高考英语必考语法知识点
高考英语必考语法知识点:代词
代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
考点一替代词it;one;that;those;ones
1.it特指上文所提到的同一个物,它所代替的名词常由the,this,that等修饰。
one泛指上文提到的同类事物中的一个,不特指,相当于a/an+单数名词;ones泛指上文提到的同类事物的复数名词;the one特指前面的可数名词单数,有时用that来代替(尤其是后面有后置定语时;the ones特指上文提到的复数名词,有时可以用those代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下。
that特指前面出现的单数名词或不可数名词,相当于“the+可数名词单数/不可数名词”;that 的复数形式为those,替代可数名词复数,可指人也可指物。
Yesterday I lost my pen and I couldn't find it.So Ihad to buy one.昨天我把钢笔弄丢了,并且我没有找到它,因此我不得不买一支。
Mr Li gave me many valuable presents,ones(many presentsthat I had never seen.
李先生给了我许多珍贵的礼物,这些是我从来没见过的。
The books on the desk are better than those/the onesunder the desk.桌上的那些书比桌下的那些好。
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2.that和one在多数情况下是不能互换的,主要区别在于:that既可代替可数名词单数,也可代替不可数名词,常有后置定语,一般不指人,复数形式为those;one只能代替可
数名词单数,复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时,只能用one,不用that。当of 短语作可数名词单数的后置定语时,用that,不用one。
The best cigarettes are those from Yunnan.
最好的香烟是来自云南的那些。
The boy told me his story and that of the old mannext door.
这个男孩儿告诉了我他的故事,还有他隔壁老人的故事。
Your coat is blue,andmy new one is red.
你的上衣是蓝色的,我的新上衣是红色的。
考点二it的用法
1.指代作用。代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(单数可数名词或不可数名词或整
个句子;可以代指环境、情形等也可代指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。Although we cannot see it,there is air all around us.
It is said that he has gone to Beijing,but it isn't true.
I can't stand it any longer.
It doesn't matter.
It's getting colder and colder now.
2.形式作用。用作形式主语和形式宾语,而把真正的作主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句放在后面。
It's no use crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。
You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious.
你必须让他们弄清楚形势严峻。
注意:
常用it作形式宾语的谓语动词有appreciate,dislike,hate,like,love,make(按时到达,成功等,后接由if或when等引导的从句时,往往在从句前加形式宾语it。
I would appreciate it if you paid in cash.
如果你能付现金,我将不胜感激。
The boy likes it when you do that.
这个男孩儿喜欢你那样做。
3.强调作用
it可以用在强调句型中,使句子的某一成分得到强调。强调句型的基本结构
为:Itis/was+所强调的成分+that/who+其他成分。
It was on the street that I met Tom.
我就是在街上看到汤姆的。
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考点三all,both,either,neither,each,none的用法比较
1.both(两者都,either(两者中的任何一个,neither(两者都不。以上这些词使用范围为两者。
Neither of the two boys is clever.
2.both与复数名词连用,either与单数名词连用。
There are flowers on both sides of the street.
There are flowers on either side of the street.
3.all(所有的,全部的人或物,any(任何一个,none(都不。以上词使用范围为三者或三者以上。
All the students in my class like our teachers.
4.all和both与not 连用表示部分否定;none以及not...any表示全部否定。
All the students don't like rock music.
并不是所有的学生都喜欢摇滚音乐。
5.each可指两者,也可指两者以上。
They each have a car.
考点四no,none,nothing,nobody的用法比较
1.no不能单独使用,相当于not a或not any,作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。
He has no worry about safety.
2.none既可以指人,也可以指物,侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物,可与介词of连用,用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句。
—How many people are there in the room?
—None.
3.nobody指人,用于回答who引导的疑问句;nothing指物,用于回答what引导的疑问句。—What are you doing?
—Nothing.
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考点五another,other,the other,others的用法比较
1.another既可以单独使用,也可以用于单数名词前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用于“another+数词+复数名词”中,表示”再,又”。
You have to wait for another three weeks.
你必须等另外的三周。
2.other 可用作形容词,意思为“别的,其他的”,泛指“其他的(人或物”。
You can ask other people to help you.
你可以让其他人来帮助你。
3.the other指两个人或物中的一个,不能用another,此时other作代词使用。
The old man has two sons.One is a teacher;the other is a doctor.
4.the other 后可接可数名词单数也可接复数名词,不接不可数名词。此时other 作为形容词。
On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree.
He is taller than the other students in his class.
5.others 是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个”“其他的”。others不能作定语,表示复数意义,相当于“other +复数名词”;theothers相当于“the other+复数名词”,指剩下的全部。Some of them are singing;others are dancing.
Two students in our class failed,but all the others passed the exam.
考点六部分否定与全部否定
all,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及“every+名词”都表示全部肯定。none,no one,nobody,nothing,neither,not any 以及no+名词均表示全部否定;
但当not与表示全部肯定的不定代词连用时,表示部分否定,不管not的位置在其前还是其后。
Such a person can't be found everywhere.
这种人并非随处可见。
None of them smoke.
他们都不吸烟。
考点七与复合不定代词构成的习惯搭配
nothing but 只不过
anything but绝不
or something……之类的人(东西、情况等
something of 有点儿……;在某种程度上是
or anything 或是其他别的事
nothing to do with 和……没关系
for nothing免费;白白地;白费;无缘无故地
He is anything but a doctor.他绝不是一名医生。
He's something of a liar.
他有点儿在说谎。
They will repair the building for the old man for nothing. 他们将会为这位老人免费维修楼房。
2020年高考：英语知识点高频必考归纳
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高考英语语法知识点总结
专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。
高考英语语法必考知识点
名词性从句 区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。 需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成 份时，指人用指物用不缺意思和成份时用That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。 引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。 ◆____we can’t get∧seems better than ____ we have∧. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。 ◆____ ∧caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）： 〖2011江西卷〗The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A．this B．that C．what D．which 考察宾语从句和主语从句。村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。答案：C 〖2011四川卷〗Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which in介词后面接宾语从句，且从句中缺do的宾语，故选C项。why、how在句中作状语；which在名词性从句中作定语。选C. 〖2011陕西卷〗I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money. A.why B.when C.which D.what 所填词引导的从句位于系动词之后，是表语从句，所填词在从句中做宾语，指物，用what，选D。其余选项与题意不符。 〖2011北京卷〗Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom 考察名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句中缺少offer的宾语，选择what。
高考英语单词必考知识点总结归纳
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1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制 3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现 5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到 7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许 9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备 注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语） 六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词 1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑 3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅 5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰 6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung) 7. lie (作“说谎”讲时，是规则的；作“位于”讲时，其过去式是lay，过去分词是lain) 8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求 9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖 10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌
高考英语语法考点
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