比较级的特殊句型

比较级的特殊句型

在英语中，当对两个事物进行程度上的比较时，要采用形容词和副词的特定表现形式或特定句型，即形容词和副词的三个比较等级：同级比较、比较级和最高级。但同级比较和比较级形式不仅仅表现"……与……一样"和"……比……更"的基本概念。由比较级构成的特定句型可以表达更为复杂的意思，并有其特定的译法，是学习者在高级英语学习阶段所应掌握的。

1．"as．．．as．．．"句型可以用来比较两个不同事物或人的两个不同特征，表示两个事物的状况处于同等程度或两个事物之间具有连带关系。译成汉语时，以"而"连接两个事物。例如：

He was as experienced as his brother was green．他经验丰富，而他弟弟初出茅庐。

The prisons are as over-crowded as the farmlands are empty．监狱里人满为患，而农田却无人耕种。

She is as kind as her brother is honest．她很友善，而她哥哥很诚实。

2．"as．．．as．．．"句型还可以用来比较一个事物或一个人的两个不同的特征，表示两个特征同时存在，具有both．．．and．．．的含义，可译成："既……又……"。例如：

The landlord was as greedy as cruel．这个地主既贪婪又残忍。

The problems are as numerous as trivial．问题既多又繁琐。

It is as your fault as yourwife's．这既是你的错误也是你妻子的错误。

3．"as．．．as．．．can be"，"as．．．as any（anything）"，"as．．．as ever lived"：表示某事达到了无以复加的程度，可译成"最"，"极其"。例如：He is as great a mathematician as any（as ever lived）．他是最伟大的数学家。

My sister is as green as green can be．我妹妹毫无经验。

He pretends to be as modest as anything．他装得极为谦虚。

4．"not so much．．．as．．．"：这个句型用以肯定as后面的内容，而在一定程度上否定as前面的内容，表示"与其说……还不如说……"，"更多的是……而不是……"。例如：

Experience shows that success is not so much due to ability as to zeal．

经验表明，成功的背后更多的是热情，而不是能力。

I was attracted not so much by the plot of the story as by the actor's excellent performance．

吸引我的与其说是剧情，还不如说是演员的出色表演。

It wasn’t so much h is appearance I liked as his personality.

It wasn’t so much that I disliked her as that I just wasn’t interested.

5．"As X is to Y，so is A to B．"：这个句型表示A与B之间的关系就像X 与Y之间的关系，以人们所熟知的两个事物之间的关系说明一个不被熟知或被忽视的两事物之间的关系，是一种类比，可译成："A对于B，犹如X对于Y"。例如：

As the house is to the man，so is the nest to the bird．

鸟巢对于鸟的作用，就像房屋对于人的作用。

As lungs are to the animal，so are leaves to the plant．

叶子对于植物的作用犹如肺脏对于动物的作用。

As food is to the body，so is reading to the mind．

读书对于人的思想的作用，犹如食物对于人体的作用。

6．"more A than B"：表示与"not so much．．．as"类似的含义，肯定的是A，而在一定程度上否定B。可译成："与其说是B，还不如说是A"。例如：He is more brave than wise．他有勇无谋。

The child was more frightened than hurt．这孩子的伤倒不算什么，只是受惊吓。

The reason why solar energy is not in widespread use is more economic than technical．太阳能没有广泛应用的原因更多的是资金问题，而不是技术问题。

Many patients die more of worry than of cancer when they get to know the truth about their illness．很多病人在他们了解了病情真相后与其说是死于癌症，还不如说是死于忧虑。

7．"more than ＋名词／形容词／分词……"：表示内容超出了后面词语所表达的范围，可译成"不只于，超过，极其"。例如：

If you tell your father what you've done，he'll be more than a little angry．

如果你告诉你父亲你都做了些什么，他会非常生气。

I more than saw it；I touched it too！我何止看见了，我还摸了摸它！

We were more than happy to hear of your return．听说你回来了，我们极其高兴。

8．"as likely as not"：该结构并无否定含义，表示"很可能"之意，而且语气强烈。例如：

He will forget all about it as likely as not．他很可能会把它忘得一干二净。

He will succeed as likely as not．他很可能会成功。

类似的用法还有：as often as not，more often than not，表示"经常"、"往往"之意。再如：

As often as not the buses are late in peak hours．公交车往往在高峰时间晚点。

More often than not conservative people look backward rather than forward．

保守的人们往往不是向前看，而是往后看。

He comes to work early more often than not．他经常很早就来上班。

【练习】正确理解并翻译下列句子。

1．He was as handsome as his wife was beautiful．

2．As oil is to machines，so is food to man．

3．It wasn't so much his appearance I like as his personality．

4．He is as wrong as wrong can be．

5．He is a scholar more in name than in reality．

6．She is more than pretty．

答案：

1．他英俊而他妻子也美丽。

2．食物对于人正如燃油对于机器。

3．我更多的是喜欢他的人品，而不是他的外表。

4．他大错特错了。

5．他是一个有名无实的学者。

6．她何止漂亮。

英语比较结构具体考点：

特殊结构A is to B what / as X is Y ;

A+倍数或几分之几as + adj. / adv. + as +B.

难点结构：as+adj.+n.+as分句和as much/many + 名词+ as 分句

The work is not as difficult as you think.

This book is twice as thick as that one.

George is as efficient a worker as Jack. = George is a worker(who is) as efficient as Jack.

I don’t want as expensive a car as this = I don’t want a car as expensive as this

I can’t drink as sweet coffee as this=I can’t drink cof fee as sweet as this.

He took as much butter as he needed.

She has written as many essays as her brother( has).

特殊结构：the more … the more (越……越……)；more and more （越来越）This question is less difficult than that that question. (比较对象为彼此独立的人或事物)

Iron is more useful than any other metal. (比较对象具有所属关系, 含有最高级含义)

The city is becoming more and more beautiful.

superior, inferior , senior , junior , major , minor

He is three years senior to me.

This type of computer is superior to that type.

world.

The youngest member of the family is most successful.

Of all forms of energy, electricity is most widely used.

There are more wonders in heaven and earth than are dreamt of. ( than=than what…)天地间的奇迹比人们所梦想的要多得多。

The medicine is more effective than is expected.

dead, deaf, empty, total, whole, perfect, complete, right, wrong, equal, daily false, final absolute, alone, round, pregnant, square, supreme, unique, straight, eternal, unanimous

more than 其含义为: “不仅是，非常，十分”等，用法和意义较多。

more …than 其含义可以是: “与其说……不如说，不是……而是”

What we are doing today is more than donating some money.

今天我们所做的不只是捐一些钱。

Their action was more than justified. 他们的行动是完全有理由的。

He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。

The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.

这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典。

no more than 强调少，意为“只有，不过，仅仅”

not more than 客观叙述，意为“不超过”

He has no more than five dollars on him.他身上仅有5美元。（强调少）

He has not more than five dollars on him.他身上带的钱不超过仅有5美元。（强调数额少于5美元）

no more … than含有消极否定的意思，可译为“A与B都不…，不… 也不”

not more … than 含有积极、肯定的意思，表示程度上的差异。

He is no more diligent than you. 他不勤奋，你也不勤奋。（两人都不勤奋）

He is not more diligent than you.他没有像你那样勤奋。（两人都勤奋，但你更勤奋）no less than = as much as 意为：“竟有…之多，多达”强调多

not less than 意为“不少于，至少”，可观地描述

no less … than 前后均为肯定，含有惊奇的感情色彩。可译为：“是…是，正是，和… 一样, 多达，应有…之多”

His son has read no less than 50 English books. 他的儿子竟然读了50本英文书。（强调多）

His son has read not less than 50 English books. 他的儿子读了不少于50本英文书。（不强调多或少）

The middle-aged man was no less a person than the new minister. 这位中年人正是新来的部长。

Her voice is no less sweet than it used to be. 她的歌声和以前一样甜美。

1. rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如：She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。

2. rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。He is an explorer rather than a sailor. She enjoys singing rather than dancing

3.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做...而不做...”I prefer to watch TV rather than go out.我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。

4.prefer＋that从句“宁愿”（从句一般用虚拟语气）I prefer that you should do it.我宁愿你做这件事。

5.Prefer sth. to sth.“宁愿做...而不做...”. I prefer tea to milk.我宁愿喝茶也不喝牛奶。I prefer watching TV to going out. 我宁愿看电视也不出去。

I prefer to go at once.我愿意马上就走。

prefer sb. to do “愿意某人做” I prefer you to go at once.我倒希望你马上就走。

7.prefer＋名词或动名词“宁愿”，“更喜欢”。He comes from Shanghai, so he prefers rice. 他是上海人，因此更喜欢吃米饭。I prefer going by bike.我宁愿骑单车去。I prefer the white one.我喜欢那个白的。