be successful 自信的；有自信心的

sense n. a feeling about something important（对重大事情的）感觉，意识

eliminate v. to remove or get rid of something 排除；清除；消除

disempower v. to reduce the amount of control that someone has over a situation or over their life 剥夺；使失去权利

self-esteem n. a feeling of being happy with your own character and abilities 自尊心

limit v. to stop something from increasing beyond a particular amount or level 限制；限定

infinite adj. very great, impossible to measure 极大的；无法衡量的

stifle v. to prevent something from happening 压制; 扼杀；阻止

creativity n. the ability to use your imagination to produce new ideas, make things, etc. 创造力internal adj. happening or existing in your mind 内心的；头脑中的

insignificant adj. not big or valuable enough to be considered important 微不足道的；无足轻重的commonly adv. usually, very often 通常；常常

alternative n. a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more possibilities 可供选择的事物

fabulous adj. extremely good 极好的；绝妙的

Phrases and Expressions

carry out to do and complete a task 完成（任务）

be up to to be for somebody to decide 取决于

have an impact on/upon to have a powerful effect on somebody/something 对,产生巨大影响

rub ... out to remove the marks made by a pencil, etc.用橡皮擦掉（字迹等）

be in control of to direct or manage an organization, an area or a situation 掌管；管理；控制

重点单词

confidence n. a belief in your own ability to do things and be successful 自信心

用法： to have/lose confidence in sb. 对某人抱有[失去]信心

eg: I have little confidence in him. 我对他没有什么信心。

衍生： confident adj. feeling sure about your own ability to do things and be successful 自信的；有自信心的

confident of sth/that... 自信的；有信心的；有把握的

eg: feel confident of succeeding/that one will succeed 有信心能成功

quality n. the standard of something when it is compared to other things like it; how good or bad sth

is 质量；品质

用法： be of poor/good/high etc. quality 质量差/好/高

eg: Much of the land was of poor quality. 很多土地质量差。

Use only high quality ingredients.使用高质量原料。

衍生：qualify v. have or give（sb） the qualities, training, etc. that are necessary or suitable（for sth）（使）（某人）具有资格；给（某人）某种资格；（使）合格

eg: I won't qualify until next year. 我明年才具备资格。

qualified adj. having completed the relevant training or examination 经过训练或考试的；有资格的；合

格的；及格的

eg: a qualified doctor 合格的医生

subconscious adj. connected with feelings that influence your behavior even though you are not aware

of them 下意识的；潜意识的

eg:the subconscious self 潜意识的自我

衍生：sub-＝ under 在,之下

subway（地铁）， submarine（潜水艇）

conscious adj. aware; noticing 知道的；察觉的；注意到的

eg: be conscious of being watched/that one is being watched 察觉有人在监视自己

consciousness n. all the ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc. of a person or people 意识

eg：attitudes that are deeply ingrained in the English consciousness 深深扎根于英国人意识中的看法matter v. to be important or have an important effect on somebody/something 事关紧要；有重大影响用法：matter（to sb）

eg：What does it matter（whether he comes or goes）?（他来也好去也好）那有什么关系?

It doesn't matter to me what you do. 你做什么我都无所谓。

disempower v. to reduce the amount of control that someone has over a situation or over their life 剥夺；使失去权利

衍生：dis-＝除去，剥夺

disable（使丧失能力）， disarm（解除武装）， discourage（使失去勇气）， discover（发现）

em-, en-＝使

embody（体现）， empower（授权）， encourage（鼓励）， endanger（使危险）

The Language of Confidence

The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to

dramatically improve our quality of life.

Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn't really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is

eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it -- whether you do this knowingly

or not is entirely up to you.

"Try"

It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, "I'll try to do that" you

know that they are not going to be pulling their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How

often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll try to

be more confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"?

Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different

ways.Firstly say, "I'll try to, " and notice how you feel. Next say, "I will do," and see how you feel.

The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn't it? It gives you a sense of determination,

a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try notice if

it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.

"Can't"

This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and

damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.

Instead of saying you can't, why not say something like "I choose," or "I choose not to,". Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.

Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering

your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.

What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not

only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!

链接→电影《铁娘子TheIronLady》

Watch your thoughts, for they become words.

Watch your words, for they become actions.

Watch your actions, for they become habits.

Watch your habits, for they become your character.

Watch your character, for it becomes your destiny.

What we think, we become.

积思成言。积言成行。积行成习。积习成性。积性成命。思想决定人生的高度。

EXERCISES

I Check Your Comprehension.

Section A

Directions: Read the following statements and mark Y（for Yes）if the statement agrees with the information given in the text; N（for NO）if the statement contradicts the information given in the text;

NG（for Not Given）if the information is not given in the text.

（）https://www.360docs.net/doc/6512198890.html,ing our language in the best way is significant for the improvement of our life.

[答疑编号506430010501：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】判断的根据在课文第一段第三句，it is important to use the language in the

best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.答案为Y。

（）2.We can knowingly make our command carried out without using a word.

[答疑编号506430010502：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】NG

【答案解析】判断的根据在课文第二段末句，It is eager to please and willing to carry

out any commands t hat you give it ---whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.由此可知，题干中without using a word 文中未提及。答案为NG。

（）3.If we use the word try, we may not make efforts to achieve the things that we want to do.

[答疑编号506430010503：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】文中第三段提到they are not going to be putting their whole heart into

it, and may not even do it at all.答案为Y。

（）4.We can improve our life by saying the word try in our daily life.

[答疑编号506430010504：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】N

【答案解析】文章通篇都是说try和can't 等这些小词对我们生活的负面影响，即想要让我们过得好一些，就不要在日常生活中使用它们。即本句话有误。答案为N。

（）5.We can use a word that makes us feel great to help us feel powerful.

[答疑编号506430010505：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】文中说，some small words disempower us和these alternative words make you feel fabulous，也就是说we can use a word that makes us feel great to help us feel powerful.答案为Y。

（）6.Though some words may seem small, they can help us do everything we want.

[答疑编号506430010506：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】N

【答案解析】文中说，这些小词对我们有深刻而持久的影响，和help us do everything we want 表达的含义差距很远。答案为N。

Section B

Direction:Complete the following sentences with the information given in the text.

1._______________________ helps us be in control of our lives and destinies.

[答疑编号506430010507：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Mastering our language

【答案解析】课文第一段第二句给出了相关信息：Mastering our language... and our

destinies，由此我们可以总结出题干的答案应为mastering our language，注意首字母大写。

答案为Mastering our language。

2.Any words can have a dramatic influence on _______________________.

[答疑编号506430010508：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】our subconscious mind

【答案解析】第二段首句说到Even the smallest of words can have the deepest... mind，这句话是说甚至是最小的那些单词也会对我们的潜意识产生深刻的影响。因此与题干含义相

吻合。答案为our subconscious mind。

3.When we say "I will do,", we will get a sense of _______________________.

[答疑编号506430010509：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】determination

【答案解析】文章第四段列举了I'll try to和I'll do的例子来说明两者的区别。紧接着下一段指出后者给你一种determination的感觉，即有决心完成此事。答案为determination。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/6512198890.html,ing words like "I choose," can help us regain _______________________.

[答疑编号506430010510：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】the power

【答案解析】文中说，using words like this allows you to take back your power,其

中take back your power 中的take back与题干中的regain意思相同。答案为the power。

5.Mastering our language helps us get the power to _______________________ .

[答疑编号506430010511：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】live whatever life you desire

【答案解析】倒数第二段最后一句指出Mastering your language, you desire,与题干含义相符。答案为live whatever life you desire.

6.We can write _______________________ next to a list of words we usually use.

[答疑编号506430010512：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】alternatives

【答案解析】最后一段指出Make a list of words you,can use，意为请列一个清单，写出你常使用的单词，然后在它们旁边写出你可以用来替换掉它们的单词。所以本题应填入

alternatives。答案为alternatives。

IV Writing

Section A

Directions:The following sentences are grammatically incorrect or incoherent.Improve them.

1.When dipped in mustard, Sam said the sausage was excellent.

[答疑编号506430010513：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】When dipped in mustard,Sam said,the sausage was excellent.

【答案解析】此句中，状语从句的动词dip是被动式，这个动作的逻样主语是sausage，不是Sam，这不符合语法规则，修改时，可以将Sam said改成插入语就可以了。答案为When dipped in mustard,Sam said,the sausage was excellent.

2.A Frenchman murdered two wives he didn't like their cooking.

[答疑编号506430010514：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】 A Frenchman murdered two wives because he didn't like their cooking.

【答案解析】英语中两个句子不能简单地并排在一起构成一个比较复杂的句子，它们通常需

要用表达它们之间关系的连词连接在一起。很显然，本题表达的是原因关系。答案为 A Frenchman murdered two wives because he didn't like their cooking.

3.Annie's dress was old, faded, and it had wrinkles.

[答疑编号506430010515：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Annie's dress was old,faded, and wrinkled.

【答案解析】英语讲究句子平衡，这种平衡就包括如果表语不只一个，那么几个表语的结构

要相同。此句中，old和faded 是两个形容词，而it had wrinkles 是句子，这样是不可以的。修改时只要把句子表语改成形容词就可以了。it had wrinkles的意思是“裙子有褶子”,wrinkled 这个形容词就可以表达这个意思。答案为Annie's dress was old，faded,and wrinkled.

4.The need for jobs will make us develop our industries. It causes environmental problems.

[答疑编号506430010516：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】The need for the jobs will make us develop our industries,but the jobs

will cause environmental problems.

【答案解析】此题中，第二句的主语it指代的是前面提到的the need for jobs,the need for jobs的中心词是need，可以按句子意思，导致环境问题的是jobs，而不是need。而且，原句的两个句子之间是转折关系，所以修改时，我们用转折连词将它们连在一起。答案为The need for the jobs will make us develop our industries,but the jobs will cause

environmental problems.

5.My new running shoes fell apart during the marathon which cost more than a hundred dollars.

[答疑编号506430010517：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】My new running shoes, which cost more than a hundred dollats,fell apart

during the marathon.

【答案解析】这个句子是典型的定语从句与先行词分家导致的意思不清，原句中which cost more than a hundred dollars 花了一百多块，位于marathon 马拉松后面，做marathon 的定语从句，显然是不符合句子意思的。修改时只要把这个定语从句和它的中心词shoes放在一起就可以了。答案为My n ew running shoes, which cost more than a hundred dollats,fell apart during the marathon.

Section B

Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully. Cross out two sentences that do not help to develop the controlling idea.

Philip Randolph, the great African-American champion of labour and civil rights, led confrontation with three very popular presidents. Mr. Randolph called for a march on Washington by thousands of

African-Americans on July 1, 1941, if President Roosevelt would not take action to end discrimination in

defense industries during World War II. Mr. Randolph was born in Florida. After much delay, the president

met with Randolph, and one week later opened many defense jobs to black workers. A few years later, in 1948, Mr. Randolph threatened mass civil disobedience if President Truman did not end segregation against

African-Americans in the military.On July 26, Truman approved the order that integrated the armed services. The last confrontation was with John F. Kennedy, who sought to stop the 1963 civil rights march on Washington. The march featured the Reverend Martin Luther King's unforgettable "I Have a Dream" speech.

[答疑编号506430010518：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Mr. Randolph was born in Florida.

The march featured the Reverend Martin Luther King's unforgettable"I Have a Dream"

speech.

【答案解析】本段文字的结构很清楚，主题句是第一句Philip Randolph led confrontations

with three very popular presidents 。其他句子分别说了他与这三位总统之间的对抗性行

为。（1）Mr. Randolph was born in Florida 句子的前后讲的是他与第一位总统President

Roosevelt之间的事情，显然，这句话在这里是多余。（2）最后一句讲此次对抗让马丁?路

德?金的演讲《我有一个梦》声名远播。在这篇短短的文章中牵扯进这个不合适，它没有提

到Mr. Randolph，也没有说此事的过程或结果。