考研英语历年真题阅读长难句句精析

考研英语历年真题阅读长难句句精析
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句句精析

考研英语历年真题阅读长难句句精析

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考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析

1.While warningsare often appropriate and necessary —the dan gers of drug interactions,for example—and many are requiredby state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actuallyprotectthe manufacturersand sellers fromliabilityif a customer isinjured.

【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的,然而(我们)并不清楚,如果顾客受到伤害时,这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。

【分析】在这个主从复合句中,it isn'tclear that theyactuallyprotect the manufacturersand sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。主句用了一个形式主语it,真正的主语是that引导的从句,而that从句之后是一个if 引导的条件从句。从句由两个部分组成,中间用and连接。破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容。注意:manyarerequiredby state orfederal regulations中的many是指many warnings。

2.Additional social stresses may also occur becauseofthe population explosion orproblems arisingfrom massmigration movement s—themselves made relativelyeasy nowadays bymodern means of tr ansport.

【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

【分析】句子主干结构是Additional social stressesmay also occurbecau seof...简单句+ because of表示的原因状语,整句翻译应该根据先原因后结果的原则,将主句放在最后;because of后面有两个宾语the population explosion orproblems;名词problems带有现在分词短语作后置定语arising from mass migrationmo vements; themselves指前面的名词短语mass migration movements,后面的过去分词短语是themselves的定语。

3. Thereexists a social andculturaldisconnect betweenjournalistsand their readers,whichhelps explain whythe “standard templa tes” ofthenewsroom seem aliento many readers.

【译文】新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文化方面的脱节,这就是为什么新闻编辑室的“标准模式”似乎与许多读者的意趣相差甚远。

【分析】主句也是一个there加系动词的用法。而表语后都有一个定语从句。本句的定语从句是which helps explain whythe “standard templates”of the newsro om seem alien to manyreaders。Alien本义为异国的,此处是相差甚远,背道而驰。如果考生不了解standard templates的意思,可以从上下文中找其相同作用和功能的词组,如上句中的a storyline和backbone,那么就应该知道它们指的都是记者们在写新闻和评论时固定的套路和思维。

4. This phenomenon has created serious concerns overthe roleofsmaller economicfirms,ofnationalbusinessmenand over theultimate stability of theworld economy.

【译文】这种现象引起了人们对小型经济实体、民族商人的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定性的极大关注。

【分析】全句的主干是Thisphenomenon has created serious concerns。人们的担忧实际包含两个方面(即句子的两个状语):一个是therole(of smaller economic firms, ofnational businessmen) ,另一个是the ultimatestability (oftheworldeconomy)。但是由于两个状语太长,建议在翻译时调整一下句子的结构,这样句子肯定更通畅些。

5. Certainly people do not seemlessinterestedin success and its signsnow than formerly. Summer homes,European travel,BMWs—the locations,placenamesandnamebrandsmay change,but such itemsdo not seemless in demand today than a decadeor two yearsago.

【译文】当然,人们现在对成功及其标志的兴趣似乎并未比从前减弱。避暑别墅、欧洲旅行、宝马车——它们的位置、地名和商标可能会改变,但现在对这些东西的需求似乎并未比一二十年前减少。

【分析】此处出现了两个比较级,less interestedin success andits signs now thanformerly和less indemand todaythana decade ortwo years ago。另外要特别注意句中的双重否定:一是donot seemless interestedin success anditssignsnow than formerly,一是do not seemless in demand today thanadecade ortwoyears ago。

6.Instead,we are treatedtofine hypocritical spectacles, whichnowmorethan ever seeminample supply: the criticof American materialismwith aSouthampton summer home; thepublisher ofradical book swho takeshis meals in three starrestaurants;the journalist advocatin gparticipatorydemocracy inall phasesof life,whoseown children are enroll edin private schools.

【译文】相反,我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观:美国物欲主义批评家在南安普顿拥有一幢避暑别墅,激进图书的出版商在三星级餐馆就餐,倡导终生参与民主制的新闻记者把自己的子女送进私立学校。

【分析】本句的主句是weare treated tofine hypocriticalspecta cles。非限定性的定语从句(which now morethanever seem in ample supply) 修饰spectacles。冒号后面的成分是三个并列的名词性短语,其核心词分别是cr itic,publisher和journalist。spectacles在文中意为“壮观景象”,有一定的反讽意味。

7.This does not mean that ambitionis at an end,thatpeople no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,but onlythat,nolonger openlyhonored,it isless openly professed.

【译文】这并不意味着抱负已经穷途末路,人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了;而只是说明人们不再公开地以它为荣,更不愿公开地坦承了。

【分析】这是一个简单句,主干是this does notmean,后面接了三个并列的that 从句作mean的宾语。在第三个宾语从句中,it指代ambition,no longer openly honor ed是插入语,作该从句的状语。that peopleno longer feel its stirrings and promptings意思是that peopleare nolonger stirredand promptedby ambition。

8.The attacks onambition aremany and comefrom various angle s;its publicdefenders are fewand unimpressive, where they are notextremely unattractive.

【译文】对抱负的攻击非常之多,而且观点不尽相同;公开为之辩解的则少之又少,而且并不为人注意,尽管他们并非一点吸引力也没有。

【分析】此句是用分号隔开的两个并列句,后面的一个分句中有一个where引导的定语从句,从整体上来修饰itspublic defenders,只不过先行词用了where。

9.The astonishing distrustof thenews media isn't rooted ininaccuracy or poorreportorial skills butin the daily clash of world views between reporters and theirreaders.

【译文】对新闻媒介这种令人震惊的不信任,其根源并非是报道失实或低下的报道技巧,而是记者与读者的世界观每天都发生着碰撞。

【分析】本句的主干是一个not…but…结构。注意这个结构引导的是两个方式状语。其核心词分别是inaccuracy和the daily clash。本句的主干是The astonishing d istrust of the news media isn't rooted。两个分词短语充当句子的状语。

10. Luckily,if the doormat or stovefailed to warn of coming disaste r,a successfullawsuit might compensate you for yourtroubles.Or so the thinking has gonesincethe early 1980s,whenjuriesbeganholding more companies liablefortheir customers' misfortunes.

【译文】幸好,如果门垫和炉子忘了提醒你可能的危险,一切成功的诉讼就会赔偿人的损失。大约从20世纪80年代初开始,陪审员开始越来越多的裁定公司必须为其顾客的不幸负责。

【分析】句子本身并不复杂,两个句子表达了人们的想法。在第一个句子中,if thedoo rmat orstove failedto warn ofcomingdisaster是指门垫或炉灶没有警示语。在第二个句子中,or sothe thinkinghas gone是一个倒装结构,正常的语序应该是orthe thinking hasgone so(或者说人们是这么想的)。

11. If it did,it would openup its diversity program,now focused narrowly onrace andgender,and look for reporters who differ broadl yby outlook,values,education,andclass.

【译文】如果新闻界真的注意到了问题的关键,它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目,这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工,而进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层大相径庭的各种记者。

【分析】本句是一个虚拟语句。it代表上文提到的a troubled business,即“问题重重的新闻界”。主语it跟了两个并列的谓语成分:一是wouldopenupits diversity program,二是(would)look for reporters。reporters后面跟了一个定语从句。nowfocused narrowly on race and gender是插入语,作program的定语。

12.For such people and manymore perhapsnot so exceptional,the proper formulation is,“ Succeedat all costs butavoid appearingambitious.”

【译文】对于这样的人,以及更多也许不太出色的人而言,恰当的行为准则是:“不惜一切代价获得成功,但要避免让人看出雄心勃勃。”

【分析】Forsuch people andmany moreperhapsnot so exceptional 是句子的状语,主语是the proper formulation,谓语是系动词is,表语是引号里的内容。

13. International affiliatesaccount for a fast-growing segment of pr oduction ineconomies that openupand welcome foreign investment.

【译文】在那些对外开放并鼓励外资的国家的经济中,跨国公司的分支机构已经成为经济领域中一个快速增长的生产部门。

【分析】本句的主干是International affiliatesaccount forafast-growingsegmentof production ineconomies,后面的that openup and welcomeforeigninvestment是economies的定语从句。注意一些词汇的含义:affiliate是名词,意为“分支机构”,此处是指在世界各地都有分支的多国公司,并且是全句的主语;accountfor是“……的原因”;economies在此处指经济领域的国家概念,因此用复数。

14.Ibelieve thatthe most importantforces behindthemassiveM&Awave are the same thatunderlie the globalization process:falling transportation and communicationcosts,lowertrade andinvestmentbarriers and enlarged markets thatrequireenlarged operations capable of meetingcustomers demands .

【译文】我认为引起这场合并浪潮的最重要力量与导致全球一体化的力量是相同的:运输通信费用下降;贸易与投资障碍减少;市场扩大。这一切都需要扩大业务往来满足消费者的需求。这对消费者只会有利而不会有害。

【分析】本句是一个嵌套宾语从句,不过也并不难理解。主句是I believe that,that后面是Ibelieve的内容。第二个宾语从句修饰的是same,即the samethat underliethe globalization process。冒号的内容则进一步说明globalization process的内容。

15. Andshould onecountry take uponitselfthe role of “defendin gcompetition” on issues that affect many other nations,asin theU Svs. Microsoftcase ?

【译文】在那些将会影响许多其他国家的事情中,如美国政府与微软公司的诉讼案,一个国家是否应该担负起“保护竞争”的责任呢?

【分析】此句的主干是should one countrytake uponitself the role,而th at affect many other nations是issues的定语从句。as in the USvs. Microsoft case 是issues的补语。onissues是take uponitselfthe role的状语。注意在阅读本句的时候要抓住它本身是一个文句,另外,vs.的意思对正确理解也很重要,它是指“对垒,对阵”,在法律的情景中就是“起诉,对簿公堂”的意思。

16. An education that aims atgettingastudent acertain kindof job is a technicaleducation,justified for reasons radically differentfrom whyeducation isuniversally required by law.

【译文】旨在使学生胜任某种工作的教育是职业教育,它存在的理由与法律所规定的普及教育之间有很大差别。

【分析】这个句子的主语是An education,后面that引导的从句既是主语的定语,表语是a technicaleducation。过去分词justified引导的短语修饰a technicaleducation,radically differentfrom why education is universally required by law是reasons的后置定语。

17. Rather,we have a certainconception of theAmericancitizen,ac haracter whois incompleteifhecannotcompetentlyassess howhis livelihoodand happinessare affectedbythings outside ofhimself.

【译文】我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念,这个公民人物如果不能很恰当地认识到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的影响,那么其公民特征就是不完整的。

【分析】这个句子的难点在于理解a certainconception oftheAmerican c itizen,即a character… outside of himself。这里的a character是指the American citizen,其后是一个who引导的定语从句;该定语从句是主从复合句,其中主句是wh ois incomplete,if引导条件从句,这个条件从句中的谓语动词assess跟了一个how引导的宾语从句。

18. Besides,this is unlikely toproducetheneedednumber of every kindof professionalina countryaslarge asours and where the economyis spread over so manystates andinvolvesso many international corporations.

【译文】另外,在我们这么一个大国里,经济延展到这么多的州、涉及到这么多的国际公司,因而要按照数量培养出所需的各类专业人员是不大可能的。

【分析】这里的主语this指的是前面所说的professional training,后面不定式短语中动词produce的宾语是professional,前面的成分是修饰这个词的短语,接着是地点状语,其中country带了两个修饰成分:前一个是形容词性的短语aslarge as ours,后一个是where引导的定语从句,这个从句的主语the economy有两个谓语动词:is和involves,后面都用了相似的结构so many,表示强调。

19. Declaring that he was opposedto using thisunusual animal husbandry technique toclonehumans,he ordered thatfederal funds notbe usedfor such an experiment—although no one had proposedto do so—and askedan independentpanel ofexpertschairedbyPrinceton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recomme ndationsfor anational policyonhuman cloning.

【译文】他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类,并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗得·夏皮罗为首的独立的专家组在90 天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。

【分析】这是一个长句,主语是he,谓语是ordered和asked。现在分词短语(Declaring that…to clone humans )作伴随状语,其中又包含一个that引导的宾语从句。Ordered后跟了一个宾语从句,asked后跟了一个名词短语,它由过去分词chaired修饰,其中含一个表示目的的不定式。

20.A lateralmovethat hurtmypride and blocked my profess ional progress promptedme to abandon my relativelyhigh pro although,in themanner ofa disgraced governmentminister,Icovered my exit by claiming“Iwantedto spend more timewithmyfamily”.

【译文】一次侧面的不光明磊落的攻击伤害了我的自尊,阻碍了我事业的发展,使我不得不抛弃了那份引人注目的工作,尽管表面上我还要以一个蒙受屈辱的政府部长的姿态,通过声称“我只不过是想多和家人呆在一起”来掩盖我的退出。

【分析】本句中a lateralmove是主语,promoted是谓语,that hurt my prideand blocked my professionalprogress是a lateral move的定语,although,…wit hmyfamily是状语,其中逗号之间的inthemanner of a disgraced governmentminister是插入语。

21. Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novelslater,myexperimentin whatthe Americans term“downshifting”has turned m ytired excuse intoan absolutereality.

【译文】奇怪的是,我在大约两年半的时间里完成两本小说之后,我这个被美国人称为“放慢生活节奏”的试验,却使我老掉牙的借口变成了确凿的现实。

【分析】本句主干是my experiment... has turned mytired excuse into anabsolute reality。注意其谓语是一个turnsth. into sth.的结构。前面两个逗号之间的是时间状语。注意抓句子的主干,其中主语的修饰部分in what the Americans term “downshifting”看不懂可以跳过去。当然,如果我们对英语的预感较好,就可以猜测downshifting一词的意思与驾驶骑车有关,在这里,作者把生活比喻为开车,因此放弃对物质生活的热衷追求就像在开车时减档减速一样。

22. But,for asmallgroupof students,professional training might be the way to go sincewell-developed skills,allother factors beingequal,can bethe differencebetweenhaving ajob and not.

【译文】但是,对一小部分学生来说,职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在其他因素相同的情况下,技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。

【分析】该句是个主从复合句,前面for引导的短语表示的是对象,注意主句的表语theway跟了一个不定式to go,从句由since引导,这个从句的主干结构是skills… canbe thedifference,其中difference带了一个介词短语between… and…,and后面的not 可以补足为not having a job。all otherfactors being equal是一个独立主格结构,在本句中作为插入短语,起到限制的作用。

23.Ihave been transformedfrom a passionate advocateof thep hilosophy of “have it all”,preached by LindaKelsey forthe past seven years in the pages of She magazine,into awoman who is happytosettle for abit of everything.

【译文】我从一个“全力以赴”的生活哲学——在过去七年里林达·凯尔西一直在《女性》杂志鼓吹这种生活方式——的积极倡导者,一改而成为随遇而安的女人。

【分析】该句的主干结构是I have been transformed from a passionate advocateof the philosophyof“have itall” … intoawoman。preached by… magazine是过去分词短语,作the philosophy of “have i t all”的定语,插在from…into之中,造成了句子的割裂。翻译时,可把分词短语译成一个分句,其他照原文顺序翻译。

24.I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her muchpubliciz edresignation from the editorshipof She after a build upof stress,that ab andoning the doctrine of “juggling yourlife”,and making the alternative move into“downshifting”bringswith it fargreaterrewards than fina ncial successandsocialstatus.

【译文】我发觉,放弃那种“日夜操劳的生活”信念而选择“放慢生活的节奏”会带来比金钱和社会地位更大的回报。凯尔西在长期经受巨大压力后,从惹人注目的《女性》杂志编辑部退出之后,恐怕她也将与我有同样的感觉。

【分析】本句中as perhapsKelsey will…引导的方式状语从句放到了主句的谓语动词discovered与that引导的宾语从句之间,从而造成动宾之间的分割。as引导的从句中省略了谓语动词discover,是为了避免重复。宾语从句中主语为abandoning…and

making…并列的动名词短语;谓语为bring sth with sth结构,只是因宾语过长,而把with 短语提前了。

25.Tom cameto believe inasort of linguisticdeterminism whi ch,in its strongestform,states that language imprisons the mind,and that t he grammaticalpatterns in a language canproducefar reaching consequences for the culture ofa society.

【译文】汤姆进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点,其极端说法是:语言禁锢思维,语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。

【分析】句子的主干为Tom cameto believein a sortof linguistic d eterminism。which引导限制性定语从句,修饰linguistic determinism。在由which引导的定语从句中,谓语动词states跟了两个宾语从句:一是that language imprisons the mind,一是and that thegrammatical patterns…society。注意:句中impris on themind不能译成“把大脑(或思想)关进牢房”,只能译成“禁锢思想(或思维)”。

26. These days the Net,which hasalready re-made such everydaypastimes as buying booksandsendingmail,isreshaping Donovan`s vocation aswell.

【译文】互联网已经改变了购书和寄信这样的日常活动,如今也正在改变多诺万所从事的职业。

【分析】句子的主干是theNet…is reshaping Donovan`svocation,由which引导的非限定性定语从句(which has already re-made sucheveryday pastimes as buyingbooksandsending mail)用来补充说明the Net。

27. Therise ofanti-happy art almost exactlytrackstheemergence of massmedia,and with it,a commercialculture in which happiness is not just an idealbut anideology.

【译文】反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全与大众传媒同步出现,而随之兴起了一种商业文化,在这种文化中,快乐不仅是一个理想,而且是一种意识形态。

【分析】此句是一个简单句,主干是The rise of anti-happy artalmostexactly tracks theemergence of mass media…acommercial culture。with it中的it是指the emergence of mass media。另外,inwhich happiness isno tjust an idealbut an ideology是一个定语从句,修饰a commercial cult ure。

28. And thereare thetownsfolk wholargelylive off thetouristswho come,not to see the plays,butto look at AnneHathaway`s Cottage,Shak espeare`s birthplaceandthe other sights.

【译文】也有一些市镇居民很大程度上依靠游客生活,这些游客不是来看戏剧的,而是游览安娜.海瑟威的小屋、莎士比亚诞生地以及其他景点的。

【分析】定语从句(who largely liveoff the tourists)修饰the town sfolk,而该定语从句的宾语thetourists的后面又跟了另一个定语从句。注意,不能把not toseethe plays的主语看作是thetownsfolk。

29. According to their latest paperpublishedin Nature, the biomass oflarge predators(animals that kill and eatother animals)inanew fis heryis reduced on average by80%within15 years ofthestart of exploitation.

【译文】根据他们最近在《自然》杂志上发表的文章,大型食肉的海洋生物(一种杀死和吃其它动物的生物)的捕获量在不到15年的时间里已经减少了80%。

【分析】句子的结构比较简单,但要注意数字的表述,而这正是考试的内容。在新渔场开始捕鱼的15年之内,大型捕食动物的生物量平均减少80%,而在此之后又减少了一半,即剩下的20%又减少了一半,因而应该只剩下10%了。

30. But this was not always thecase; before it was legally required fo rall children to attend schooluntil a certain age,it was widely accepted that some were justnot equippedbynatureto pursue thiskindof education.

【译文】但是情况并不总是如此;在法律要求所有儿童在一定年龄之前必须上学,人们普遍认为有些儿童天生就不适合接受这种教育。

【分析】全句由两个分句组成,前后用分号隔开。在第二个分句的主句中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是some were just notequipped bynature topursue this kindofeducation。itwaswidely accepted意为“人们普遍认为”。

31. That means ahigher proportionofwhatis inthe sea is being caught,so the realdifference betweenpresentandpast is likely to be worse thanthe onerecorded by changes in catch sizes.

【译文】这意味着更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕杀,因此介于现在和过去这一段时间,海洋生物量的真正差别可能比捕获量所记录的变化更要糟糕。

【分析】这是一个因果复合句,前半句是原因,后半句表示结果。而在表示原因的从句中,宾语较为复杂,of后面跟了一个主语从句,其主句又是一个主语从句。what isinthe sea是一种婉转的说法,即海洋中的生物,或文中所说的生物量(biomass)。另外,注意recorded bychanges incatch sizes是一个过去分词结构,修饰the one(即the actual biomass)。

32.Someindividuals would thereforenot have beencaught,since no baitedhooks would havebeen available to trapthem,leadingto an underestimate offish stocks inthe past.

【译文】有些鱼因此并没有被捕获,因为没有更多的带饵鱼钩来捕获它们,这就导致低估过去的鱼量。

【分析】这是一个因果复合句,主句是Some individuals would therefore nothave been caught。leading toanunderestimateoffishstocksin the p ast作从句的状语。

33. There willbe television chat shows hostedby robots,andcars with pollutionmonitors that willdisablethem whenthey offend.

【译文】届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视聊天节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排污超标,监控器就会使其停驶。

【分析】本句的主干结构是There will be televisionchatshow… and cars…。过去分词结构hosted byrobots修饰television chat shows,而限制性定语从句(thatwilldisable them whenthey offend)则修饰前面的pollution monitors,状语从句(whenthey offend) 是限制性定语从句的状语。

34. NBAC will ask that Clinton's 90-day ban on federal funds fo rhuman cloningbe extended indefinitely,andpossibly thatitbe made law.

【译文】NBAC会要求将克林顿所颁布的在90天内禁止联邦基金用于克隆人的禁令无限期地延续下去,还可能要求将之立法。

【分析】这个句子的主语是NBAC,谓语ask后面是两个并列的宾语从句,找出ask的两个宾语从句是理解这个句子的关键,同时注意虚拟语气的运用,明白谓语动词为什么用be动词原形。在第一个从句中,主语是ban,谓语是be extended,即the90-dayban should beextended。在第二个从句中,it指代theban on federalfunds for humancloning。

35. Ina draft preface to therecommenddations, discussedat the 17May meeting,Shapirosuggestedthat thepanel hadfound abroad consensus thatitwouldbe “morallyunacceptable to attemp tto createa humanchild by adult nuclear cloning.”

【译文】在5月17日的会议上所讨论的这份建议书的序言草案中,夏皮罗提出,专家组已经达成广泛共识,那就是“试图通过成人细胞核克隆来制造人类幼儿的做法在道德上是不可接受的”。

【分析】这个简单句的主干其实就是Shapiro suggested that从句。主语前面的部分是该句的状语,其中recommendations后面的过去分词结构是表明时间的修饰成分。主句的宾语从句中包含了一个consensus的同位语从句,解释的是consensus的内容,这个同位语从句中的it充当的是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式to attempt to create a human child by adultnuclearcloning。该句的主要信息集中的两个地方:一个是the panel…found… consensus…,另一个是对于consensus的解释,尤其是对其中形式主语的理解。

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it 作形式宾语放在动词与宾语补足语之间,指代不定式、动名词、从句等,此时,it 无实际意义。这种情况只能用于能以名词或形容词作宾语补足语的动词后面,如feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, suppose, think, deem, regard, count 等。3. At the very least, the court should make itself subject to the code of conduct that applies to the rest of the federal judiciary. 【分析】复合句。At the very least在句首作状语,that 引导定语从句修饰the code of conduct。 【译文】至少,法院应当服从适用于联邦司法系统其余部门的行为准则。 4. They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power and have no need to cultivate political support. 【分析】复合句。主句为They gave justices permanent positions, so 引导目的状语从句,从句主干为they would be free...and have no need...。 【译文】他们给予法官们终身任期,以便法官们能自由地推翻当权者,且无需拉拢政治支持。 5. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social concepts like liberty and property. 【分析】复合句。主句为Constitutional law is political。because 引导原因状语从句;其中分词短语rooted in... 作定语修饰choices, 介词短语like liberty and property 修饰concepts。

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1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. 结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true…。since引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句,修饰the high-energy American fashion。在定语从句中,that做主语,makes做谓语,it做形式宾语,不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语(不定式短语内部to combine是主干,few farmers是宾语,with high yields 是状语),possible做宾语补足语。this指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch译为“能源的匮乏”;in…fashion译为“用…方法、方式”。 译文:这种困境将是确定无疑的,因为能源的匮乏,高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去,而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。 2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter,we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison. 结构分析:句子的主干是we must be sure…。since引导原因状语从句the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter。主句中又有that引导的宾语从句that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison。此宾语从句中又套嵌一个由介词with+which引导的定语从句with which we are comparing our subjects 修饰先行词the scale。scale在此处意为“尺度、衡量标准”。 译文:既然对智力的评估相比较而言的,那么我们必须确保,在对我们的对象进行比较时,我们所用的尺度能够提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。 精品文档

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