阅读理解七选五专项练习

阅读理解七选五专项练习

（一）

2015年北京

This Way to Dreamland

Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.

But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?

So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?

First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.

It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concerntrate. ＂Mindfulness＂, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 74

Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 75

Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.

A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.

B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.

C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes.

D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.

E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.

F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to

understand.

G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when yo u’re in the

daydream zone.

（二）

2016年北京

The Science of Risk-Seeking

Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities

that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.

The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.

So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73

No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.

75 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.

As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.

A. It all depends on your character.

B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.

C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.

D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.

E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.

F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.

G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.

（三）

2020山东模拟（一）

Travelling with friends can be an absolutely amazing experience where you could make lifelong memories or it could end up ruining your friendship. 16 Here are some rules you should follow to make sure your next trip with friends goes as smoothly as possible.

17 Sure，you and your friends probably have some similar interests，but that’s not always the case. In an effort to keep everyone happy，go over travel plans and expectations ahead of time. Have each person categorize activities or sights into “must-see” “want to see” and “would go if we have time”. Plan accordingly and make sure everyone can see some of their top attractions.

Communicate and respect each other. Everyone has personal preferences when travelling—from getting the bed closest to the bathroom or sitting in the airplane’s window seat.

But sometimes things don’t go as you like. In this case，share your requirements directly with your travel companions. 18 Have a conversation when problems arise，for communication is the key.

Don’t disappear. When travelling with a group—or even just one other person—you may want some alone time. That’s completely fine，but make sure your friends know where you are and have a way of contacting you. 19

Get off your phone. Of course，your friends will understand if you need to take a call from a family member，or in the event of a work emergency，but other than that，try to stay off your phone. 20 After all，the appeal of this type of trip is to spend time with friends. Just enjoy it!

A. Give each other some space.

B. Include at least one activity for everyone.

C. And remember that consideration and respect go a long way.

D. At the same time，listen to their concerns and be respectful of them.

E. Don’t respond to non-urgent work contact or send messages frequently.

F. It’s especially true of travelling in foreign countries or unfamiliar places.

G. So it's important to make sure you and your friend(s)are on the same page.

（四）

2020衡水上学期五调

Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn't matter if the words come from ourselves or someone else. The positive and negative effects are just as lasting.

36 We're usually too embarrassed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn't be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit. This “self-talk" helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. 3 7 Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner. 3 8

Words possess power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. We remember unkind words said to us as well. Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: 39 If what we want to say doesn't pass this test, then it's better left unsaid.

Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem and motivate others to do their best. 40 Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.

A．Is it loving?

B．How should I say it?

C．We all talk to ourselves sometimes.

D．Negative words destroy all those things.

E．Generally people like positive and pleasant words.

F．However, critical language may cause anger and defense.

G．So we should only speak encouraging words to ourselves.

（五）

2020衡水下学期一调

Art galleries are places in which artists can display all types of works of art, including paintings, drawings, photographs, sculptures,etc. ____16____ At the same time, however, each artwork must be protected from exposure to too much light since that can cause works to fade and therefore get ruined. ___17___

The most common form of lighting used to light up artwork is indoor spotlights on tracks attached to the ceiling near where the work is being displayed.____18____ It permits the lights to be moved more easily when the light patterns require adjusting. Recessed(嵌入的)lights in walls and ceilings can be useful so long as they are not fixed in place but can instead be easily moved to create ideal light patterns. Most art gallery directors state that a combination of tracked and recessed light equipment is ideal because the tracked lights focus directly on the artwork while the recessed lights are used on the nearby walls to provide a surrounding light source.___19___ How to angle the lights depends upon the height of the ceiling and the size of the artwork. Caution must be taken to avoid creating too many areas with shadows or to have the lights cause a glare on the artwork. Besides, the lights should not be bare bulbs burning directly on the artwork but should be made in some way to make the lighting softer. According to experts, low voltage(电压)bulbs are the best to use when lighting artwork.____20____ Thus artwork should be placed in a room where sunlight can’t directly hit it.

A. It can make the displays attractive.

B. Using tracked lighting is beneficial.

C. Light plays a key role in art galleries.

D. This light source can better improve the mood surrounding the work.

E. To better improve their appearance, the display area needs to be well lit.

F. Finding a happy medium between not enough light and too much of it requires considerable skill and experience.

G. Above all, natural light should be avoided since direct sunlight will damage artwork, particularly paintings,over time.

（六）

2018年深圳二调

How Laughing at Yourself Makes You Attractive

Have you ever embarrassed yourself in public and got laughed at for it? 36 And it's okay — we should even have a laugh about them.

●Laughing at yourself means accepting who you really are. You may feel bad about yourself because of past misfortune. However, it's normal to be imperfect. What's important is that you should be honest with yourself about who you are. 37 You won’t be able to laugh at yourself without self-acceptance.

●Laughing at yourself helps increase your confidence. When you're able to stay optimistic and laugh at yourself, you are likely to be more successful in life. 38 More importantly, it helps you realize your own weaknesses, so you know which areas to do better in.

●39 Laughing at someone else may hurt their feelings even if you didn't intend to, while laughing at yourself does not.--You might even bring a smile to their faces. People will like it, because it shows that you have the courage to do so and you're being real about your imperfections.

Just remember that humans all make mistakes. So instead of blaming yourself, try to think of your mistakes, in a positive way and accept yourself just as you are. 40

A．Laughing at yourself makes you popular,

B．Accept yourself despite your imperfections.

C．You don't need to take yourself seriously all the time.

D．Chances are that we all have these kinds of experiences.

E．Learn to laugh at yourself and you will be more attractive.

E．Laughing at yourself changes an ideal image of yourself.

G．This is because laughing at yourself contributes to your mental health.

（七）

2018北京Why Do We Get Angry?

Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. ___51___

Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. _____52_____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others ar e not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.

Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ____53____ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition,

but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.

___54___Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.

___55___However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.

A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.

B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.

C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.

D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.

E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.

F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.

G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.

（八）

2018浙江

Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood . the easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. ______31______

Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. _____32_____ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.

Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,. When going for a walk. Take a small garbage bag. ______33______ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.

_______34_______ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to help in any way this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.

_______35_______ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciate.

A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.

B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.

C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.

D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.

E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.

F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.

G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly

（九）

2017北京

Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71

One idea is that sleep helps us st rengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 73

Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.

Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 ＂You keep what matters,＂Tononi says.

A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.

B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.

D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.

E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.

F. ＂Sleep is the price we pay for learning,＂says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.

G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.

（十）

2017年浙江

How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews

The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.

●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, ＂Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?＂32

●Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say, ＂Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.＂This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.

●Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don’t get discouraged.

●34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 35

●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work without th em.

A. Limit your time.

B. As you approach people, be polite.

C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.

D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.

E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.

F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.

G. With a question like this, you will get more than a ＂Yes＂or ＂No＂reply.

（十一）

2020山东新高考模拟

The Hotel Wake-up Call Gets Personal

Here's a wake-up call: The hotel front desk will do one better than ringing your phone in the morning. They'll send an actual human being to your room. Don't worry. They won't come in and kiss you good morning.__ 16___ Never mind that most travelers nowadays have smart phones with built-in alarm clocks. __17___ Here are some examples. At the Wolcott Hotel, if a wake-up call is unanswered, they will send an employee to your door. At Las Ventanas al Paraiso, an employee shows up at your room to wake you up with tea, coffee and breakfast bread. At the Mandarin Oriental, a person

rather than an automated system will call to wake you up. __ 18__ Hotels have always taken the wake-up call seriously. __ 19__If you don't get your call within five minutes of the requested time, you won't have to pay for your room. Travelers, too, still want to have an option of a wake-up call. A study of 285 guests at Crown Plaza found that 53% considered a wake-up call very important.

__20 __In the late 1980s, hotels turned to automated systems. Then all you'd get was a ring and silence. In the ever-competitive race for loyal customers, however, many hotels are now getting creative with the wake-up call. Some hotels even have recordings of celebrity voices. And more hotels will go back to the old in-person system of wake up calls.

A. But they might bring you coffee.

B. If you don't answer, you'll get a wake-up knock.

C. Crown Plaza, for instance, has a wake-up call guarantee.

D. But the wake up call became less personal over the years.

E. The hotel gets 15 to 30 requests for wake-up calls each day.

F. The human wake-up call is a way to personalize a guest's stay.

G Some guests sleep through the call, while others turn their phone ringers off.

（十二）

2020北京新高考适应性考试

An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from them.

46 There are three basic sub-types of interview: structured interviews, unstructured interviews and semi-structured interviews. 47 Incidentally, “respondent” and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”.

A great deal is provided by this personal contact: you are another human being, and interviewees will respond to you, in bodily presence, in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reacted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails.

48 Most people want to help and give their opinions, and they will usually be energized to help by your physical presence.

If you take the trouble to schedule a visit, you can be more or less guaranteed of a response. Most importantly, though, you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them. 49 You will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic. Because of the primacy of the personal contact, your appearance and tone are important—how do you want to be seen? As “one of us”? As a person in authority? As an observer? …Or what?50 However you decide to present yourself, it is good practice of course to try to put the interviewee at ease before the interview begins—to talk about the weather, about your journey, about anything that will break the ice.

A. This is a ready-made support for you.

B. Its nature varies with the nature of the interviews.

C. You will be able to hear and understand what they are saying.

D. Your decision should influence the way that you look, sound and behave.

E. The information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination of these.

F. Each involves the interviewer in fact-to-face contact or telephone contact with another

person.

G. You will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees might

really mean.