比较级与比较句型讲义全

比较级及比较句型

一．基本特征

1. 形容词和副词比较级的形式应和比较连词对应出现，即应符合原级比较及比较级的结构。如：

---Do you enjoy listening to records?

---I find records are often as good as, or better than an actual performance.

Young readers, more often than not, find the novels of Dickens far more exciting than Thackeray’s.

---- Thackeray’s novels

3.比较级的修饰语如 a little, a lot, the, any, even, far, hardly, lots, much, rather，还有表示倍数比较的词等，他们的位置是：修饰语+as…as…, 或修饰语+more…than…。如：

Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.

“Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?” “No,

I would gladly have paid twice as much for it.”

4.下列词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较概念：

inferior，minor，senior，prior，prefer to，superior，major，junior，preferable，differ from，compared with，in comparison with，different from，rather than。如：

Their watch is superior to all the other watches on the market.

二．基本用法

1. 同级比较

A. 基本形式“as +原级+as”结构

eg. He’s as tall as I.

B.否定的同级比较常用not as… as或not so … as

eg. He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.

C.变体

1) as + much/many + 名词+ as

There are as many students in Class 3 as in Class 4.

2) as +形原级 + a + 名词 +as

He is as clever a boy as his brother.

3) as + 形+ 不可数名词+ as

4) 名词复数+as +形 + as

I used to have some dolls as lovely as yours.

5) the same as/ be similar to

2.比较级

A.基本结构“比较级+than” 结构

He is taller than I (am tall).

She sees me more often than she sees her brother.

B.变体

1) 形比较级 + 名 + than

He is a cleverer boy than his brother.

2) 名 + 形比较级 + than

He is a boy cleverer than his brother.

3) the + 形比较级 + of + the two

4) superior/ inferior to

3.最高级

A. 常用“the +最高级+比较围”

eg. This is the best picture in the hall.

He sings the best in the class.

B. 变体

1) more… than any other

2) Not … + 比较等级

三. 值得注意的比较级句型

1. 比较级的特殊用法

1）the+比较级, the+比较级

此句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为“越……就越……”，如：

The better I knew him, the more I liked him.

, the less likely I’ll be able to answer them.

该结构一共有三条规则：

1）. the more

2）

3）

the more, the more其实是原因状语从句，前面是原因（从句），后面是结果（主句），倒装句中必须是主句倒装，从句绝对不能够倒装。

例1：The stronger __ magnet, the greater the number of lines of magnetic force.

(A) of (B) the (C) is the (D) is of the

分析：本题显然考查”the more … the more…”结构，the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格，因此只能选择B

例2：The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ___to the body.

(A) the stress it is greater (B) greater is the stress (C) greater stress is (D) the greater the stress

分析：正确答案为D。此题考the more … the more句型，只有D符合这一句型的要求，故选D。

--- the greater the stress it yields to the body

2) the+比较级+of the two：

He is the taller of the two.

She was the more promising worker of the two.

3)比较级+and+比较级

此句型表示“越来越…”，如：

Things are getting better and better every day.

It’s becoming more and more difficult to find a job.

2. as…as…的特殊用法

1)．as．．．as．．

个事物的状况处于同等程度或两个事物之间具有连带关系。

S1 + V1 + as + adj. 1+ S2+V2+adj.2

He was as experienced as his brother was green．

他经验丰富，而他弟弟初出茅庐。

She is as kind as her brother is honest．

crowded as the farmlands are empty．

监狱里人满为患，而农田却无人耕种。(两者程度相等，但是状况截然不同，以突出两者的对比)

2）．as．．．as．．

示两个特征同时存在，具有both．．．and．．．的含义。

S +V+as + adj. 1+ as +adj.2

S+V+as +n.1+as +n.2

The problems are as numerous as trivial．

It is as your fault as your wife‘s．

3）．as．．．as．．．can be, as．．．as any（anything）， as．．．as ever lived：表示某事达到了无以复加的程度，最，极其。

They are as unreliable as they can be．

He is as great a mathematician as any（as ever lived）．

My sister is as green as green can be．

He pretends to be as modest as anything．

4）as likely as not：

该结构并无否定含义，表示很可能之意，而且语气强烈。例如：

He will forget all about it as likely as not．

类似的用法还有：as often as not，more often than not，表示经常、往往之意。

3．not so much ．．．as．．．：

这个句型用以肯定as后面的容，而在一定程度上否定as前面的容，表示“与其说还不如说” 。

Experience shows that success is not so much due to ability as to passion． ---- not so much due to ability as (due) to passion

I was attracted not so much by the plot of the story as by the actor’s excellent performance．

4．(1) As C is to D，so is A to B．：

这个句型表示A与B之间的关系就像X与Y之间的关系，以人们所熟知的两个事物之间的关系说明一个不被熟知或被忽视的两事物之间的关系，是一种类比：A 对于B，犹如X对于Y。例如：

As the house is to the man，so is the nest to the bird．

As food is to the body，so is reading to the mind．

(2) A is to B what C is to D

The people is to the Party’s army what water is to fish.

Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.

5．more than与less than的相关特殊用法

1）more A than B：

表示与not so much．．．as类似的含义，肯定的是A，而在一定程度上否定B。“与其说是B，还不如说是A”。

He is more brave than wise．

The child was more frightened than hurt

Many patients die more of worry than of cancer when they get to know the truth about their illness．

2) more…than…的特殊用法

对同一对象的两个方面进行比较：若是对同一个人或物在不同方面进行取舍时，意为“与其说……倒不如……”，。如：

He is more hungry than tired.

I was more annoyed than worried.

3）more than ＋名词／形容词／分词：

表示容超出了后面词语所表达的围，“不只于，超过，极其”。例如：If you tell your father what you’ve done， h e‘ll be more than a little angry．

We were more than happy to hear of your return．

4) no more…than与not more…than

no more…than表示对两者都否定，意为“同……一样不”(=neither ... nor)；

not more…than指两者虽都具有某种特征，但程度不同，意为“不如”、“不

He is no more a writer than a painter. (= He is neither a painter nor a writer.)

He’s no more able to read Spanish than I am.

(=Neither he nor I am not read Spanish.)

This book is not more difficult than that one.

(=This book is not so difficult as that one.)

5) no more …than 与 no less…than

no more …than意为“与…一样不”，否定两者；

She’s no more a great singer than I am.

他不是优秀歌手，我也不是。

Your brother is no less wise than you.

你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。

6) not +比较级+ than /

no +比较级+ than

比较级前加not

比较级前加no与neither…nor…或“as+相反意义的形容词或副词+as”相当。如：

He is not taller than me.

He is no taller than me.

他同我一样不高。(即一样矮)

His English is not better than mine.

His English is no better than mine.

他的英语同我的英语一样不好。(即一样差)