外研社高中英语选修六课文知识点归纳总结

选修六Module 1

⒈lack

(1)Lack money/ experience/ time

(2)Be lacking in

(3)For lack of

①健康问题与不好的饮食习惯及缺乏锻炼有很大的关系。

Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.

②大城市因为缺乏空间建起了越来越多的高层建筑。

More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.

③由于缺乏睡眠，许多学生无法集中精力于学习上( 一句多译).

Many students can’t concentrate on their studies for lack of sleep.

Many students lack sleep, which makes it difficult for them to concentrate on their studies.

Lacking sleep makes it difficult for many students to concentrate on their studies. Many students are lacking in sleep so that they can’t concentrate on their studies.

⒉advance

Adj. 预先的在前的

预付款advance payment 提前做点某事do a little advance planning

v.前进发展进步推动，将···提前

→advanced 先进的，高级的，

advanced technology /society /courses

n. in advance 提前、事先= ahead of time.

⒊In addition 此外，另外=besides, what’s more

in addition to 除···之外= apart from// besides

There’s a postage and packing fee in addition to the repair charge

In addition , you need to know how long you should stay.

Except //except for

I cant take my holidays at any time except in August.

The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing in the corner

4. favour

1）赞同，支持，喜爱

It remains to be seen if the show will still find favor with A 1990s audience.

这个节目是否能继续赢得90后观众的喜爱，还要拭目以待

2）恩惠，帮忙

帮某人一个忙do sb a favour

请某人帮个忙ask sb a favour= ask a favour of sb

支持赞成be in favour of

→receive favorable comments 获得好评

⒌absence

在某人不在时in one’s absence

缺席，不在be absent from

心不在焉的absent-minded

⒍Leave

让某人一个人呆着，不管Leave sb alone

漏掉，排除，不包括Leave out

抛下，把···落在后面Leave behind

⑴作"留下"、"丢下"、"落下",常表示某物落在/忘在某地。

I left my key in the reading room.

我把钥匙忘在阅览室了。

⑵表示"留给"、"交给",一般与介词with或to搭配。如:

Leave it with / to me and I'll see what I can do.

把它交给我,我就知道该怎么办。

⑶leave作使役动词,表示"使/ 让……保持某种状态"。

①用形容词作宾语补足语

Leave the door open when you go out. 出去时,不要关门。

②用不定式作宾语补足语

Leave him to do it himself. 让他自个儿去做。

③用现在分词作宾语补足语

They walked off and left me sitting there alone.

⑷leave的过去分词left,常用作后置定语,表示"剩下的"。如:

I've got two tickets left for tonight's film.

今晚的电影票我有多余的两张。

Is there any water left in the bottle?

瓶子里还有水吗?

⒎插入语

I think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine, suggest…

⑴否定转移从句中的not 转移到主句中

I don’t think they will be bored in Ms Sheng’s class.

⑵反义疑问句句

I don’t think they will be bored in Ms Sheng’s class,will they?

⑶特殊疑问句句

When will they finish their homework?

Who should be sent abroad?

What made her so excited?

When do you think they will finish their homework?

Who do you suggest be sent abroad?

What do you imagine made her so excited?

选修六Module 2

1. behaves

behave oneself: 守规矩；举止得体behave well /badly 表现好/差

well-behaved adj. 表现好的badly-behaved adj. 表现差的behaviour n. 举止；表现，行为

2. hesitate v. n. hesitation

①She replied without hesitation.

②I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes.

⑴（因有顾虑）不愿意做某事hesitate to do

⑵尽管做某事，不要犹豫Don’t hesitate to (call, contact, tell, turn to sb )（打电话、

联

系、告诉···）

⑶毫不犹豫地，心甘情愿地without hesitation

如果你在理解上有困难，就直截了当的告诉我们。

If you have any difficulty in understanding, please tell me without hesitation.

⒊appeal appealing adj. 吸引人的，动人的

①Do these films appeal to you?

②I appeal to him for help.

③They made an emotional appeal for help.

④They had no one to appeal to.

N: 呼吁，恳求，吸引力，感染力

V：呼吁，恳请某人做某事appeal to sb to do sth //for sth

某物对某人有吸引力sth appeal to sb

Adj. 吸引人的，动人的appealing

你对出国工作的注意感兴趣吗？

Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you ?

⒋独立主格

结构：名词（或代词）+ doing

done

to do

adj

adv

介短

相当于把with 的复合结构的with 省去了。

起状语的作用，可表示原因，方式，时间等，主要用于书面语。

The composition completed, he decided to take a walk.

There being no buses, we had to walk home.

So many clothes to wash, I can’t go to the movie with you.

Everything ready, they set out for the destination.

Weather permitting , we will go on an outgoing tomorrow

⒌半倒装

1) 带有否定意义的词放于句首，用半倒装。

如not only…but also，Not until~~ ，

Hardly had…when, No sooner had…than

At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.

Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend.

Not until yesterday did I learn anything about it.

3)用于only +状语开头的句子。

Only by working hard can we succeed.

Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.

⒍play a(n) (important) part//role (in)意为：“在……起(重要)作用，扮演……(重要的)角色”We should not ignore the part everyone played in winning the match.

类似用法

have difficulty/trouble/fun in doing sth

Have an effect on

make use of

你无法想象我在解决这个问题上遇到的困难。

You can’t imagine the difficulty I had in solving the problem.

我们不应该忽视人类对环境的影响。

We should not ignore the effect human has on environment.

⒎与···有联系，有关系

be connected with

be associated with

be related to

have something to do with

⒏Possess 拥有，持有→possession

take possession of 占有

In possession of

In the possession of为···所拥有

⒐Burden

⑴背负着···的负担have //bear//carry the burden of

⑵受····困扰、烦扰、所累be burdened with

⒑Power //energy//force// strength

power 力量,能力,权力，电能

in /out of /beyond one’s power力所能及、力所不及

in power当权

come to [into] power掌权;得势

There is a power cut. 停电

Knowledge is power.

Energy 精力，能源full of energy

Force 武力，强迫之力be taken away by force //force sb to do Strength 力气，强度，

strengths and weaknesses优势和劣势

build up one’s strength 增强体质

⒑Contact V. contact sb N make contact with sb

lose contact with sb

get into contact with sb

come into contact with

keep in contact with

be in //out of contact with sb

选修六Module 3

1. mention vt./ n. 说起，谈到，提及

1) He mentioned to me that he was going to help her.

2) Nobody mentioned going out to help him.

3) Don’t mention it. 不客气/不用谢/没关系/不要紧。

not to mention/ without mentioning更不必说，更不用说

As is mentioned above 如上所述It is worth mentioning that... 值得一提的是

2. count v. 计数，有价值，认为，看做n.总数，计算

count... in 算入count... as... 算作是...，把...当做...

count on=depend on 依靠，指望count for 有价值

3. It would have been impossible to find my daughter without the help of Friends Reunited.

若是没有老友重聚网站的帮助，我就找不到我的女儿。

本句的语气为虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，主句谓语用would＋have＋done，从句谓语用had＋done。

If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.

⒋raise (raised//raised) vt.举起，抬起；增加；养育；筹措，集结

举手raise one’s hand提高嗓门raise one’s voice提出问题raise a question

为…筹钱raise money for

rise (rose//risen) vi. / n. 上升，起立，起义，升起

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 睡得早,起得早,聪明、富裕、身体好。

rise to one’s feet 站起

选修六Module 4

1.be true of/for 与···情况一样

(1)The food is good and the same is true of the service.

饭菜很好，服务也不错

成真，实现come true 说实话to tell the truth

⒉give life to 赋予···生命、活力

活过来，变活泼，有生气come to life

使···复活，给···以活力bring sth. to life

⒊It’s the same with classical Chinese music.

中国古典音乐也是如此

···也是：so+助/情态动词+主语

···也不：neither/nor+助/情态动词+主语

⒋draw upon/on 利用，凭借，依赖；临近

draw near/close （时间/空间的）临近

draw a conclusion (from) (从…中)得出结论

draw ones’ attention to sth. 使人注意某物

draw sth. up 草拟

⒌honor

an honor to sb/sth. 给…增光的人或事物

have the honour to do/ of doing sth. 有做某事的荣幸

in honour of sb/sth.= in one’s honour 向…表示敬意；为纪念…

be/feel honoured for sth./ to do sth. 为…感到荣幸/尊重

⒍present

present sb. with sth.

present sth. to sb. 授予／赠送某人某物

present adj. 出席的；现在的n. 现在；礼物

at present 现在；目前

be present at 出席；到场

for the present 暂时

make sb. a present of sth. 把……作为礼物赠送给某人

选修六Module 5

⒈

“It is + said/reported/believed/considered/known…+ that …“句型，it 作形式主语，that 从句为真正主语。可转化为：sb./sth. be said to do/to be doing/to have done 句型。

①大家一致同意我们应该再开一次会议。

It’s agreed that we should have another meeting.

⒉wish 后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气

wish (that) did/ were 与现在事实相反

had done 与过去事实相反

would/could do 与将来事实相反

⒊从句中的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语动词包含动词be时;

while/ when/ if/unless/ once ( sb./sth. be) doing/ done / adj.

从句中主语是it时，it及后面的be也常常省略。

①Come tomorrow if (it is) possible.

②If (it is) necessary, I’ll tell the truth to you

【注】状语从句的省略也可以看做“连词/介词+ 动词分词形式”作状语的用法。

⒋. contrast 对比，对照v./ n.

contrast with 与……形成对比

contrast…with…

in contrast (to/with)

by contrast

⒌treat vt. 对待；治疗；探讨；视为vi. 探讨；协商；请客n. 款待；请客

1）treat 治疗cure 治愈，痊愈

2）treat/ consider/ take/ see/ regard/ look on/ think of ...as... 把...当成...对待3）It's my treat./ It's on me. / My treat. 我请客。

⒍rely on,appreciate, hate, dislike, like, love, enjoy, depend on,

rely on, see to + it +从句

⒎as far as we know 据我们所知

as far as I can remember 据我所能记得

as far as I am / we are concerned 就我们而言

①As far as I am concerned , it sounds like a good idea.

②As far as I am concerned , that water is too cold.

③As far as I know, he is good at English .

选修六Module 6

⒈occupy

1) 忙于（做）某事occupy oneself (in) doing sth./ with sth

=be occupied (in) doing sth./ with sth.

2)职业上by occupation

⒉wound

1) destroy 毁灭，消灭，指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复，有时可用于比喻意义。如：

The earthquake destroyed the whole city．地震毁了整座城市。

All his hopes were destroyed by her letter of refusal.

他所有的希望都被她的拒绝信毁了。

2) damage 伤害，损害，主要指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可修复。damage或destroy所表示的破坏，是指对房屋或车辆等的损坏。

有时该词也用于借喻. Her heart was slightly damaged as a result Of the disease．由于生病，她的心脏轻微受损。

They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged．

他们设法修复了受到破坏的房屋。

What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries. 他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系.

3) ruin 多用于借喻之中,经常指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度.表示“使……破产；糟蹋掉”的意思。

The rain will ruin the crops. 这雨会把庄稼毁掉的.

I was ruined by that law case; I'm a ruined man. 我被那场官司毁了,我破产了.

He ruined himself by taking drugs. 他吸食毒品把自己给毁了。

4) harm 伤害，损害，主要用于有生命的东西，偶尔也用于无生命的事物，常指伤及一个人或其健康、权利、事业等。

构成短语do harm to，表示的范围更广。

Smoking seriously harmed his health. 吸烟严重损害了他的健康。

They had their hearing harmed by the loud noise of machines.他们的听力被机器的巨大噪音所损害。

5) hurt指精神上,感情上或肉体上的“创伤，伤害”。作不及物动词意思是“疼”。其过去分词不能作定语。

His words hurt me／my feelings．他的话伤了我／我的感情。

He fell and hurt his leg. 他掉下来伤了腿。

My shoes are so tight that my feet hurt．鞋太紧，我的脚疼。

6)injury指意外伤害或事故造成的伤害，有危及功能发展之意。作名词可指平时的大小创伤或伤害.

Several children were injured in the accident. 好几个孩子在那次事故中受伤。

He got serious injuries to the legs at work. 他干活时腿受了重伤. 注意：the injured指因事故造成的“受伤者”。

7)wound一般指刀伤，枪伤，战场上受伤，也可指对感情的伤害。后跟的宾语是整个人而不是受伤部位。另外，wound还可作可数名词。还可指伤口。

He got wounded in the battle．他在战斗中受伤。

A nurse cleaned and bandaged the wound. 护士把伤口清洗包扎好.

He received a serious wound in the battle.

注意：the wounded表示“伤员”，wounded前也可用具体数字修饰。

如：There were twenty wounded in the field hospital.

⒊worthwhile adj.

值得做某事：1）be worth doing

2) be worthy to be done/ be worthy of being done

3) It is worthwhile to do/ be worthwhile doing

⒋to one's＋n./to the＋n.＋of sb. 令某人……的是

to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的是

①To his astonishment, the keys were in the door.

②To the curiosity of everyone, his father was not angry over what he had done.

知识拓展to one's joy/delight 令某人高兴的是

to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是

to one's sorrow令某人悲伤的是

注意：当表示“使某人感到非常……的是……”时用

to one's great＋n.或much to one's＋n.，much to the＋n. of...

⒌despite

regardless of = without being affected by different situations, problems etc. despite/ in spite of = without being prevented by something

⒍before

before作连词时，在句子中译法灵活，可译为“在……之前”“……(一段时间)之后才……”“没等……就……”。

before作连词常用于以下句型：

It won't be＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时) 用不了(多长时间)就会……

It will be＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时) 得过(多长时间)才……

It wasn't＋时间段＋before从句(一般过去时) 没过(多长时间)就……

It was＋时间段＋before从句(一般过去时) 过了(多长时间)才……

⒎注意

draw attention to 使……注意……

pay attention to 注意，关注

catch one's attention 吸引某人的注意力

call one's attention 唤起某人的注意

fix one's attention on/upon 集中注意力在……

distract/divert one's attention 分散/转移某人的注意力

人教版高中英语选修六课时作业5

高中英语学习材料 madeofjingetieji Unit 3 A healthy life 课时作业(五)Warming Up & Reading Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．More and more people cannot bear the ________(压力)of modern life. 2．After the accident，he was ________(禁止)from driving alone. 3．He ________(停止)smoking，and talked something to the person next to him. 4．This heating system has an ________(自动的)temperature control. 5．I am ________(使习惯于)to taking a walk after supper. 6．He has been brought in to ________(加强)the defence. 7．At one time，she is fine，but at another，she is ________(异常的)． 8．As for you，you ought to be ________(惭愧的)of yourself. 9．They think this is an ________(滥用)of power. 10．In the long run，working regularly has a good ________(效力)on our health. Ⅱ.单项填空 1．(2013·芜湖高二月考)Children at the beginning of last century were________to the life without television. A．disappointed B．accustomed C．puzzled D．harmful 2．(2013·烟台高二月考)I found her nice and honest________I saw her. A．for the first time B．the first time C．on the first time D．at first 3．________ I explained on the phone，your request will be considered at the next meeting. A．When B．After C．As D．Since

高中英语必修六知识点外研版

选修六Module 1 ⒈lack (1)Lack money/ experience/ time (2)Be lacking in (3)For lack of ①健康问题与不好的饮食习惯及缺乏锻炼有很大的关系。 Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. ②大城市因为缺乏空间建起了越来越多的高层建筑。 More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space. ③由于缺乏睡眠，许多学生无法集中精力于学习上( 一句多译). Many students can’t concentrate on their studies for lack of sleep. Many students lack sleep, which makes it difficult for them to concentrate on their studies. Lacking sleep makes it difficult for many students to concentrate on their studies. Many students are lacking in sleep so that they can’t concentrate on their studies. ⒉advance Adj. 预先的在前的预付款advance payment 提前做点某事do a little advance planning v.前进发展进步推动，将···提前 →advanced 先进的，高级的， advanced technology /society /courses n. in advance 提前、事先= ahead of time. ⒊In addition 此外，另外=besides, what’s more in addition to 除···之外= apart from// besides There’s a postage and packing fee in addition to the repair charge In addition , you need to know how long you should stay. Except //except for I cant take my holidays at any time except in August.

人教版高中英语选修6各单元课文原文

选修6 Unit 1 Art-Reading A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance (15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values graduallv replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess t heir own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.

人教版高中英语选修6课本练习答案

Unit1 课内练习答案（P3Ex.1） P3Ex.3 1F2T3T4T5T6T P4Ex.1 1superb2aim3ridiculous4faith5evident 6conventional7gallery8abstract9technique10sculpture P4Ex.2 possess a great deal By coincidence adopt attempted On the other hand predict 详解：翻译：《这些作品是凡高的真迹吗？》最受欢迎的艺术风格在西方国家就是印象派，许多人想拥有一幅印象派作品并且不惜花巨资去买一幅，巧合的事是，一些采用印象派画法的画家也可以画出不为人知的“杰作”，有一位画家，奥托?沃森，用凡高的风格作画并且迅速赚了很多钱，许多评论家都觉得它是凡高的真迹，一方面，一些评论家发现了，另一方面，一些评论家好奇是否有许多“杰作”被挂在画廊上，一位膜拜凡高作品的人说：“如果这种杰作的数量超过200，我也不会惊奇.”于是有人预言下一幅“杰作”在什么地方什么地点会被发现？ P5Ex.2 1W2F3W4F 5.If he had right to choose his holiday,he would go to Mexico. 6.If I were not allergic to shellfish,I would enjoy eating them. 7.If the marble statue were not big for her garden,the housewife would

8.If we knew more about the disease,we would be able to treat the patients very effectively. P5Ex.3 1were would make2were would be3were would be 4could would paint5were would help6could take 7knew would send8could9were would be 10would come could P7Ex.2

高中英语选修六重要知识点复习

Review of Book 6 高二英语选修6 重要知识点复习 I.Let?s review the phrases of book6. 从方框里选择短语并用正确的形式填空，每个短语只能够用一次（其中有多余的选项） burn to the ground, put up with, on the whole, result in , so long as, come about, in the distance, build up, focus on , scores of, a great deal of, manage to , be made up o f, translate …into, take it easy,, in spite of, in sorrow, take possession of, due to, decide on , be addicted to, get into, in the flesh, run out of, stand for, feel like, be accustomed to, convince…of, pay attention to, in the darkness, take a risk 1 the restaurant?s success was___ its new manage. 2 Could you tell me how many departments this university ____? 3 The man often returns from work very late and gets through the woods ___ by himself. 4The king tried to______ his men ____ his power by leading the great army. 5At the discussion, the farmers? argument____ whether their farmlands should be covered by the factory. 6Once you ___ surfing on the Internet, you will find it rather hard to give it up. 7Though humans have discovered____ oil and coal, they mustn?t waste energy like that. 8You can not legally____ the property until three weeks after the contract is signed. 9In mathematics, the letter “X” usually ______ an unknown figure. 10Hearing the sad news that the famous actor died of cancer, all his fans were deeply ______. 11“_______, young man” , the doctor said to Bill. “Let me examine you carefully. 12______ so many difficulties , we?ll do whatever we can to finish the task. 13It was so dry and hot in the desert and the travelers ______ the water they had. 14Without any guide leading them in the forest, the explorers soon____ trouble. 15I?m very hungry now and I _____ eating some food or fruit as soon as possible. 16Those young people would like to _____ so that they could find out whether there is a huge snake in the cave. 17Last week, we saw the man_______ who was said to have died in an accident and we know the news was not true. 18After a long heated discussion, the manager finally_______ taking the measures to encourage their stuff. 19A large number of young people who________ the comfortable life in the city would rather not return to the countryside. 20The popularity of private cars will_____ more serious air pollution and more traffic accidents. 21However, ________, I think I have been fortunate. 22With the Internet bridging people all over the world, great changes have________. 23A balanced diet and enough exercise can certainly_________ your health. 24The pay you get is so low in the company while your work is so hard-----how can you _________it? 25One can achieve his goal sooner or later_______ he is able to face the future with confidence and work hard at it. II.Words spelling. 单词拼写A： 1.They had to c______ tomorrow?s football match because of the bad weather. 2.He studied the German market to find the _______( 可能性) there for investment. 3.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ________( 不幸地), neither of them could swim. 4.The car club couldn?t ________（保证）to meet the demands of all its members. 5.Miss Lin made a very _________(印象深刻的) speech at the meeting. 6.American culture is u______ because it was formed and developed under special conditions. 7.The lecture was so long and dull that most audiences got b______ with it. 8._______(发抖) with fear, I made my way to the edge of the crater. 单词拼写B 1.The word “ honesty” is an a______ （抽象）noun. 2.There are many art g_____ （画廊）in New York. 3.I?m afraid I?ve never been much of a s______ (学者) 4.They are to put on an ______ (展览) of French paintings next week. 5.The prisoners a______ (尝试) to escape, but failed. 单词拼写C： 1．Some___________ (青少年) have got into the habit of taking drugs. 2．She hopes to get a job on the local newspaper and _______(最后)work the Times. 3．The doors opened _______（自动地）as we approached. 4．He played the piano for a bit of __________ （放松） 5．It?s ________（不合法的）to park your car here. 6．He put forward a plan for improving the rate of_______（生产）。 7．So I did wrong thing! Well, nobody?s_______（完美的）。 8．A woman is ________（怀孕的）for nine months before a child is born. 9．In fact,_______（压力）isn?t so bad a thing as it is often supposed to be. 10.The man made a________（陈述）to the police. 单词填空D 1．T he __________(平均数)of 3,6 and 9 is 6 2．G as and coal are __________(燃料)。 3．W e had very little d_________(资料)on that subject.

选修六知识点归纳总结

选修六知识点归纳总结 ▲环境问题的表现：资源短缺，环境污染，生态破坏，全球环境变化 ▲环境问题产生的原因：（1）自然原因自然原因引起的环境问题，主要指火山爆发，地震，山崩，泥石流，台风，海啸，寒潮，水旱等自然界固有的自然灾害（2）人为原因 1.资源的有限性与人类需求的无限性的矛盾（根本性的原因）2．短期经济利益与长远环境效益的矛盾3．局部利益与整体利益的矛盾4．个人行为和大众利益的矛盾解决当代环境问题的关键是在尽可能短的时期内，控制世界人口的增长，使世界人口稳定在适度的规模当代环境问题的特点： 1、危害的不可预见性 2、过程的不可逆性 3、规模的全球性两种不同的环境观: 传统的环境观：人地关系：人地对立，基本观点：征服自然。后果：资源枯竭和环境破坏新的环境观：天人合一，人地归一，保持平衡与协调。良性方向发展可持续发展的概念和内涵（1）概念可持续发展就是既满足当代人的需求，又不对后代人满足其自身需求能力构成危害的发展。它是一个涉及经济、社会、文化技术和自然环境的综合概念。（2）基本思想①鼓励经济增长；②要保证资源的可持续利用和良好的生态环境；③谋求社会的全面进步。（3）中国的可持续发展——《中国21世纪议程》 ▲水体富营养化:水体富营养化发生在淡水水体，称为“水华”；发生在海洋，称为“赤潮” 1、形成条件：较为封闭的海湾、湖泊等水体中，由于水体的流动性差，自净能力弱河道中不的净化作用见课本 2、污染物：氮磷等植物营养元素 3、污染源：工业废水、生活污水、农业废水 4、危害——①水生植物和鱼类死亡②水质变坏③湖泊变沼泽 5、湖泊沼泽化本身是一种自然现象，进程缓慢。人类活动（水体富营养化与围湖造田）加快了这一进程海洋石油污染 1、污染源：近海石油的开采、加工和运输，海上油轮泄漏 2、污染物：石油 3、危害：直接危害：油污染能直接导致海鸟、海兽的毛、皮丧失防水和保温性能，或因堵塞呼吸和感觉器官而大量死亡。油膜和油块能粘住大量的鱼卵和幼鱼，并阻碍海藻的光合作用，底栖动物则还要受沉降到海底的石油的影响。间接危害：石油在氧化分解过程中，因大量消耗水中的溶解氧，也会间接地对生物造成危害 4、常发区域：世界的主要港湾、主要航线附近、海上油井周围 5、怎样清除石油 ①分散：喷洒强效洗涤剂，不宜在近岸或渔场使用 ②沉降：撒粉状石灰，危害海底生物 ③吸收：利用麦秆等吸收石油，静水环境 ④围栏：小面积油污，静水环境 ⑤放任：任其自然分解 ⑥燃烧：油层达2mm，造成大气污染▲水污染的危害：①危害人体健康②降低农作物的产量和质量③影响渔业生产的产量和质量④制约工业的发展⑤加速生态环境的退化和破坏⑥造成经济损失水污染的防治措施（1）工业水污染防治对策 1.宏观性控制对策:优化产业结构与工业结构 2.技术性控制对策。如积极推行清洁生产，提高工业用水重复利用率，实行污染物排放总量控制制度，促进工业废水与城市生活污水的集中 3.管理性控制对策，如完善法律法规，加大执法力度，健全环境监测网络（2）城市水污染防治对策 1. 将水污染防治纳入城市的总体规划 2.城市废水的防治的防治应遵循集中与分散相结合的原则 3.在缺水地区应积极将城市水污染的防治与城市废水资源化相结合 4.加强城市地表和地下水源的保护 5.大力开发低耗高效废水处理与回用技术（三）农村水污染防治对策 1.发展节水型农业 2.合理利用化肥和农药 3.加强对畜禽排泄物，乡镇企业废水及村镇生活污水的有效处理固体废弃物（通常称为垃圾）是指在生产建设、日常生活和其他活动中产生的污染环境的固态、半固态废弃物质城市垃圾的特点 1、数量大 2、品种多 3、变化大当代垃圾产生的环境问题 1、自然环境对固体废弃物具有一定的自净能力，例如沙土掩埋、微生物分解等，使垃圾回归土壤 2、传统方式：用垃圾和粪便堆肥，使有机质回归土壤，不会造成环境污染注意：上述两种方式，不能处理所有的固体废弃物。 3、固体废弃物的危害： ①污染大气②污染水体③污染土壤④占用耕地⑤影响环境卫生⑥危害人体健康固体废弃物污染防治与综合利用（一）固体废物减量化 1.对城市固体废物：逐步改变燃料结构，净菜进城、减少垃圾生产量，加强产品的生态设计，推行垃圾分类收集，搞好产品的回收、利用的再循环 2、对工业固体废物：淘汰落后生产工艺，推广清洁生产工艺，发展物质循环利用工艺（二）固体废物资源化与综合利用 1.物质回收利用，如从废弃物中回收提取有用成分，如纸，重金属等 2.物质转换利用，如废渣生产建筑材料、水泥，进行堆肥，产生农肥，取代某种工业原料等 3.能量转换利用，如能有机废物的焚烧处理回收热量、发电，利用垃圾厌氧消化产生沼气（三）固体废物的无害化处理处置影响大气污染扩散和自净的因素： ⑴污染物排放量大小：若排放量小，则易扩散 ⑵气象条件：风速、风向、气温、湿度、云况、辐射等凡是有利于增大风速、增强湍流的气象条件，都有利于污染物的扩散；出现逆温天气，大气层异常稳定时，不利于大气污染物的扩散 ⑶地形：盆地、河谷地形，不利于污染物扩散

新课标高中英语选修6课文-第一单元reading翻译

西方绘画艺术简史艺术是受一个民族的风俗和信仰影响。西方艺术风格经历了多次变革。因为西方艺术多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本书只谈及从公元六世纪开始以来最重要的几种艺术风格。中世纪(5到15世纪) 在中世纪时期,画家的主要目的是把宗教主题表现出来。这一时期传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这时的典型绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的爱戴和敬重。但是，13世纪时绘画观念在改变是显而易见的，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种更现实的方式来画宗教场景。文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪）在文艺复兴时期,新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品，这样就可以装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家不仅让他们画他们的活动和成就，还要他们画自己的肖像、房子和所有物。在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事务。这一手法是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。印象派(19世纪后期到20世纪初期) 19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会转变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。有许多新发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，很多人不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心，粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。现代艺术(20世纪到今天) 在印象派作品的创建初期，他们是存在着争议的，但是如今已经被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格也许就不可能存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么真实，看上去就像是照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画风格？

高中英语选修六知识点总结

Unit 1 I词汇及结构 1. would rather do sth情愿做…. would rather sb did sth情愿sb做… 情愿做….而不愿意做…：would rather do sth than do sth= would do sth rather than do sth = prefer to do sth rather than do sth = prefer doing sth to doing sth 2.faith n. 信任,信仰keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信 have faith in 相信, 信任 in good faith 老实地；诚恳地faithful adj. 忠诚的，可靠的 3.As there are so many different styles of Western art , it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text． so+adj+a(an)+(单数可数) (+that…) so many/few +n (复数) (+ that…) so much/little (不可数) (+that…) such+adj.+n.(不可数)/ n (复数) 4.consequently adv. 所以，因此 Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently, he knows very little about it. 福斯特先生从未去过中国, 所以对中国了解得很少。 consequent adj. 作为结果的,随之发生的 consequence n. 结果

高中英语人教版选修六知识点总结教学内容

选修六知识点 -----高二英语备课组 Unit 1 Art 1.achieve one’s aim 实现某人的目标without one’s aim 漫无目标的 with the aim of 意在…，以…为目标aim at doing sth /aim to do sth 意欲，力求做某事 be aimed at (doing) sth.目的在于…，旨在… 2.be typical of……是特有的，是典型的… E.g. It’s typical of him to forget. 3.be possessed of sth. 具有（某种品质或特征）be possessed with/by 被…控制 take the possession of sth 占有某物，拿到某物 in possession of /in the possession of 归…所有（用法与in charge of & in the charge of相同） 4.a great deal 大量（a great deal of 修饰不可数名词） 5.make an attempt to do/at doing sth 尝试做…at one’s first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事attempt to do/ at doing sth 尝试做某事 6. on the one hand…on the other hand （般指两个相反或相对的方面）一方面…另一方面 for one thing ..for another thing…常陈述情况一致的两个方面，用于解释原因，表列举 7.be worth doing = be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done 值得做… be well worth doing sth.（主动表被动）It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做… 8.have/lose faith in 对某人信任/失去对某人的信任 9.keep one’s figure 保持身材have a good figure 身材苗条figure out 算出，解决，理解 10. would rather do ..than…= would do …rather than… I would rather go on foot than take a bus.= I would go on foot rather than take a bus. 11. in preference to 优先于have a preference for 更喜欢… 12.appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；（使某人）感兴趣appeal for 恳求/呼吁… 13 win/earn reputation 赢得名声have a reputation for 以…而闻名. establish reputation 建立名誉 a good /bad reputation 好/坏名声 live up to one’s reputation 名不虚传…不负盛名… 14.动词不定式作后置定语： 1.用在序数词、形容词最高级后. E.g. He is the first to come here. 2.用在被序数词、形容词最高级、next、last、only等修饰的名词后. Eg. The best way to solve the problem is to make a plan. 15.more than + 数词表示“多于，超过”I have taught English more than 15 years. more than + 名词表示“不仅仅”The museum displays more than the visual delights of art. more than + 动词/形容词/副词表示“非常”I’m more than pleased to help you . more than + 句子表示“超过…的能力范围”The beauty is more than I can describe. 16. 句型what is known to us all is that…= it is known to us all that …= As is known to us all, … 17. 短语：It was evident that…很显然…It is predicted that …据预测…concentrate..on 集中，全神贯注于in perspective 用透视画法by coincidence 巧合地break away from 挣脱，脱离scores of 许多.in the flesh 活着的，亲自，本人 every two years= every second year = every other year 每2年be allergic to 对…过敏 be well worth a visit 很值得参观to be specific 具体地说be specific to 特有的；独特的attitude to/towards 对…的态度convince sb of sth /that…使某人相信… Unit 2 Poems 1．convey sth to sb 向某人表达/传递某物convey sb/sth from A to B把…从A地运送到B地2.take one’s time 不急，慢慢来take sth seriously 认真对待某事 take sth for granted 认为…理所应当 3.run out of 用完了…表示主动意义，run out …用完了，主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等We are running out of the money. = The money is running out. (钱快要用完了) 4.be made up of=be composed of =consist of由……组成

外研社 高中英语选修六课文知识点归纳总结