状语从句(超详细讲解)

状语从句

引导状语从句的从属连词：（包括：时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，结果，目的，方式，比较等）

1时间状语从句：

A. *when: 从句可用

1)非延续性动词，表点时间=at the time when…

2)延续性动词，表段时间，此时可与while / as互换。

注：a)从句中的动作既可与主句动作同时发生b)也可在主句动作之前或之后发生。后者不可与while/as 两者换用。.When I got home, he was having supper. b).When(=Before) I got to the party , some guests had left.

When(=After)he finished his work, he took a short rest.

3）也可做并列连词，“这时”be about to do/ be going to do/ be doing… when…

had hardly/just/scarcely/not done…when…

*while:1）“在…期间”；从句只能用延续性动词，表段时间=during the time when...

2）当“趁着”讲。

3) “尽管” = although

eg.____ I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.

A. While

B. When

C. As

D. Because

3）也可做并列连词，表对比关系，“而”。

*as: 1）“随着”，指动作的进程(with也有“随着”之意，但是介词，只跟短语。)

“一边```一边```”，强调主从句谓动的同时发生。

1._______________he was in Beijing, he made a lot of friends.--->When /While in Beijing,…

2._______________he was studying in Beijing, he made a lot of friends.--->When /While studying in Beijing,…

--->During the time when he was( studying) in Beijing,…

3.______he arrived in Beijing, he received a warm welcome.

--->At the time(when )he arrived in Beijing,…/At the time of his arrival, …

4. _____ time goes on, the situation is getting worse and worse.

5. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner______ the height increases. (从句)

--->with the increase of the height. （短语）

6. The students took notes ______they listened./ He hurried home, looking behind _____ he went.

7. Strike __________the iron is white-hot. 趁热打铁。

8. Come and pay a visit to the park_______ all the flowers are in blossom. 趁着花还开着，去公园玩一趟吧。

9. I had hardly / scarcely closed my eyes ________ someone knocked at the door.

-->I had no sooner closed my eyes ________ ……

10. The Chinese prefers drinking tea ___________ Americans like drinking coffee.

B. before/after:

1.She had studied Russian for three years ________she was sent to the Soviet Union.

---> ________being sent to the Soviet Union.

21).It won’t be long ________ we meet again.

2). They hadn’t known each other long ________ they got married.

3. It seemed only seconds ______ the boy finished washing his face. 4)we hadn’t waited long ____the bus came.

5). How time flies! Two and a half years have passed _______ we know it.以上的before一律译成“就”

3. I’m afraid it will be 3 years ______ we meet again. 2). I must finish the composition _____ I go home.此处译为“才”

4. __________ it was made into a movie, the novel became even more popular.

-->_________ being made into a movie, …

-->_________been made into a movie, …

5. Three billion years _________ life began, the earth is now the home to many different kinds of living things.

6. Karaoke was spread to the whole world shortly / soon ________ it was invented.

C. as soon as /once

the moment / the instant / the minute

immediately /instantly /directly

1). The moment I saw him, I knew he was a warm-hearted man.

2). As soon as the film star appeared on the stage, there arose a wild slap.

3). The moment he entered the room, he fixed the chain across the door.---> ______ entering the room, he…

4). Immediately she heard the noise, she rushed into the room.---> ______ hearing the noise ,she …

D. till / until

1).I knew nothing about it _______/_______ he told me. BUT:__________ he told me, I knew nothing about it.

2).She stood (延续性动词用肯定式) there _____ they had passed out of sight. 她一直站到他们从视野中消失了为止。

3).She didn’t leave/ go away (非延续性动词用否定式)there_______ they had passed …她直到他们看不见了才离开。

几组延续/ not+非延续性动词的比较：wait / not leave stay here /not go away sit/not stand up lie/ not get up stand/ not sit work / not stop working go on working/ not finish

4).Until we have thought it over , we’ll take ______ steps. A. no B. any C. some D. all

5)将3）改成强调句式：

改成倒装句式：

6).---When will the concert begin? ---__________.A. Till 7:30 B. Not until 7:30 C. Not after 7:30 D. From 7:30

[]在强调结构中或与not连用时，多用until.

[][] 时间状语从句可以缩略，常见形式：

1. Don’t speak until _________(speak) to.

2. Once _______ (see ),it can never be forgotten.

3. He was a swimmer when a child /as a child.

4. Relax yourself whenever possible.

5. He often makes mistakes when ___________(speak) English. []分词代替从句时，主从句的主语必须一致。

6. He failed to express himself when ____________(introduce) to the girl.

E. since:自从```以来从句多用一般过去时，主句多用完成式或完成进行式；但若表达“时间过了多久”

则用“It is + 时间段”。Much change has taken place_______ the Gang of Four was knocked down.

It is over 75 years _________ the Long March ended in victory in 1935.

1).-What was the party like? -- Wonderful. It’s years _______ I enjoyed myself so much last time.

A. after

B. when

C. before

D. since

2)---How long has the bank been in business? ---_________ 1987. A. After B. In C. From D. Since

3)_________ have you known him? A. Since how long B. Since when C. Since long ago D. Since when was it

(答案：B. Since when = Since how long ago。若用D,句子应改为：Since when was it that you have known him.)

比较：It is four years since he lived here.他不在这住有4年了.

F. each time / every time +从句= whenever +从句

_______________ he came, he would bring me a lot of flowers.

G. t he first time /… the last time +从句

_______________ I met her, she was singing on the stage.

比较：It / This / That is the first time that I have heard her sing on the stage.

………………was…………………had …………………………….

I heard her sing on the stage for the first time.

H. by the time +从句，注意时态。

1.__________ he got there, everyone else had arrived. / _________ you come back, I will have finished the job.

2.__________I got up, he was already doing morning exercises to the music in the yard.

I.其它：the day / the week / the year…, from the time…, next time…, Second world War II broke out.

1.He called on me the day he arrived. / We were there the week it snowed so heavily. / He was in the USA the year ^

2.Next time you come, you will see your grandpa. fish and water.

3. From the time the Red Army first came into being ,its relationship with the people was the relationship between ^

2地点状语从句：A. where B. wherever

A.1. I put the umbrella ________ it was. = I put the umbrella in the place _______ it was。

[] 此二句式易混。前者where引导地点状语从句，后者where引导定语从句，修饰the place.

2. Africa is actually connected with Asia _________ the Suez Canal was dug.

--->at the spot ______ the Suez Canal was dug。（定语从句）

3. Make a mark where you have any questions. []有时可见缩略的地点状语从句：

Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary.

4. _________ there is will, there is a way.

5. –-Shall I put the raincoat away?---No hurry. Leave it ____ it is. It’s raining again.

A. in the place

B. there

C. where

D. here

6. ---What place is it ? --- Haven’t you found out we ______back where we _______?

A were ;had been B. are; were C. were ; have been D. are ; had been

B. He will work ______________ he is needed.

3三·原因状语从句：A. because B. as C. since D. now that E. seeing that

A. ---Why was the teacher so angry? ---_______ I was late for class again.

但注意比较：1).---What caused the teacher to be so angry?---__________ late for class again.（动名词做主语）

2. The reason why the teacher was so angry was ______ I was late for class again.（表语从句）

2.The teacher was so angry. It was all ________ I was late for class again.（表语从句）

B. ________ it was already rather dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night.

--->It being alre ady rather dark,….

C.1._________ you don’t want to go, we won’t force you to.

2._________ you are free tomorrow, why not drop in and play chess with me ?

D. _________ you are all back, we’d better start the work right away.

A. Because

B. While

C. Now that

D. After

E. She can’t be interested in the lessons,_______ that she always arrives late. A. telling B. judging C. noticing D. seeing

[]because:解释性较强，用来回答why提问的句子, 是全句中心。*不能与so连用。

*与not连用意思是“不因为```就”

eg. He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.

他并不因为亚里士多德这么说就相信它。

since: “既然”，语气较because弱，表示一种不言而喻的原因或理由。中心移向主句，从句次之。

与now that, seeing that同意。

as: 也表众所周知的原因，语气最弱。

now that / seeing that语气同于since。

[]for也有“因为”之意，但它是并列连词，连接的是分句: It must have rained last night, for the ground was wet.

F. 形容词glad, sorry, pleased, satisfied, surprised, astonished, shocked, delighted, proud等+that引的原状从。

eg. I’m glad that you told me the truth. / We feel proud that our country is getting stronger and stronger.

4四·条件状语从句:A. if B. unless（如果不，除非）C. as / so long as(只要) D. suppose /supposing (假设=if )

E. in case(如果；以防)

F. on condition that (只要，条件是)

G. provided /providing (that)(倘若)

H.once(一旦)

A.1._____ you start right now, you will be on time for the interview. = Start right now, and you’ll be on time…

2. _____you don’t start right now, you’ll be late for the interview. =Start right now, or you’ll be late…

[]含有if肯定条件句的复合句，可转换成and连接的并列句；if从句否定，则用or.

B..1. I won’t go _______ I’m invited. = …unless invited.

2.Don’t leave the building _____ (you are )instructed to do so.

3.You won’t succeed / You’ll fail ________ you work hard. = …if you don’t work hard.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/6a14425576.html,e tom orrow unless I phone. =Come tomorrow if I don’t phone.明天我要不打电话，你就来。

[]unless从句的谓语只能是肯定式，它的肯定式相当于if 的否定式.

但unless并不永远相当于if…not… 不可表假想的情况。）

eg. If I hadn’t followed your advice, I would have failed now. （此处if…not不易换成unless,因为unless/\

C. Neither I nor the sailors will abandon the ship _________ it remains above the surface of the sea.

[]as / so long as强调条件的唯一性。再如：

1.---Why do you drink so much coffee? --- Well, _______ it doesn’t keep me awake in the nights, I see no harm in it.

2.We can surely overcome these difficulties ______________ we are closely united.

D. Suppose / Supposing (that) he doesn’t agree, what shall we do?

E.1. You can make some changes in the plan in case you find anything not proper.倘若你发现有任何不妥之处，```

2. We’d bette r take our raincoats __________ it should rain. (或it rains.)

F. I’ll lend you the book ____ _________ (that) you return it on Monday. （[]强调有条件性）

G. Provided we draw useful lessons from them, we may make great progress.

只要我们从中吸取有益的教训，…

H. Once you have ma de up your mind, you mustn’t change it.

[][]条件状语从句可以缩略：1. Come tomorrow if possible. 2. If so , you must go and get it back.

3. I’ll buy a TV set if necessary.

4. He has no money. If any, he will give me.

5. The girl never gives in unless wrong.

6. Unless repaired, the machine is no use.

7.Once seen,it will never be forgotten.

5五·让步状语从句：

A. although / though : 1）不能与but连用，因为后两者连接的是分句。但可以与still/ yet连用，因为后两者是副词，不会引起句构的矛盾。

eg, Although he was _______in Chicargo, _______ the author is famous for his stories about New York city.

A. lived; /

B. born; yet

C. brought up; but

D. arrived; yet

although只做连词引导从句; though除了这一功能，还做副词= however, 不用于句首。

eg. 1.It’s a hard job. I enjoy it, ________. 这是一项艰苦的工作，然而我喜欢它。

2. He’s a bad president. There’s no reason, _____, to shoot him. 他虽是个差劲的总统，却没理由枪毙他。

B.even if / even though: “尽管，即使”：________ I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling.

1.You will be late _____ you go by bus, for the cinema is too far from here. A. as though B. as if C. e ven if D. now that

2.- Will you go to attend his birthday party?-- No, _______ invited to. A. if B. when C. until D. even though

C. as :

1.Child ______ he is, he has been working to support his family.

2.Youngest _______ he is in our class, he studies hardest.

3.____________, but he insisted on aski

that job. A Being weak B. Though he was weak C. He was weak D. Weak as he was

4. Again as he failed in doing the exp eriment, he didn’t lose heart. = Though he failed in doing the …again, he…

5. Much as I like it, I will not buy it. =Though I like it very much, …

6. Try as you will, you won’t make it. = Though you try, …

7. Manage as we might, we could not ge t out of the difficulty. = Though we managed,…

8. Lose money as I did, I got a lot of experience. = Though I lost money,…

[]as引导让步状语从句，要倒装：1).将做表语的adj, n提前，但要省略冠词，如上No.1,2&3.

3).将做状语的adv.提前，如上No. 4&5.

4)将谓语动词前置，从句要加may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词，

或助动词do,does,did等，如是vt.，宾语也要随着提前,如上No6,7&8.

D. no matter +副词where =wherever:

__________ David goes, he is welcome.不管大卫到哪里，他都受欢迎。

No matter +when =whenever：___________ you need help, you can telephone me.不管你何时需要帮助，```

No matter + how = however：1)._________ he tried , he couldn’t make it. 不管他怎么试，他都没办成。

2).__________ hard(adj.) the job is, we’ll try our best.

3).__________hard(adv.) he worked, he couldn’t pass the exam.

no matter + 代词what = whatever:

1)We have decided to carry out our plan, _______ difficulties we may have.

2)Keep calm, ____________ happens.(注意从句时态，一律用一般现在时

no matter + 代词who =whoever: __________telephones, tell him I’m out. 表将来。）

no matter + 代词which = whichever: ___________ answer you choose, it won’t make any dif ference to me.

[]区别whatever, whoever, whichever引导名词性从句，此时不能换成no matter形式。

1. ___________ I do is for the good of you . = Anything that I do is…

2. We’ll punish __________ breaks the law. = …anybody who breaks the law.

3.Choose ___________ of them (= any one of them that )you like best.

E. whether… or not: 1. __________ you stay or not, I will.

2. We shall begin the work on time _________.

A. no matter she comes or not

B. whether she will come or not

C. whether she comes or not

D. if she would come or not

[]区别whether… or not引导名词性从句：I’m not sure ________ she will come or not / she has come or not.

**特别注意：在时间，原因，条件等状语从句中，要用一般现在时表将来，除非特别强调从句动作的完成,用完成式。

eg, Don’t get o ff the bus until it has stopped.及条件状语从句中H.once一例.Once you’ve made a decision, carry it out.

If you don’t go, neither _______ I. / If you go, so _______ I.

When your spoken English gets better, so _______ your written English

6六·结果状语从句：A. so tha t B. so…that… C. such… that…

A. The engineer didn’t plan his time well _________ he didn’t finish the work in time.

B. The Swede admired Napoleon ____ much _______ he wanted to join the French army and fight for him.

[]so…that… 引导的结果状语从句与so that引导的在含义上有差异：so that句型表示的结果往往

同主句有因果关系，可以用so来替换；而so…that句型是表明so后形容词或副词的程度。试比较

1. He set off early _________ he caught the first bus. = …early, so he…他早早出发了，结果赶上了第一班车。

2. He set off _____ early _______ there was not a single person or car in sight on the street.

3. It was raining heavily, so that we had to stay here for another day.

4. It was raining ____ hard_______ we even couldn’t see the road in front of us clearly.

C. 1. He made_______ an excellent speech _______ everyone admired him.

2. Marx made _______ rapid progress ________ before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper. []so… that…与such…that…的区别：so可单纯修饰adj或adv,如：He was so handsome that…/

He works so hard that… ,但such不行。such后面一定要落脚到名词上。都接名词时，两者区别：

2).单数n.

so＋adj.＋a/an +可数单数名词+ that

such + a/ an + adj. +可数名词单数.+that…

eg. He bought so cheap a recorder / such a cheap recorder that he saved some money.

3).可数n.复数/不可数n. 数量形容词many, much, little（少）, few 前用so,

a lot of, a little等带冠词的,仍用such；非数量形容词前用such（如上文C, No.2.）

Eg. There were so many (= such a lot of people )in the room that we could not get in.

7七·目的状语从句：A. so that B. in order that A.1. He sped up __________ he could get there ahead of time.

so that引导的目的状语从句与结果从句的区别：目的从句中常含有may/might, can/could, 等情态动词，否则便可能是结句。

He studied hard so that he could get more knowledge.

He studied hard so that he got more knowledge.

B. Let’s take the front seats in order that we may see the blackboard more clearly.

[]主从句的逻辑主语一致时，目的状语从句可由so as to, in order to , to代替。

eg. A 1. He sped up so as to / in order to / to get there ahead of time.

但so as to不能置于句首。

8八·方式状语从句：A. as（按照，像```一样） B. as if / as though（仿佛，好象）

A. 1. She stays in bed as the doctor orders. 2. Do the work as you are told to. 3. Watch me carefully and then do as I did.

[]此处与介词like区别开来：1.He is a man like you. 2. It sounds like a train going through under your feet.

B. 1. My neighbor treats the boy as if he were her own son. 2. He talked as though he had known eve rything.

[]as if / as though引导的状语从句常表比喻或夸大，故多用虚拟语气。

9九·比较状语从句：A. than B. as C. The more,… the more…（越```越```）

A. 1.The company brought in more US dollars this year than it did last year.

B. 1. His speech was not as good as we had expected.

2. The technician worked as fast as a skilled worker (did).

C The harder he studied , the more progress he made.