初中英语语法讲座讲课讲稿
初中英语语法讲座
这一讲里，主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法，特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。
一、名词
关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。
单数---可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是a
可数名词
名词的根据数复数
不可数名词
1.复数的构成方法：
(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog--dogs。
(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch--watches。
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es，如：country--countries。
请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s如：monkey--monkeys。
(4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es 构成复数。
(5)以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es，如：knife--knives。
2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheep，fish—fish, Chinese--Chinese，Japanese--Japanese
3.特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth--teeth，foot-- feet
(2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen, Frenchman--Frenchmen
请区别：German(德国人)--Germans
(3)child—children
4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。
如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours.
5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理)
No news is good news.
6.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等来修饰可数名词复数。
How many are there in your pencil-box? (knife)
不可数名词：
1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。
应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.
2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。
如：Some bread over there. (be)
3.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of ,some, any等来修饰不可数名词。
4.常用a piece of, a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：two pieces of bread
请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples
例： 1、These two pieces of bread are over there.(be)
2、Could I have three ,please？
A. piece of bread
B. .piece of breads
C. pieces of bread D .pieces of breads
名词的格
名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“ 's”。如：Tom→Tom's译为“…的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“ '”即可。如：Teachers' Day , two weeks' holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加's 。如：Children's Day
关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点：
1.可用名词所有格表示地点。如：my aunt's 我姑姑家。 go to the doctor's 去医生家。
2.表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加's如：Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的
3.掌握词组：a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
eg ; The white shirt is and blue one is
A、Kate ,my B .Kate's ,mine C .Kate ,mine D .Kate's, my
二、冠词
冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，中考也会体现这一点。归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点：
1.冠词指不定冠词a, an和定冠词the
2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an hour, an English car. 请区别：a useful machine
3.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the
4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：the sun ,the moon, the earth
5.定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。
如：the first, the best ,in the south
6.在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。
如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.
7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair
8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：
(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer, in August 请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)
(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football
(3)一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school ,by bus ,,at night.
9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：
in front of 在…前面 in the hospital 在医院里
in the front of 在…范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院
There's 800-metre-long road behind hospital.
A. an, an B .a, a C .an, the D. a, the
三、数词
同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。
1.基数词变序数词。其规律为：
1,2,3特殊记，加th 从4起 (first, second, third, fourth)
8少t，9去e，千万别忘记 (eighth ,ninth)
逢5逢12，ve变f (fifth ,twelfth)
20到90，y要变ie (twentieth ,ninetieth)
若是几十几，前基后序别倒位 (ninety-first)
2.hundred,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。如：five hundred people.
只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式。
hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的
thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的
millions of 数百万的
这些词组前不能用具体数字。
3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用。
eg: Henry has learned eight French words this year.
A. hundred
B. hundreds C .hundred of D .hundreds of
The lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty)
另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。
顺读法(钟点＋分钟) 如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five
4:15 four fifteen
倒读法(分钟＋to／past＋钟点) 如：4:30 half past four
4:15 fifteen past four／a quarter past four
4:45 fifteen to five／a quarter to five
练习题
1.At the beginning of the_______(twenty) century, the world's population was about 1700 million.
2.Are these_____(watch)yours? Yes.
3.You don't look well. You'd better go to the______(doctor) at once.
4.Would you give me ________, please?
A. two papers B .two piece of paper C. two pieces of paper D .two pieces of papers
5.There are three _____and seven ____in the picture.
A. monkeys , sheeps
B. monkeys, sheep
C. monkies, sheep
D. monkies, sheeps
6.A lot of____ are talking with two_______.
A. Germans, Frenchmans
B. Germen, Frenchmans
C. German, Frenchmen
D. Germans, Frenchmen
7.June 1 is ______________.
A. the Children's Day
B. the C hildrens' Day C .Children's Day D. Childrens' Day 思考题
1.__________people went out to see what had happened.
A. Thousands of
B. Three thousand of
C. Thousand of
D. Three thousands
2.We have been in the school for______.
A. three and a half month B .three and a half months
C. three month and a half D .three months and half
3._____English is_____ useful language.
A.A, an
B./, a
C. The, an
D. A, /
四、代词
(一)
人称代词主格I you he she it we you they
宾格me you him her it us you them
物主代词形容词性my your his her its our your their
名词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代词myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。
2.注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。
如：⑴These books aren't ours. Ours are new. (这里ours=our books)
⑵This is not our room. Ours is over there. (这里ours=our room)
3."of+名词性物主代词"表示所属
如：a sister of his 他的一个妹妹
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
4.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。如：You, she and I all enjoy the music.
5.关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：
enjoy oneself=have a good time (过得很愉快)
by oneself=alone (单独、独自)
help oneself to… (随便吃/喝些...)
learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自学)
练习题
1.-Whose trousers are these? -_____, I think.
A. They
B. Their
C. Theirs
D. Them
2. Nobody taught___ English. He taught____.
A. him, himself
B. his, himself C .him, by himself D. his, his
（二）
修饰可数词 many few 表否定意义 a few 表肯定意义
修饰不数名词much little 表否定意义 a little 表肯定意义
few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a.
如:There are quite a few new books in the library.
用little, a little, few, a few填空:
1.I often stay at home because I have _______ friends here.
2.Jim,don't go and get some water. There is ______ water in the glass.
3.Though he learned French only ________ weeks. He can speak very well.
4.Lily had _________ bread because she was hungry yesterday.
（三）不定代词: something, anything, nothing.
当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。如：something new
There's ____ in today's newspaper. 中考题
A. important anything
B. important something
C. anything important
D. something important
(四)另外，代词some, every, all, both, either, another
1.some（一些，某）一般用于肯定句中注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。
any（任何）多用于疑问句和否定句
① Will you give me some water?
② Would you like some meat?
③ May I ask some questions?
④ Could I have some apples?
2.every＋单数名词“每一个” 强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。
each “每一个” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。
如：Each student was asked to try again.
Each of them has a nice skirt.
Every child likes playing games.
3.all “(全部)都” 表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。
none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of
如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.
None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可）
4.both “（两者）都” 作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。
either “两者中任何一个” ,作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。
neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同either。
如：They both swim well. ＝Both of them swim well.
There are trees on both sides of the street.
= There are trees on either side of the street.
Neither of us is going to Beijing next week
Neither answer is right.
5. another +单数名词, “另一个”
one … the other “一个……，另一个……”
the other +复数名词
= the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部）
others “别人”
(五)疑问代词 5个“wh”, 即who, whose, whom, what, which
这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which. I'm going to take the skirt on the right. (97中考题)
________ ________ are you going to take?
五、形容词副词
大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：
原级：
比较级：比较...，更...一些
最高级：最...
（A）1.构成：(规则情况)
情况变化方法例词
单音节词和少数双音节词: 一般情况加er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest
以字母e结尾加r, st nice-nicer-nicest
重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加er, est big-bigger-biggest
以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加er, est early-earlier-earliest
部分双音节和多音节词在词前加more, most
slowly-more slowly-most slowly
2.不规则变化，须熟记：
good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthest
bad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least
(B)常见的使用情况
1.as … as … 和...一样（中间用原级）
2.not as(so) … as 和...不一样（中间用原级）
3… than …. ..比...（用比较级）
4.有范围修饰的用最高级如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的
eg. ⑴Winter is the coldest season of the year.
⑵This is the best film that I have ever seen .
5.比较级+and+比较级意为“越来越…...”
eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful
6. The+比较级，the+比较级越…...就越…...
eg:The more, the better. 越多越好
(C)注意点：
1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。
2.可用much, a little, even, still等修饰比较级。
3.在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one, that, those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。
eg: The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.
(D)掌握三种同义句转换：
1.He is taller than any other student in his class.
=He is the tallest (student)in his class.
2.This film is less interesting than that one.
=This film isn't as interesting as that one.
=That film is more interesting than this one.
3.I prefer maths to English.
=I like maths better than English.
96中考题：
Which do you like _____, fish, meat _____ eggs?
A .best, or
B .better, or
C .best, and D. better, and
此外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握：
1.形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词之后作表语。
2.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词
enough属例外词：形/副+enough to do enough+名词
eg; she is old enough to go to school. 她够上学的年龄了。
3.区别几组易混淆的副词:
也
too用于肯定、疑问句
also 较为正式书面语
either 用于否定句
已经
already 常用于肯定句、疑问句
yet 常用于否定句、疑问句
不再
no (not any) longer 从时间上讲
no (not any) more 从动作上讲
如此这样
such 修饰名词 eg: such a big box
so 修饰形容词、副词 eg: so big
单独、独自
alone 作表语 =by oneself
孤独的
lonely 可作表语、定语
eg: A group of girls are singing and dancing ______ over there. (happy) 练习题
1.The students are having a good time in the park.
Some are drawing by the lake. _____ are climbing the hill.
A. Others
B. Other
C. Another
D. The other
2.There isn't _____ in today's newspaper.
A. important something
B. important anything
C. anything important
D. nothing important
3.-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sister's?
-No ,Mum. It's not ______. It's ______.
A. hers, my
B. her, my
C. Mine, hers
D. hers, mine
思考题
1.The Changjiang River is the third _____ river in the world.
A. long
B. longer
C. longest
D. the longest
2. An elephant is _____ than a horse.
A. more strong
B. much stronger
C. the most strong
D. much more strong
3. Which do you like _____, tea, orange or water?
A. good B .Well C. Better D. Best
六、介词
1．与形容词搭配的词组有：
be afraid of （怕）be angry with （生某人的气）
be away from （不在某地）be different from （与…不同）
be good at （善于）be good/ bad for (对…有益/有害)
be interested in （对…感兴趣）be late for （迟到）
be/get ready for （为作好准备）be sure of (对…有把握)
be worried about （为…感到担忧）
2．介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式
1)You must take good care of her.
2)Thank you for teaching us so well.
3．几组易混淆的介词
A．“在...之后”in + 一段时间（用于一般将来时）
after + 一段时间（用于一般过去时）
after + 一点时间（常用于一般将来时）
如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour.
The baby will stop crying in half an hour.
They will visit their teacher after Friday.
B．f or +一段时间
since +过去的一点时间
这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续向同学们讲解。
C．b e made of "用……制成"
be made in “由某地制造”
be made by somebody “由某人制成”
D．i n, on, at表时间
in “在某月(季节、年)等”
eg: in 1996, in January, in summer
固定词组：in the morning, in a week, in a minute, in time, in the end
on "用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等"
eg: on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16
at “用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中”
固定词组：at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意：在表时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow 前不用介词。如:不能说 in tomorrow ,只能说 tomorrow 在明天
E. except +宾格/doing something "除…之外” （不包括本身）
Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同义句转换)
=Only Lin Tao isn't at school today.
F．“用” 通过交通工具 by plane
用语言 in English
通过媒介 on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV
用工具手段 with a pen, with one's hands
G．b etween “在~和~（两者）之间”
between...and...,
between the two...
among 在...之间(三者或三者以上)
eg. Sue spent over two hours ____ her homework yesterday evening.
A. on
B. with
C. at
D. over
七、连词
1．并列连词
both…and 既~又~谓语用复数动词
neither…nor 既不~也不~含否定意义，（就近原则）谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数。
either…or… “或者…或者…”“不是…就是…”
and“和”连接两个并列成分,连接谓语时,两个动词时态应一致。
but “但是” 表转折，不能与 though 同时出现在句中。
or “或者”在否定句中，并列句中的列举常用 or，而不用 and。
eg: I have brothers and sisters.(否)
I don't have brothers or sisters.
= I have no brothers and no sisters.
2．引导宾语从句的连词
陈述句：that 可省略
一般疑问句：if /whether “是否”
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词
最新【初中英语语法专项练习】连词专项练习讲课教案
一、选择填空( ) 1. ________ it was early, she turned off the radio and went to bed. A. Because B. Though C. Since D. As ( ) 2. Which shirt is more expensive, the white one ________ the green one? A. and B. or C. but D. so ( ) 3. Work hard, ________ you’ll learn English well. A. and B. but C. for D. or ( ) 4. You may go ________ you clean the classroom. A. before B. because C. as soon as D. after ( ) 5. He is a teacher ________ I am a farmer. A. or B. so C. but D. while ( ) 6. I like autumn ________ I can have a lot of fruit. A. but B. if C. though D. because ( ) 7. ________ Jim ________ Kate has come. I don’t know when they will come. A. Both…and B. Not only….but also C. Neither….nor D. either…or ( ) 8. He’s at home these days. You may come ________ today ________ tomorrow. A. either…or B. both….and C. not only…but also D. neither…nor ( ) 9. My grandma is old ________ strong. A. and B. or C. but D. so ( ) 10. The boy is clever, ________, he often makes mistakes. A. and B. however C. when D. or ( ) 11. You’d better put on more clothes, ________ it’s very cold outside. A. for B. and C. because of D. or ( ) 12. ________ I went into the classroom,, the students were talking about the film. A. While B. After C. When D. Before ( ) 13. We’ll go back to the fields ________ the snow stops. A. as soon as B. because C. but D. and ( ) 14. The plane flew so high ________ it looked very small. A. that B. why C. whether D. / ( ) 15. I didn’t get up ________ Father came back from the factory. A. when B. until C. while D. because ( ) 16. I don’t know ________ or not we’ll have an exam tomorrow. A. if B. when C. whether D. that if ( ) 17. Please speak loudly ________ I can hear a little better. A. though B. so that C. that D. while ( ) 18. Please speak loudly ________ I can hear a little better. A. though B. so that C. such that D. as ( ) 19. Ring me up ________ you come to my house. A. though B. as C. before D. than ( ) 20. More people came ________ I expected. A. as if B. so that C. since D. than ( ) 21. You must do ________ I told you. A. after B. before C. where D. as ( ) 22. Class One is ________ large ________ Class Two. A. so, that B. as, as C. such, that D. so, as ( ) 23. They will be thankful for ________ you have done. A. what B. that C. which D. who ( ) 24. I will write to you ________ I get there. A. while B. as soon as C. as D. since ( ) 25. ________ he is old, he can walk very fast. A. If B. Although C. Since D. Because ( ) 26. We’ll go to visit the Great Wall ________ it rains tomorrow. A. since B. as soon as
(完整版)初中英语语法专项代词练习及答案
初中英语语法代词专项练习 —————人称代词、物指代词 （1）按要求写出下列代词的形式 1、I（宾格）________ 2、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 3、us（主格）________ 4、they（宾格）________ 5、she（宾格）________ 6、you（名词性物主代词）________ 7、it（宾格）________ 8、my（复数）________ 9、him（复数）________ 10、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 11、we（单数）________ 12、they（名词性物主代词）________ 13、I（反身代词）________ 14、you（反身代词）________ 15、she（反身代词）________ 16、he（反身代词）________ 17、it（反身代词）________ 18、I（反身代词）________ （2）选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。 1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）. 3.（He / His）name is Mark. 4. What’s（she / her）name? 5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li? 7.（I/ My）am Ben. 8.（She / Her）is my sister. 9. Fine , thank（your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）? （3）用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _________( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ). 10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher. （4）填上正确的人称代词和物主代词 1._____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。 3. Who is there? It’s _____.是谁啊？是我。 4. Come with _____. 跟我来。 5. ______ classroom is bigger than ____. 你们的教室比我们的要大。 6. _____ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 7.I want to buy some balloons for ______. 我想买些气球送给他。 8. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。 9. _____ like ______ very much. 他们非常喜欢它。 10. Let _____ give _____ a book. 让我给你一本书。
初中英语语法视频讲座
初中英语语法视频讲座 篇一：初中英语语法讲座(一) (5) 初中英语语法讲座（一） 姓名_____________ 一、名词 关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。 ┌单数---可用 a、an 来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用 an，而不是 a 可数名词 名词的根据数└复数 不可数名词 1.复数的构成方法： (1)一般在复数名词后加 s，如：dog--dogs。 (2)以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词加 es，如：watch--watches。 (3)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i 加 es，如：country--countries。 请区别：如果是元音字母加 y 结尾的名词，则只须加 s 如：monkey--monkeys。 (4)以 o 结尾的名词，只有 potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加 es 构成复数。 (5)以 f、fe 结尾的名词，变 f、fe 为 v 再加 es，如：knife--knives。 2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheep，fish—fish, Chinese--Chinese，Japanese--Japanese 3.特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth--teeth，foot-- feet (2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen, Frenchman--Frenchmen 请区别：German(德国人)--Germans (3)child—children 4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这 些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。 如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours. 5.有些名词看似复数形式， 实际上是单数。 这一点是同学不易掌握的， 应特别加以记忆。 如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理) 6.可用 how many，many，a few，few，a lot of， lots of，some，any 等来修饰可数名词复数。 不可数名词： 1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。 应特别记 medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood. 2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。 如：Somebreadover there.(be) 3.常用 how much, much, a little, little, a lot of ,some, any 等来修饰不可数名词。 4.常用 a piece of, a cup of 等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，
初中英语语法专题讲座03冠词
初中英语语法专题讲座——冠词 【复习要点】 英语的冠词分为三种：不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）。 一、不定冠词： 英语中不定冠词有两个：a, an。a用于以辅音音素开头的词前，例如：a room, a red apple, a useful book；an用于元音音素开头的词前，例如：an egg, an old man, an hour。 1、不定冠词的基本用法： 不定冠词主要用于泛指和类指，有时也用于特指（如以下第⑵条）。 ⑴、表示“一个（one）；每一个（each）”，例如：There is a table and four chairs in the room. 房间里有一张餐桌和四张椅子。He comes to visit me twice a year. 他每年来看我两次。 a和one有时可以互换，例如：There were nearly a / one hundred people at the meeting.有将近100人参加了会议。 但是，在一些习惯用语中，a和one是不可互换的。例如：once upon a time（从前）和one day（有一天）这两个短语中的a, one就不能互换；an hour or two 和one or two hours （一两个小时）这两个短语中的an, one也不能互换。 请注意： a (an) 虽表示“一个”，但不强调数量，而是强调类别；one则强调数量。 例：I bought a computer. 我买了一台电脑。（不是收音机和电视机）I bought one computer. 我买了一台电脑。（不是两台） ⑵、表示“某一个（a certain）”，例如：She went to buy a dictionary. 他去买了一本词典。（没有买别的东西）We used to live in a small house. 我们曾经住在一间小屋子里。 ⑶、表示一类中的任何一个，通常不必译成中文。例如：A horse is an animal. (= Horses are animals. / The horse is an animal.) 马是一种动物。 提示：表示某一类人或物时，可用下面三种方法： The dog is a faithful animal.（用定冠词）A dog is a faithful animal.（用不定冠词） Dogs are faithful animals. （用复数形式，不加定冠词） 2 、不定冠词的特别用法： 用在序数词前，表示“再一次，又一个”。例如：You’ll have to do it a second time. 你得再做一次。I don’t think we’ll need a third person. 我认为我们不再需要第三个人了。 二、定冠词： 定冠词只有一个：the其发音是：在元音音素前读/eI/，在辅音音素前读/e? /。 1、定冠词的基本用法：一般情况下，定冠词主要用于特指和类指，例如： ⑴表示前面提到过的人或物，例如：There is a chair in the room. An old man is sitting on the chair.房间里有一把椅子，椅子上坐着一位老人。 ⑵表示谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：I don’t know the man. Is he your English teacher?我不认识那个人，他是你们的英语老师吗？
初中英语语法知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
初中英语语法知识—动词时态的全集汇编含解析
一、选择题 1．We were in Qingdao last spring and _______ great fun there. A．is having B．are having C．had D．have 2．Will you go fishing if it ________ tomorrow? A．didn’t rain B．doesn’t rain C．won’t rain 3．—Surprise! Cindy is singing in the concert. —But she ______. A．will refuse B．refused C．refuses D．has refuse 4．No noise, please. Your brother ________ his homework in the next room. A．does B．is doing C．did D．has done 5．Boys and girls, there ________an English speech competition in two weeks. A．will have B．has C．is going to be D．are going to be 6．Dick __________ in America, but he has been ___________ Chinese food since he moved to China. A．used to live; used to eating B．is used to live; used to eat C．is used to live; used to eating D．used to living; used to eat 7．My mother will be very angry with me when she out where I have been. A．finds B．found C．will find D．has found 8．—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. —I’m so sorry. But I my homework. A．had done B．was doing C．would do D．am doing 9．Doctor Ray, as well as other scientists __________ trees for nearly 15 years, but they know only a little about them. A．study B．studies C．has studied D．have studied 10．— Who ________the classroom tomorrow, Tony? — Our group. A．will clean B．cleans C．cleaned D．clean 11．He _______ to school by bike, but now he _____ to school on foot. A．used to going, gets used to going B．used to go, gets used to go C．used to go, gets used to going 12．My grandfather ________ live in the countryside, but now he ________ living in the city. A．used to; used to B．was used to; gets used to C．used to; is used to D．was used to; used to 13．Look at Amy. She ________ for the school bus.
初中英语语法专项代词讲解及习题代词
初中英语语法专项习题—代词一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 温馨提示：考查人称代词时，该词谓语动词前用主格形式，在行为动词和介词后则用宾格形式，而在名词前应该用形容词性物主代词，如果物主代词后省略了被修饰的名词，就用名词性物主代词。在考题中如果有“亲自、独自、自己”等含义，或出现一些由by等连接的固定搭配时，则用反身代词。 1. 人称代词 人称代词用来指人、动物或事物的代词，分为主格和宾格。主格作主语，宾格作宾语。 小试牛刀： ( ) 1 Though it rained heavily, _______ were still playing on the playground. A. they B. them C. their D. themselves ( ) 2 Tom and _______ will go to see our teacher, for ________ is ill. A. I; she B. me; she C. I; her D. me; her ( ) 3 Only_________know it. A. I and he B. he and you C. he and I D. I and you ( ) 4 I saw ________ playing in the street at that time. A. them B. they C. their D. theirs ( ) 5 Jim will give _________ a short talk tomorrow. A. we B. us C. our D. ours
初中英语语法结构图示
初中英语常用语法结构图示 一、词法： 单数 普通名词可数名词复数，复数变化规则 名词不规则名词复数形式 不可数名词及量的表示 专有名词: 人名、地名、国家名。大写，不加冠词 名词的格’s 多用于有生命的事物 of 多用于无生命的事物 人称代词：主格与宾格：人称代词的排序； 物主代词：形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词 反身代词：构成；Own 的用法 that, this, these, those的用法； 指示代词such, so 的用法,the same as.的用法； so+（助）动词＋主语与so+主语＋（助）动词的区别。 代词one, another, the other, others, other等词的用法; one与it的区别; both,与all的区别; some, any的用法区别. 不定代词every与each的用法 either，neither，none的用法 -body,-one-thing-where与some, any, every，no的组合； any，many ，a few，few，much，a little，little等词的用法。 疑问代词：who, what, which, whose, whom It的用法表示天气、气候、季节、时间、阴暗、距离、状况等做主语； 作形式主语与形式宾语； 定冠词的用法：特指 冠词：（a, an, the）不定冠词的用法：不特指 不用冠词的情况 作用:定语和表语及其位置. The＋形容词＝复数名词 用法 单音节词 形容词构成双音节词 多音节词 比较级与最高级不规则词 as+原级+as ；not as(so)＋原级+ as 比较级＋比较级 The＋比较级+范围 The＋比较级，the +比较级 序数词+最高级 副词与形容词的用法区别及相互转换 级别方面用法与形容词相同 already, yet; ago, before, since; now, just now; sometime. Some time, sometimes;频度副词； 副词几个副词的用法so that, so…that; too…to; too, either, everyday, every day, every other day; enough;
初中英语语法知识—动词时态的全集汇编含解析(1)
一、选择题 1．My mother when I got home yesterday. A．will cook B．cooks C．has cooked D．was cooking 2．Becky took a photo of her friends while they _________ computer games. A．play B．are playing C．were playing D．have played 3．—Look, Tom's parents look so sad. —Maybe they what's happened. A．knew B．have known C．has known D．will know 4．—How long can I _____ the English workbook? —For two weeks. A．borrow B．to borrow C．keep D．to keep 5．We’re not sure _______ there’ll be _______ or not tomo rrow. A．if; rains B．if; rainy C．whether; raining D．whether; rain 6．I________ cleaning my room.It’s clean now. A．have finished B．finished C．finish D．will finish 7．Wang Wei often ________ TV on Sunday evenings, but now he is _______ stories. A．watches; reading B．watching; reads C．looks; reading D．watches; looking 8．My mother _____ dinner when I got home yesterday. A．has cooked B．was cooking C．will cook D．cooks 9．Which of the following is right? A．He is used to live there. B．My main job is spreading the message about protecting the environment. C．I have borrowed the book from the library for two weeks. D．Kids under 18 are not allowed to drive. 10．— Morning, Mike! Did you sleep well last night? — Yes. I went to bed at 9:30 because there ______ a math test this afternoon. A．was B．will be C．is going to have 11．—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. —I’m so sorry. But I my homework. A．had done B．was doing C．would do D．am doing 12．My grandfather ________ live in the countryside, but now he ________ living in the city. A．used to; used to B．was used to; gets used to C．used to; is used to D．was used to; used to 13．—Where are you going, Bob? —To go hiking. Eric____________ for me at the school gate! A．was waiting B．waits C．waited D．is waiting 14．— How is your new coat? — Well, I __________ it on and it fits me well.
初中英语语法专项代词练习(含答案)
代词专项练习 —————人称代词、物指代词 （1）按要求写出下列代词的形式 1、I（宾格）________ 2、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 3、us（主格）________ 4、they（宾格）________ 5、she（宾格）________ 6、you（名词性物主代词）________ 7、it（宾格）________ 8、my（复数）________ 9、him（复数）________ 10、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 11、we（单数）________ 12、they（名词性物主代词）________ 13、I（反身代词）________ 14、you（反身代词）________ 15、she（反身代词）________ 16、he（反身代词）________ 17、it（反身代词）________ 18、I（反身代词）________ （2）选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。 1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）. 3.（He / His）name is Mark. 4. What’s（she / her）name? 5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li? 7.（I/ My）am Ben. 8.（She / Her）is my sister. 9. Fine , thank（your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）? （3）用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _________( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ). 10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher. （4）填上正确的人称代词和物主代词 1._____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。 3. Who is there? It’s _____.是谁啊？是我。 4. Come with _____. 跟我来。 5. ______ classroom is bigger than ____. 你们的教室比我们的要大。 6. _____ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 7.I want to buy some balloons for ______. 我想买些气球送给他。 8. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。 9. _____ like ______ very much. 他们非常喜欢它。 10. Let _____ give _____ a book. 让我给你一本书。 （5）用物指代词填空 1. I own（拥有）that cat; that cat is ____ . 2. You own that cat: that cat is ____ .
初中英语语法：过去进行时讲解及习题
初中英语语法：过去进行时讲解及习题 过去进行时是表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作。可以从两个方面来理解：1 过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。E．g． They were playing football at ten o’clock yesterday morning． My mother was cooking when I got home．I was washing my clothes at this time yesterday． 2 过去某阶段持续进行的动作What were you doing during the holiday? 另外，在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时e．g． Jenny was reading while Danny was writing． 其结构是助动词be的过去形式was/were ＋v－ing． 其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。E．g． We were working in class． We weren’t working in class．Were you working in class? 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 last night，at that time， at noon yesterday， last Sunday 等。也有时没有时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。E．g． The students all worked hard． Everyone knew what he was working for． 做题时常见错误如下： 一、易把be＋现在分词记成be＋过去分词 例：He was talked （talk） to his mum at that time． 答案：was talking 解析：过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上。 二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词 例：1 I watching （watch） TV when he came in． 2 They were play （play） games at 5：00 p．m． yesterday． 答案：1 was watching 2 were playing 解析：现在进行时中“be＋现在分词，缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时。 三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing 例：We were flying kites at 5：00 p．m． yesterday．（对划线部分提问） What were you at 5：00 p．m． yesterday? 答案：What were you doing at 5：00 p．m． yesterday? 解析：现在进行时中“What……doing……”?句式同样适用于过去进行时。 四、易与现在进行时弄混 例：My mother is cooking （cook）when I got home． 答案：was cooking
初中英语语法状语从句讲解及练习附答案
初中英语语法专题讲座——状语从句 状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表： 时间 when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before，as long as（长达……之久） 条件 If, unless,as/so long as(只要) 原因 As, because, since，as/so long as(既然,因为) 地点 Where 目的 So that(为了), in order that 结果 So that（方便）, so…that,such…that 让步 though, although, even if, however 方式 As 比较than, (not)as…as, 时间状语从句： Whenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。 They all continued their regard for me as long as they lived. 他们毕生都在关心着我. 条件状语从句： As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着，我就要学习。 原因状语从句： Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。 地点状语从句： Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。 目的状语从句： Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，（为了）你可以开始另一个。 结果状语从句： He was so angry that he couldn't say a word. 他气得说不出话了。 让步状语从句： Though he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。
初中英语语法讲座
初中英语语法讲座 这一讲里，主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法，特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。 一、名词 关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。 单数---可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是a 可数名词 名词的根据数复数 不可数名词 1.复数的构成方法： (1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog--dogs。 (2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch--watches。 (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es，如：country--countries。 请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s如：monkey--monkeys。 (4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es 构成复数。 (5)以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es，如：knife--knives。 2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheep，fish—fish, Chinese--Chinese，Japanese--Japanese 3.特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth--teeth，foot-- feet (2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen, Frenchman--Frenchmen 请区别：German(德国人)--Germans (3)child—children 4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。 如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours. 5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理) No news is good news. 6.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等来修饰可数名词复数。 How many are there in your pencil-box? (knife) 不可数名词： 1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。 应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood. 2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。 如：Some bread over there. (be) 3.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of ,some, any等来修饰不可数名词。 4.常用a piece of, a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：two pieces of bread 请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples 例： 1、These two pieces of bread are over there.(be)