考研英语长难句解析

考研每日一句长难句解析（40--50）

长难句解析（40）

But particularly when viewed against America's turbulent past, today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.（2006-阅读1）

词汇突破：

turbulent 动荡的同chaotic

indice 指数

deteriorating 恶化的

deteriorate 恶化= go from bad to worse

结构分析：

when之后省略主语today's social indices。

参考译文：

但是，尤其是较之美国动荡的过去，今天的社会指标表明美国的社会不算黑暗，也未恶化。佳句仿写：省略；deteriorate

There are fears that unless timely addressed, the problem of air pollution will deteriorate.

人们担心，如果不能得到及时处理，大气污染问题将进一步恶化。

长难句解析（41）

Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety. （2007-阅读4）

【词汇突破】

odd 临时的

put right 恢复正常；改正

agenda 议事日程，议程on the agenda

variety 种类

【结构分析】

①句子主干：information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda。

②Left，seen为过去分词作并列状语，因它们与主语information protection构成被动关系，故采用过去分词。

③to put right为目的状语；be left to sb；被留给某人；be seen as sth：被视为某物；a concern of sb：为某人所关注。

【参考译文】

此前，信息保护一直被留给临时的低层信息技术人员解决，并且被视为仅受诸如银行业、电信业以及航空旅行业等信息资源丰富的产业关注。如今，信息保护已成为各行各业老板议事日程中需要优先考虑的问题。

【佳句仿写】

环保受到所有人关注，它是“两会”议程中需要优先考虑的问题。

Seen as a concern of everyone, environmental protection is high on the agenda of the NPC (National People’s Congress) and the CPPCC (Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference).

长难句解析（42）

Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore –and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands. （2007-阅读4）

【词汇突破】

obvious 明显的。同义词：evident

dim 迟钝的；昏暗的

valuable 有价值的。invaluable 无价的，非常宝贵的

asset 资产。fixed assets investment固定资产投资

sensitive 敏感的。反义词：insensitive

【结构分析】

①句子主干：it should be obvious that…and that…。It为形式主语，两个that分别引导主语从句；

②主语从句1：that trust is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore。that most valuable of economic assets作同位语，修饰trust；

③主语从句2：that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands。基本结构为few things are more likely to…than…，形为比较级，意为最高级：没有比……更……。few things的比较对象为动名词letting……，a company为letting的逻辑主语。

【参考译文】

当然，即使最迟钝的管理人员也应该清楚，信任这种最有价值的经济资产很容易被破坏，而要恢复却代价高昂。他们还应清楚，很少有什么比让敏感个人信息落入错误的人手中更能破坏信任了。

【佳句仿写】与few things are more likely to…than…类似的结构，如：Nothing is worse/more important than doing sth，表示最高级含义。

Nothing is more important than keeping abreast of the times and constantly updating their knowledge reserves.

对教师来说，没有什么比紧跟时代步伐、不断扩大知识储备更重要。

Nothing is worse than being ignorant.

没有什么比无知更糟糕。

长难句解析（43）

“The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.”（2007-阅读4）

【词汇突破】

guard（n./vt.）守卫，护卫

board 董事会。board of directors

on behalf of 代表某人

shareholder 股东。注意stakeholder 利益相关者；stockholder 股东

【结构分析】

①主干The ability is the key。to guard customer data为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰The ability。to market value为介词短语作定语。the key to sth/doing sth，意思为：……的关键。

②which引导非限制性定语从句。which指代逗号前整句内容，同时，充当for的宾语。【参考译文】

“保护消费者信息的能力是市场价值的关键因素，董事会应该代表股东为此负责”。

【佳句仿写】the ability/need to do sth

The ability to innovate is being underlined by businesses of every variety.

各行各业都在突出创新能力的重要性。

长难句解析（44）

For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. （2007-阅读3）

【词汇突破】

campaign 开展运动；参加竞选

guarantee 保证，确保；担保

return 回报，报答。in return for sth. 作为回报

【结构分析】

①主干President Bush campaigned。to move ……model为目的状语。

②with retirees trading……returns为独立主格结构。其中，retirees为独立主格结构的主语，与trade构成主谓关系，故用trading。trade A for B，以A 换取B。depending为动名词作后置定语，修饰payments。

【参考译文】

在去年的大部分时间里，布什总统鼓吹将社会保险转变为一种储蓄账户模式。在这一模式下，退休人员将其大多数或全部有保障收入用于交换依靠投资回报所得的收入。

【佳句仿写】独立主格结构

With our government putting high priority on environmental protection, we are confident that, in the near future, we can live under a bluer sky and breathe in cleaner air.

政府高度重视环保问题，因此，我们相信，在不远的将来，我们能生活在更蓝的天空下，呼吸更洁净的空气。

This “added-worker effect”could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times.（2007-阅读3）

【词汇突破】

net 网

insurance 保险

disability 残疾；无能，无力

weather vt. 经受住

【结构分析】

①主干This “added-worker effect”could support the safety net。

②offered by…insurance为过去分词作后置定语，修饰net。动词不定式to help families weather bad times作目的状语。

【参考译文】

这种“额外劳动者效应”可以使失业保险或残疾保险编织成的安全网更为牢固，以便帮助家庭渡过难关。

【佳句仿写】

Flowers growing up in the greenhouse can’t weather storms.

温室中成长的花朵经受不起风雨。

每日长难句解析（46）

During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. （2007-阅读3）

【词汇突破】

count on/upon sb/sth to do sth 依靠；指望

financial 金融的。n. finance

secure 安全的。n. security

transform…into…改变，转换。n. transformation

【结构分析】

①主干the American family had been transformed。

②定语从句that once could count on hard work and fair play，其中that代指先行词family。to keep itself financially secure充当宾语hard work and fair play的补语。

【参考译文】

在过去的一代人中间，美国那些曾经可以依靠勤奋工作和公平竞争以维持其收入稳定的中产阶层家庭，已被经济风险和新的现实所改变。

【佳句仿写】

Stories with the theme that everyone can count on hard work and fair play to realize dreams have inspired a great many people.

以人人可以通过勤奋工作和公平竞争实现梦想为主题的故事激励了许多人。

每日长难句解析(47)

It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. （2007-阅读2）【词汇突破】

obvious 明显的

capacity 能力

visualize 设想，想象

figure out 想出；算出；解决

numerical 数字的

elude 使困惑；把……难倒

【结构分析】

①主干It’s not obvious，it为形式主语。

②主语从句how……philosophers。其主干为how the capacity suits one。to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰capacity。

③定语从句that ……philosophers，修饰先行词questions。

④suits one to answer questions中的to answer questions充当宾语one的补语。

【参考译文】

设想物体、判断数字模式的能力如何使一个人能够回答出甚至把一些最杰出的诗人和哲学家都难倒的问题，这一点尚不清楚。

【佳句仿写】

It’s obvious that the capacity to express themselves in English fluently helps college graduates to have better job prospects.

显然，用英语流畅地表达自己这一能力有助于大学毕业生拥有更好的就业前景

每日长难句解析（48）

While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. （2007-翻译）

【词汇突破】

comment （v. n）comment on sth评论

reaction (to) sth 对……的反应

enhance 提高；增加

preferable 更好的，更可取得A be preferable to B

notion 想法

【结构分析】

①主干it is preferable ……judgments。其中，it为形式主语，真正主语为动词不定式短语to ……judgments。For后的journalists为不定式的逻辑主语。

②让步状语从句While ……stories。

【参考译文】

尽管律师的评论和反应可能会增加报道的质量，新闻记者最好依靠自己对重要性的理解自行做出判断。

【佳句仿写】While..., it is preferable (for sb) to…

While economic boom is indispensible to us, it is preferable to strike a balance between economic advance and ecological environmental protection.

经济繁荣对我们而言固然不可或缺，但最好能在经济发展与生态环境保护之间找到平衡点。

每日长难句解析(49)

On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. （2007-翻译）

【词汇突破】

link 与……有关联。Link A to B, A be linked to B

concept 观念，概念

parallel 平行的。常考run/be parallel to sth

forge 缔造；伪造

【结构分析】

①主干it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner。

②时间状语从句as they cover and comment on the news。

③定语从句which is parallel to the links，修饰先行词manner。

④定语从句journalists forge，修饰先行词links，省略关系代词that。that在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。

【参考译文】

另一方面，它以某种方式将这些观念与日常生活中的实际问题联系起来，这与记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是一致的。

【佳句仿写】

Happiness is defined by many factors. Undoubtedly,it is closely linked to an optimistic and positive attitude towards life.

幸福是由许多因素界定的。无疑，它与乐观积极的生活态度密切相关。

每日长难句解析（50）

Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. （2004完形填空）

【词汇突破】

center on = focus on

sufficiently 足够地；充分地

penalize 处罚= punish。名词：penalty

misdeed 罪行；不端行为

【结构分析】

①主干Theories suggest + 宾语从句1：that…misdeeds+ 连词or + 宾语从句2：that…with others。其中centering on the individual为动名词作后置定语，修饰Theories。

②宾语从句1中主句为children engage in criminal behavior。原因状语从句：because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds。注意，or连接的第二个从句中，that虽不充当成分，无意义，但不能省略。

【参考译文】

关注于个人的理论认为，青少年从事犯罪活动是因为他们没有因以前的恶劣行为受到惩罚，或着是因为他们通过与别人的来往而走向犯罪。

【佳句仿写】…suggestthat…or that…

Experts suggest that many children are overweight because they frequently go to fast food outlets or that they lack sufficient physical exercise.

专家认为，许多孩子肥胖或是因为他们频繁地光顾快餐店，或是因为他们缺乏充足的体育运

动。