【英语】 英语阅读理解专题练习(及答案)

【英语】英语阅读理解专题练习(及答案)

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Every day I see advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses claiming that it is easy and quick to learn English. There is even a reference to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage learners even more. When I see advertisements like this, I don't know whether to laugh or cry. But many people must believe these ridiculous claims, or else the advertisements would not appear.

Of course it is clear that students who go to England to learn English have a great advantage over others, but too many cannot afford to do so. Some go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach themselves at home with dictionaries. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language, let alone produces good pronunciation and intonation.

Most teaching is still based on behaviorist psychology. Behaviorists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making sentences. If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful. A large number of theorists seem to think it is a pity we aren't, because it would make it easier to use their methods.

In my personal opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested in it. Human beings, unlike parrots and chimpanzees, do not like making noises unless they understand what the noises mean and can relate them to their own lives. It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication. What they listen to and read cannot be a formula. It must be real.

There is another relevant point worth mentioning here. We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate. They can work with us and practice the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life language.

（1）Many people believe advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses probably because .

A. they are encouraged by William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens

B. they are eager to learn and then believe them

C. the ways advertised can help them to save time and efforts

D. the ways advertised prove effective and helpful

（2）What may behaviorists argue towards English learning?

A. Human beings make more interesting noises than parrots and chimpanzees.

B. Human beings should relate their speech to their own lives.

C. Language is a formula with lots of repetitions and practices.

D. Language is a means of communication.

（3）What opinion does the author hold?

A. A quick method that suits all the students does exist.

B. English can be mastered within a very short period of time.

C. Each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language.

D. No one can learn English well without being interested in it.

（4）What ways of learning is suggested by the author?

A. Study abroad.

B. Learn communicatively and situationally.

C. Follow the behaviorists' approach.

D. Teach oneself at home with dictionaries.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了一名语言教师对语言学习的个人看法。他认为学生们喜欢实惠的速成学习方法在情理之中，但是学英语不像广告中所说的那么轻松，假如没有兴趣，任何人都不可能学好英语或其他任何语言。在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“No doubt this is true t o a certain extent, but it is not very helpful to students. ”可知许多人渴望学好这门语言，相信这些广告中宣传的学习语言能速成，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Most teaching is still based on behaviorist psychology. Behaviorists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making sentences.”可知现在大量的教学活动还是建立在行为主义心理学的基础之上。行为主义者热衷于让学生复述短语，不断做一些只需更换句中某个词的练习。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“In my personal opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested in it.”可知作者认为，假如没有兴趣，任何人都不可能学好英语或其他任何语言。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The re is another relevant point worth mentioning here. We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate. They can work with us and practice the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life language.”可知还有一个相关的问题值得一提：在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。在学习较生疏的内容时，如果有其他学生和我们在实战中一起学习和练习那些陌生的语言形式，用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Exhibitions in the British Museum

Hokusai: beyond the Great Wave

Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849) is widely regarded as one of Japan's most famous and influential artists.He produced works of astonishing quality right up until his death at the age of 90.This new exhibition will lead you on an artistic journey through the last 30 years of Hokusai's life—a time when he produced some of his most memorable masterpieces.

25 May—13 August 2017

Room 35

Adults￡12,Members/under 16s free

Places of the mind: British watercolour landscapes 1850-1950

Drawn from the British Museum's rich collection,this is the first exhibition devoted to landscape drawings and watercolours by British artists in the Victorian and modern eras—two halves of very different centuries.

23 February—27 August 2017

Room 90

Free, just drop in

Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia

This major exhibition explores the story of the Scythians—nomadic tribes and masters of mounted warfare, who flourished between 900 and 200 BC. Their encounters with the Greeks, Assyrians and Persians were written into history but for centuries all trace of their culture was lost—buried beneath the ice.

14 September 2017—14 January 2018

Room 30

Adults￡16.50,Members/under 16s free

Politics and paradise: Indian popular prints from the Moscatelli Gift

This display is part of the Museum's contribution to the India-UK Year of Culture 2017.It looks at the popular print culture of India from the 1880s until the 1950s.

19 July—3 September 2017

Room 90a

Free,just drop in

（1）If you are interested in drawings of natural scenery, you will probably go to______. A. Room 35 B. Room 90 C. Room 30 D. Room 90a

（2）Which exhibition can you attend in October 2017?

A. Hokusai: beyond the Great Wave.

B. Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia.

C. Places of the mind: British watercolour landscapes 1850-1950.

D. Politics and paradise: Indian popular prints from the Moscatelli Gift.

（3）Where can we most probably find the passage?

A. In a health report.

B. In a story book.

C. In a parenting magazine.

D. In a tour guide.

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个不同的展览，分别是日本艺术家的杰作，英国水彩风景，希腊历史探索和印度印刷文化。

（1）考查细节理解。根据 Places of the mind: British watercolour landscapes 1850-1950部分中的“this is the first exhibition devoted to landscape drawings and watercolours”以及下段的“Room 90”可知，这幅作品是关于自然风光的，在90房间。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia部分中的“14 September 2017—14 January 2018”，可知在2017年十月份可以去参观“Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia”这幅作品。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据短文是对博物馆里的艺术品的介绍，可知这篇文章可能出现在导游杂志里。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Our mother earth is going through a very tough situation and we, the entire human race, are destroying our environment or unconsciously without even realizing its consequences. Now we have to act very smartly and plan something to sustain what we still have, getting all necessary support from nature to lead healthy lives.

Gardening is always an excellent and environmentally friendly idea. If you can go for sustainable gardening, then it will be even more useful for all. Gardening is a favorite hobby for many. It is time to channelize your hobby towards a more meaningful motivation.

When we do gardening we need to use different ingredients to grow plants. Some of them are natural resources like water, soil, sunshine, and many things like this. Using these resources smartly is a part of sustainable gardening. Some simple techniques include: use less water and organic things to grow plants; try to store rainwater so that you can use them for gardening; try using less energy to drive devices; avoid using plastics in any form while gardening; reuse the leaves from your garden to fertilize them. These are the basic sustainable measures. To do so we need to have proper knowledge about gardening and its requirements so that we can use proper resources without wasting any of them.

In today's busy life we don't get much time to spend on our environment. Gardening gives us a chance to do so. We can also have some pesticide-free and fresh food if we grow them in our garden. This is the right time to do some good to protect our own environment and gardening is one of the easiest ways. Do you want to start gardening, but you're not sure how? Click here: http://www. Garden how https://www.360docs.net/doc/8d17898605.html,e.

（1）What does the underlined word “channelize" in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Cause.

B. Transform.

C. Direct.

D. Associate.

（2）Which of the following belongs to a sustainable measure?

A. Using advanced electrical machines.

B. Avoiding fertilizers.

C. Watering plants with collected rainwater.

D. Clearing away the leaves.

（3）What is the benefit of sustainable gardening?

A. It requires little water.

B. It needs no fertilizer.

C. It breaks up plastics.

D. It doesn't waste any resource.

（4）Where is the passage probably taken from?

A. A newspaper.

B. The Internet.

C. A guidebook.

D. A science report.

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍怎样合理利用资源发展园艺，不浪费资源，不

产生对环境有害的物质以保护地球。

（1）考查词义猜测。本句中channelize来源于channel“渠道，频道”，根据已有的意思于选项相结合可知，channelize为指导，导向的意思，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“try to store rainwater so that you can use them for gardening”可知，使用存储的雨水来浇灌植物，是属于可持续发展的措施，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“To do so we need to have proper knowledge about gardening and its requirements so that we can use proper resources without wasting any of them.”可知，用这样的方法，可以合理利用资源，不浪费资源，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Click here: http://www. garden how https://www.360docs.net/doc/8d17898605.html,.”可知，本文来源于网站，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

A five-year-old dog named Kelsey has been praised as a hero for helping to save the life of her owner who slipped in the snow and broke his neck.

The man, Bob, was alone when he left his Michigan farmhouse on New Year's Eve to collect firewood. Expecting a journey of only several meters, Bob was wearing just long johns (衬裤), a shirt and slippers when he went outside, although the temperature was around -4℃.

After the accident, he was unable to move in the snow. Fortunately, Kelsey came to his assistance.

"I was shouting for help, but my nearest neighbor is about 400 meters away, and it was 10:30 pm, Bob explained." But my Kelsey came. By the next morning, my voice was gone and I couldn't yell for help, but Kelsey didn't stop barking."

Kelsey's companion kept him warm by lying on top of him. She licked his face and hands to keep him awake." Kelsey kept barking but never left my side," Bob recalled. "She kept me warm. I knew I couldn't give up and that it was my choice to stay alive."

Bob spent 20 hours in the freezing cold. When he finally lost consciousness, his dog kept barking. Finally, hearing the barking, Bob's neighbor discovered him at 6:30 pm on New Year's Day and called the emergency services at once. When Bob arrived in hospital, his body temperature was below 21℃. However, doctors were surprised to find that he didn't have any frostbite (冻疮). They believed it was because of Kelsey's determination to keep him warm, Dr. Chaim Colen, the doctor who treated Bob, said, "Animals can help and his dog really saved him... He was very fortunate.”

Bob said he was "enormously" grateful to both Dr. Colen and his Kelsey, "They saved my life. They are truly heroes!"

（1）What happened to Bob on New Year's Eve?

A. He left his dog alone in his farmhouse.

B. He was praised for saving a dog owner.

C. He broke his neck and couldn't move.

D. He heard his neighbor's shouting for help.

（2）Why did Kelsey keep barking?

A. To keep warm.

B. To stay alive.

C. To keep Bob awake.

D. To seek help from others.

（3）How does Dr. Chaim Colen feel about Kelsey?

A. Helpful.

B. Fortunate.

C. Grateful.

D. Friendly.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. A Neck-breaking Accident

B. The Magic Night

C. Warmth on a Winter's Night

D. Determination to Keep Alive

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一只名叫Kelsey的狗在那个夜晚为受伤的作者寻求帮助，并救了作者的命，带给作者温暖。并因此像个英雄般受到表扬。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“to save the life of her owner who slipped in the snow and broke his neck.”挽救了在雪中滑倒摔断了脖子的主人；以及第三段中的“After the accident, he was unable to move in the sno w. ”事故发生后，在雪中他不能动。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“When he finally lost consciousness, his dog kept barking. Finally, hearing the barking, Bob's neighbor discovered him at 6:30 p.m. on New Year's Day and called the emergency services at once.”当他最终失去知觉时，他的狗不停地叫。最后，Bob的邻居听到了狗叫在新年那天下午六点半发现了他，并且立刻给急救部门打电话。可知狗一直叫是为了向他人求助，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“However, doctors were surprised to find that he didn't have any frostbite (冻疮). They believed it was because of Kelsey's determination to keep him warm.”但是，医生惊讶地发现他没有冻伤。他们认为是因为Kelsey让他保持温暖的决心。可知Chaim Colen认为 Kelsey帮助很大，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了一只名叫Kelsey的5岁的小狗帮助在雪中滑倒摔断了脖子的主人，在寒冷的除夕夜为主人取暖，挽救了主人的生命，故C符合做文章标题，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

A 12-year-old with end stage cancer, the child's parents had recently moved her from the hospital to her home in the suburbs of Los Angeles. Some days later the girl's breath quickened, and her father phoned the family's hospice nurse. Please come, he said.

The nurse knew the visit would require more than four hours of her time: a two-hour drive in each direction, plus her time with the girl. Why don't we connect over FaceTime, she asked. The father agreed, and they connected.

The nurse asked the father to move his daughter gently to her side, then to her back, to lift the child's shirt. The nurse would ask: What do you see, what concerns you, and the father would explain. In this fashion the pair examined the girl --- the nurse on her computer, the father his

iPad. Together they decided that the nurse's presence was not necessary, that the child had more time.

Later, the father reported feeling comforted by the nurse. He appreciated her availability, the fact that she could see what he saw, and their ability to discuss it in real time.

Telemedicine has become a trend in America. Some hospitals have gone so far as to specially design telemedicine clinics. The room is staged like an office but with better lighting. There's a nice desk for the clinician to sit behind, a computer situated stage left, and books in the background. A physician taking a video call from home might wear a pair of headphones, equipped with a mic --- to ensure whatever the patient says isn't broadcast to anyone off-camera. However, there is something more than the technology bit. According to David, the head of the telemedicine pilot the girl's family had been part of, there are some people who are great in person and you put them on camera they're a dead fish. “Some physicians are c amera shy. For others, the physical isolation can actually help them be more empathetic.” He adds.

“My experience is that, once you get past some initial hurdles, you can maintain an intimate, immediate connection with patients that in some cases may be more useful than even in-person interactions,” David says.

（1）Why did the nurse suggesting connecting via FaceTime?

A. Because she was not allowed to leave her clinic.

B. Because she had to take care of other patients in the clinic.

C. Because it took too much time on her way to patient's home.

D. Because the father didn't pay for her fare of transportation.

（2）How did the father think of the telemedicine service?

A. He doubted the quality of the service.

B. He thought highly of the service.

C. He insisted the service be improved.

D. He challenged the authority of the nurse.

（3）What do we know about the rooms for telemedicine?

A. Better air conditioners are provided for a comfortable environment.

B. Mics are equipped to protect privacy of patients.

C. Professional books are in place for immediate consultation.

D. The room with a computer is situated in the doctor's home.

（4）What challenges may clinicians face in telemedicine?

A. They are afraid of being isolated from patients.

B. They could not examine the patients carefully.

C. They are required to deal with in-person interactions.

D. They may not feel quite themselves in front of a camera.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了远程医疗已经成为美国的一种趋势．有些医院甚至专门设计了远程医疗诊所。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The nurse knew the visit would require more than four

hours of her time: a two-hour drive in each direction, plus her time with the girl. Why don't we connect over FaceTime, she asked.”可知，护士建议通过视频通话是因为需要太多的时间她才能到达病人的家。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“He appreciated her availability, the fact that she could see what he saw, and their ability to discuss it in real time.”可知，这位父亲感激这位护士的帮助，感激护士可以看到他看见的并和他进行实时讨论，因此推断这位父亲高度赞扬这样的服务。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“equipped with a mic --- to ensure whatever the patient says isn't broadcast to anyone off-camera.”可知，远程治疗室配备了麦克风确保病人的隐私。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“…there are some people who are great in person and you put them on came ra they're a dead fish. “Some physicians are camera shy. For others, the physical isolation can actually help them be more empathetic.” He adds.可知，一些内科医生在镜头面前是害羞的。因此推断在远程诊疗时，医生在镜头面前会感到不舒服。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

How much television do you watch? Did you really give an honest answer? A recent study shows that people aren't totally truthful about their television-watching habits.

The study in question was conducted at Ball State University in the US. Researchers there wanted to find out how much television people view according to their age. The study was paid for by a council associated with the Nielsen Company, which determines television ratings. The conclusions were that people spend more than 8 hours a day looking at a screen. This included cell phones and computers，but the majority were television screens.

There are three interesting things about this study. The first is that people are exposed to more than one hour of advertisements per day. The second is that even with access to DVDs and internet videos, television is still the most popular media source. The third is that the amount of screen-watching people do is relatively the same from the ages of 18-65.

So, if everyone is watching television, why lie about it? Well, if someone admits they watch television for five or six hours, they could be considered a couch potato. Michael Phillips, one of the study's main researchers, says, “There's a social stigma for people who watch too much television. Sometimes, however, watching the latest reality show or the funniest sitcom gives co-workers and friends fun things to talk about.”

Even if you do watch a lot of television, perhaps we can use this study as a reason to be honest with ourselves about how much time we spend in front of the television. I mean, after all, everyone else is doing it...

（1）Why do people lie about how much TV they watch?

A. Because the show they watched is not the latest.

B. Because they may be laughed at by

co-workers or friends.

C. Because they don't want others to know what they watched.

D. Because there's something negative attached to watching too much TV.

（2）Which of the following is true according to the study?

A. The most popular media source is the internet.

B. 18-year-olds watch more TV than someone in their 60s.

C. People are exposed to over than an hour of advertisement a day.

D. Researchers say that people watch over 8 eight hours of television a week.

（3）How could people feel to be considered as a couch potato?

A. comfortable

B. ashamed

C. excited

D. satisfied

（4）What idea does the author mainly want to express with the article?

A. what the effects of watching TV are.

B. how much television we should watch every day.

C. there are some interesting facts of watching TV.

D. people lie about how much television they watch.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者分析了人们瞒报看电视的时间的原因。

(1)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“There's a social stigma for people who watch too much television. ”可知看太多电视，被认为不光彩，由此推知，看电视太多与消极的东西联系在一起，故选D。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The first is that people are exposed to more than one hour of advertisements per day.”可知人们每天被暴露在广告下的时间超过一小时，故选C。(3)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“There's a social stigma for pe ople who watch too much television. ”可知看太多电视，被认为不光彩，由此推知当一个人被认为是一个成天看电视的人，他会感觉很羞耻，故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。根据全文的主题句“A recent study shows that people aren't totally truthful about their television-watching habits.”可知这篇文章主要讲了人们瞒报看电视的时间，作者对其中的原因进行了分析，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

From the loss of wildlife to rising sea levels, we're all well aware of the problems that climate change could cause.

But while it may seem like such issues won't affect most of us directly，it looks like future generations could grow up without something that many of us now take for granted: chocolate.

According to an essay published by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, changes to the climate in the regions that produce cacao - the plant from which chocolate is produced - may mean that it will soon become extinct.

Most of the world's cacao grows in countries close to the equator，with over half of it growing in the African nations of Ghana and Ivory Coast.

It's predicted that by 2050, climate change will have accelerated the rate at which temperatures in these countries rise, making it extremely difficult for cacao to grow there.

The problem doesn't lie in increased heat, however，but in lower humidity (湿度)，as it's believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature rises.

“In other words, as higher temperatures squeeze more water out of soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture (含水量) loss,” Michon Scott, the essay's author, wrote.

To help fight this problem, researchers from Berkeley University in the US are working on changing the DNA of cacao plants to allow them to survive in dryer conditions by using gene editing technology, according to US News.

In the meantime, US company Mars, one of the world's biggest manufacturers of chocolate products, announced in January that it would spend $1 billion to help reduce the effects of climate change.

“This is a world issue, and it requires everyone to work together,” Mars spokesperson Barry Parkin told Business Insider.

The message here is that if we all do our part, we may be able to prevent some of the worst impacts of climate change. Or if we're unlucky, chocolate will become a thing of the past.

（1）What could make it hard for cacao to survive around the equator in the future?

A. The increased heat there.

B. The higher humidity there.

C. The decrease in rainfall there.

D. The moisture loss in the soil there.

（2）What does the underlined word “offset” in the seventh paragraph mean?

A. hold back

B. make up for

C. protect

D. accept

（3）What will US company Mars do to help cacao survive?

A. It will work hard to plant cacao in greenhouses.

B. It will apply gene editing technology in planting cacao.

C. It will give financial support to help fight climate change.

D. It will develop cacao that can survive in dryer conditions.

（4）What may be the best title of this text?

A. Chocolate could become history

B. Work together to fight climate change

C. How do we grow cacao in the future?

D. How do cacao plants affect climate change?【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，未来由于气候的变化，用于制造巧克力的可可树可能会灭绝，所以巧克力有可能会成为历史。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第七段中的“‘In other words, as higher temperatures squeeze more water out of soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture (含水量) loss,’ Michon Scott, the essay's author, wrote.”可知未来赤道附近的可可树很难存活，是因为那里土壤中水分的流失，故选D。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据第六段中的“The problem doesn't lie in increased heat, however，but in lower humidity (湿度)，as it's believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature rises.可知In other words, as higher temperatures squeeze more water out of soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture (含水量) los s”的意思是换句话说，高温带走了土壤和植物中更多的水分，降雨量的增长不足以抵消水量的流失，所以“offset”的意思是弥补，抵消，故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“In the meantime, US company Mars, one of the world's biggest manufacturers of chocolate products, announced in January that it would spend $1 billion to help reduce t he effects of climate change.”可知美国的火星巧克力公司给予财政支援，用来帮助对抗气候的变化，故选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。本文主要讲了未来由于气候的变化，用于制造巧克力的可可树可能会灭绝，所以巧克力有可能会成为历史，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

One of the most striking findings of a newly research in the UK is that of the people interviewed, one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with.

Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start close relationships? Does modem life really make it harder to fall in love? Or are we making it harder for ourselves? It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships. Women no longer rely upon partners for money or status. A man doesn't expect his wife to be in (唯一的) charge of running his household and raising his children.

But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.

In theory, finding a partner should be much simpler these days. Only a few generations ago, your choice of soul mate was limited by geography, social convention and family tradition. Although it was never clear，many marriages were essentially arranged. Now those barriers have been broken down. You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening. When the world is your oyster ( 牡蛎), you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl.

But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by the limitations of choice. The expectations of partners are raised to an unmanageable degree: good looks, impressive salary,

kind to grandmother, and right socks. There is no room for error in the first impression.

We think that a relationship can be perfect. If it isn't, it should be ended. We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don't put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship. Twelve-hour work at the office makes relaxed after-hours dating difficult. The cost of housing and child-raising creates pressure to have a stable income and Career before a life partnership.

（1）What is a contemporary family like in UK today?

A. Couples share the burdens.

B. Men begin to depend on women.

C. Women are responsible for housework.

D. It is difficult to take care of a family.

（2）Why do people preserve their independence?

A. To live alone happily.

B. To have more choices.

C. To avoid marriages.

D. To ignore traditions.

（3）What makes it hard for people to date?

A. Mental headache in dating.

B. The pressure to survive.

C. Bad luck in finding a partner.

D. The faith between life partners.

（4）What is the author trying to inform us in this text?

A. Perfect marriages conflict with independence.

B. People should, spend more money on marriages.

C. The expectations and reality separate the lovers.

D. Independence is much more important than love.

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本人是一篇说明文，美国最新的一项问卷调查发现，50%的人觉得找到相伴一生的另一半很困难，作者从工作经济压力以及对配偶要求过高等因素进行了分析。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Women no long er rely upon partners for economic security or status. A man doesn't expect his wife to be in sole (唯一的) charge of running his household and raising his children.”可知现在的女子在经济上独立，男子也不能指望女子负责所有的家务和养孩子。说明现在是夫妻双方共同承担负担。故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“But perhaps the kno wledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.”可知，人们认为独自生活也很好这种观念使得人们不愿意放弃他们的独立生活。故选A。

(3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Twelve-hour work at the office makes relaxed after-hours dating(约会) difficult.”可知12小时的工作使得人们约会变得很困难，繁忙的工作花费了人们太多的精力。故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。文章主要分析现在的人们为什么很难找到生活伴侣，其原因可能主要是对对方的期望过高以及经济压力较大的现实。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象

类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Anxiety has now surpassed depression as the most common mental health disease among college students, though depression, too, is on the rise. More than half of students visiting campus clinics cite anxiety as a health concern, according to a recent study of more than 100,000 students nationwide by the Center for Collegiate Mental Health at Penn State. Nearly one in six college students has been diagnosed with or treated for anxiety within the last 12 months, according to the annual national survey by the American College Health Association.

The causes range widely, experts say, from mounting academic pressure at earlier ages to overprotective parents to engagement with social media. Anxiety has always played a role in the development of a student's life, but now more students experience anxiety so acute that they are seeking professional help. Like many college clinics, the Center for Counseling and Psychological Services at the University of Central Florida (UCF)—one of the country's largest and fastest-growing universities, has seen sharp increases in the number of clients: 15.2 percent over last year alone.

Anxiety has become characteristic of the current generation of college students, said Dan Jones, the director of Counseling and Psychological Services at Appalachian State University in Boone, N.

C. Because of increasingly pressures during high school, he and other experts say, students arrive at college preloaded with stress. Accustomed to extreme parental oversight, many seem unable to govern themselves. And with parents so accessible, students have had less incentive to develop life skills. “They can't tolerate discomfort or having to struggle,” Dr Jones said.

More often, anxiety is mild and temporary, the indication of a student under the control of a normal developmental issue-learning time management, for example, or how to handle rejection from a sorority. Mild anxiety is often treatable with early, modest interventions. But to care for rising numbers of severely troubled students, many counseling centers have moved to triage protocols (分诊措施). That means that students with less urgent needs may wait several weeks for first appointments.

Like many college counseling centers, UCF has designed a variety of daily workshops and therapy groups that implicitly and explicitly address anxiety, depression and their triggers. Next fall the center will test a new app for treating anxiety with a seven-module cognitive behavioral program, accessible through a student's phone and augmented with brief videoconferences with a therapist. It also offers semester-long, 90-minute weekly therapy groups, such as “Keeping Calm and in Control”, “Mindfulness for Depression” and “Building Social Confidence” -for students struggling with social anxiety.

（1）Which of the following contributes to anxiety according to the text?

A. Protection from teachers.

B. An app in students' phones.

C. Increasingly learning pressure.

D. Management of time learning.

（2）What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Prevention.

B. Motivation.

C. Acquisition.

D. Direction.（3）What's the purpose of those therapy groups mentioned in the last paragraph?

A. To help students suffering anxiety.

B. To test what social anxiety is.

C. To introduce the cognitive behavioral program of UCF.

D. To emphasize the importance of calm and confidence.

（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Tips on dealing with anxiety

B. Causes of anxiety and depression

C. Different mental diseases threaten college students

D. College mental health centers overburdened with anxious students

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】焦虑症已经超越抑郁症成为大学生中最常见的心理健康问题，文章分析焦虑可能产生的原因，以及某些大学为此采取的措施。

（1）细节理解题。根据第二段内容The causes range widely, experts say, from mounting academic pressure at earlier ages to overprotective parents to engagement with social media （专家称焦虑症的原因多种多样，从早年积累下来的学业压力、家长的过度保护到对社交媒体的强迫性依赖）可知，C项（增加的学习压力）会导致焦虑，故选C。

（2）词义猜测题。根据上句内容Accustomed to extreme parental oversight, many seem unable to govern themselves.（很多学生都习惯于父母无微不至的监督，几乎没有自制能力。）故这里递进的句子And with parents so accessible, students have had less incentive to develop life skills.（由于家长总在身边，学生们普遍缺乏学习独立生活技能的________。），B项“动力”最符合语境，故划线单词意思为“动力”，选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据本段表述的内容：像许多大学的心理咨询中心一样，U.C.F.也设置了多种日常研讨会和治疗小组，以直接或间接的方式解决焦虑、抑郁问题及其触发源。明年秋天，该中心将对一种新的拥有七个模块的认知行为疗法应用程序进行测试，学生可以通过手机获取该应用，并可与治疗师进行简短的视频谈话。故这些治疗小组的目的时为了帮助那些患焦虑症的学生。故选A。

（4）主旨大意题。通读全文可看出，文章介绍了焦虑症已经成为美国大学生中最常见心理问题，大学的心理咨询中心已经超负荷，故选D作为标题最合适。

10．阅读理解

If you're showering every day, you're probably over doing it. In fact, showering too often can actually hurt your body in the long run.

As Time's public health column explains, daily showers are common due to social norms more than any proper health need. We connect being freshly showered with being attractive and pleasing, so we tend to showering often to feel better.

But what's the ideal shower frequency? In terms of your health — not how you look or smell —probably once or twice a week, assistant professor of dermatology at George Washington University, Dr. C. Brandon Mitchell says. “Your body is naturally a well-oiled machine,” he says. “A daily shower isn't necessary.”

Of course, your situation may vary. If you have a job like car maintenance or construction, you'll obviously have a visible layer of dirt you'll need to wash off every single day. Similarly, if you work out every day, you may not have any health risks by washing every day, but you'll still be smelly. If you feel like you need to take daily showers for aesthetic（审美的）reasons, at least make most of them light showers. “I tell patients who shower daily not to soap their whole bodies,” Mitchell says. Hit your pits, butt and groin, which are the areas that produce strong smells. The rest of your body doesn't need much soaping, he says.

Too much time spent under the hot water can dry out your skin, cause cracks（裂纹）that can lead to infections or germs getting into your skin, and take away the natural oils on your skin that help keep it healthy. So, even if you're aiming to be your most presentable, be sure to keep it moderate to avoid hurting your skin in the long run.

（1）According to the passage, why do most people shower daily?

A. To meet health need.

B. To wash off dirt.

C. To add to attraction.

D. To get relaxation.

（2）Which of the following people might be advised to shower once or twice a week? A. Office staff B. Car maintainer C. Building workers D. Gym-goers

（3）The underlined phrase “light showers” in Para. 4 refers to the showers in which ________.

A. bright lights are equipped

B. a little soaping is involved

C. gentle skin touches are allowed

D. less hot water is used

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A. Showering Daily Becomes a Custom

B. Daily Shower Does No Good to You

C. Protect Your Skin When Showering

D. You Probably Needn't Shower Daily

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，从长远来看，每天淋浴对身体健康有害。如果不是每天身上都会沾污垢或是每天都出很多汗的工作，普通人一周洗一两次澡足够了。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“We connect being freshly showered with being attractive

and pleasing, so w e tend to showering often to feel better.”可知多数人每天淋浴是为了增加吸引力，故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“If you have a job like car maintenance or construction, you'll obviously have a visible layer of dirt you'll need to wash off every single day. Similarly, if you work out every day, you may not have any health risks by washing every day, but you'll still be smelly.”可知每天身上都会沾污垢或是每天都出很多汗的工作，才需要每天洗澡，故选A。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“‘I tell patients who shower daily not to soap their whole bodies,’ Mitchell says. Hit your pits, butt and gr oin, which are the areas that produce strong smells. The rest of your body doesn't need much soaping, he says.可知‘light showers’”指的是只在一些部位涂肥皂，而全身不需要太多肥皂，故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。本文主要讲了从长远来看，每天淋浴对身体健康有害。如果不是每天身上都会沾污垢或是每天都出很多汗的工作，普通人一周洗一两次澡足够了。所以选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

The annual World Economic Forum (经济论坛) took place in Davos, Switzerland, in Jan 23 -26, 2018. What did Chinese entrepreneurs (企业家) speak in the forum? Are there some quotable quotes for you?

Jack Ma, founder and executive chairman of Alibaba Group

“I think globalization cannot be stopped --- no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade. If trade stops, the world stops. Trade is the way to dissolve the war not cause the war,”said Ma in Davos, “Google, Facebook, Amazon and Alibaba we are the luckiest companies of this century. But we have the responsibility to have a good heart, and do something good.”

Richard Liu, founder and chief executive officer of JD

“Business is not only a way to make money but also a way to contribute yourself, to help people,” Liu said in a speech in Davos.”How can we face the fractured (分化的) world? That's the topics of the Davos this year. I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite, work together, (if) we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners,” he said.

Jane Sun, CEO of Ctrip

“Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.” Sun told https://www.360docs.net/doc/8d17898605.html, in Davos. “We invested heavily in ABC. A refers to AI, B is big data, and C is cloud computing. As we continue to expand overseas, these three will be very good weapons for us. So we think those mean opportunity,” she said.

Hu Xiaoming, president of Aliyun

“In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connec ted with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use

'cloud', and cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance,” Hu told Xinhua in Davos.

（1）What do Chinese entrepreneurs like Jack Ma and Richard Liu focus more on?

A. More huge jumps in profits.

B. The joined efforts of mankind.

C. Reducing production costs.

D. The role of science in business.

（2）What is the main business of Ctrip?

A. Tourism.

B. The creation of AI.

C. Computer.

D. Financial service online.（3）What does Hu think will promote global economic development?

A. Economy recovery.

B. The World Economic Forum.

C. Cloud computing.

D. Financial efficiency.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中国企业家在达沃斯论坛上发表的一些观点。

（1）推理判断题。根据Jack Ma中I think globalization cannot be stopped-no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade.和Richard Liu中I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite, work together, (if) we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners.可知这两个中国企业家更关注合作和人类的共同努力，故答案选B。

（2）细节推理题。根据Jane Sun中Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.可知Ctrip的主要业务是旅游业，故答案选A。

（3）细节推理题。根据最后一部分In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use 'cloud'. And cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance可知各个国家的发展与云计算有着更紧密的联系，云计算将提高技术和金融的效率。故答案选C

【点评】新闻报道类阅读理解的解题技巧

1）仔细阅读导语，掌握新闻主旨：导语(即文章的第一句话或第一自然段)往往是对整篇文章的高度概括，正文部分则对导语展开叙述，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。2）运用查读的方法明确新闻的细节：根据题干的关键词，采用查读的方法搜寻所考查的细节描述，然后与选项进行比较，最后确定答案。3）把握文章基本框架，抓住长句和难句的主干：在阅读新闻报道类文章时，首先要了解其基本框架结构，始终把重点放在文章最主要的内容上，不要被细枝末节、和主旨不相关的难句所迷惑。其次，检测的关键句常常是长句或者含有习语、难词的句子。

12．阅读理解

Home Laundry Automatic Dryer Product

Full Two Year Warranty（保修）

Limited Five Year Warranty on Cabinet（机箱）

Warranty Provides for：

FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.

THIRD THRU FIFTH YEARS Amana will provide a free replacement part for any cabinet which proves faulty due to rust（生锈）.

Warranty Limitations：

Warranty begins at date of original purchase.

Applies only to product used within the United States or in Canada if product is approved by Canadian Standards Association when shipped from factory.

Products used on a commercial or rental basis not covered by this warranty.

Service must be performed by an Amana servicer.

Adjustments covered during first year only.

Warranty Does Not Cover It If：

Product has damage due to product change，connection to an improper electrical supply> shipping and handling, accident, fire, floods, lightning or other conditions beyond the control of Amana.

Product is improperly installed（安装）or applied.

Owner's Responsibilities：

Provide sales receipt.

Normal care and repair.

Having the product reasonably accessible for service.

Pay for service calls related to product installation or usage instructions.

Pay for extra service costs, over normal service charges, if servicer is requested to perform service outside servicer^ normal business hours.

In no event shall Amana be responsible for consequential damages（间接损坏）.

This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have others which vary from state to state For example, some states do not allow the exclusion（排除）or limitation of consequential damages, so this exclusion may not apply to you.

（1）According to Warranty Limitations, a product can be under warranty if .

A. used in the U.S.A

B. rented for home use

C. repaired by the user himself

D. shipped from a Canadian factory

（2）According to Owner's Responsibilities, an owner has to pay for .

A. the product installation

B. a servicer's overtime work

C. the loss of the sales receipt

D. a mechanic's transportation

（3）Which of the following is true according to the warranty?

A. Consequential damages are excluded across America.

B. A product damaged in a natural disaster is covered by the warranty.

C. A faulty cabinet due to rust can be replaced free in the second year.

D. Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文这是一张保修单，属于说明文，对家用自动干洗机的保修时限、保修服务范围、购买者所负的责任、不属于保修服务内容以及对结果性损失不负任何责任诸方面进行了详尽说明。

(1)考查细节理解。根据“Warranty Limitations：? Applies only to product used within the United States”可知，根据保修限制，如果在美国使用，产品可以在保修期内。故选A。(2)考查细节理解。根据“Owner's Responsibilities：? Pay for extra service costs, over normal ser vice charges”可知，根据业主的责任，业主必须为服务人员的加班工作支付费用。故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据“FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.”可知，一个有缺陷的橱柜在第二年就可以被替换掉。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

To eat only a vegan（素食的） diet might sound difficult, especially with many popular dishes containing meat or other animal products. Yet in 2017, veganism was described as “the fastest - growing lifestyle movement” in the UK, according to BBC news.

A study by a UK market research organization, suggests that over 542,000 Brits went vegan during the previous decade, an increase of 360%. And the main force behind this increase was those aged 15-34 years old — 42% of recent vegans fall under that age range.

So why exactly has veganism become so popular among young Brits?

One reason could be that many young people want to protect the environment, as less meat consumption is known to be beneficial to the environment. Global meat manufacturing is believed to cause 18% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions（排放）, even more than that of all the world's cars, trains and planes combined. Another reason is that many of today's young people believe that it's wrong to kill animals to be used as food.

Jess Murray, 22, a student at University College London, said that he chose to become vegan after realizing that eating animals is a choice that people make, rather than something that we need to do to survive. “Becoming vegan was an ethical (道德的) decision,” he told the Guardian. Social media is also believed to have given rise to the increase in veganism. Platforms such as Facebook allow young vegans to connect with each other much easier, while others such as Instagram have led to the creation of “vegan celebrities (名人)”, who s hare lips on vegan lifestyles. Despite the rising of veganism, Laura Wyness, an expert in diet and nutrition, said that meat is very important for people's health. “A strict vegan diet makes it difficult to get some minerals and vitamins that your body needs,” Wyness told BBC news.

However, the popularity of veganism doesn't seem to be fading. “It feels more like this is something that is sticking.” said an expert of the Vegan Society, a UK charity that promotes veganism.

（1）What can we learn about veganism, “the fastest-growing lifestyle movement” in UK?

A. It has created many popular dishes.

B. It is backed up mainly by old people.

C. It has led to further market research.

D. It has grown steeply in the past 10 years.

（2）The following may account for the increase in veganism EXCEPT .

A. Young people prefer an environment-friendly life.

B. Young people want to become ethical celebrities.

C. Meal manufacturing contributes a lot to the world's greenhouse gas.

D. Social media allow the vegan message to spread quickly around.

（3）The underlined word “sticking” in the Iasi paragraph is equal to in meaning.

A. important

B. special

C. lasting

D. impressive

（4）Which of the following will serve as the best title of the passage?

A. Young Brits Going Vegan

B. Veganism Comes First

C. How to Start a Vegan Lifestyle

D. Veganism and the Environment

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，过去的十年里素食主义在英国增长迅猛。这一增长的主要力量是那些年龄在15-34岁之间的年轻人。其原因可能是由于肉类加工排放的热量大过世界上所有的汽车，火车和飞机的总和，他们认为杀死动物用作食物是不对，年轻人想要保护环境。另外社会媒体的参与也导致了年轻的素食者的增加。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“A study by a UK market research organization, suggests that over 542,000 Brits went vegan during the previous decade, an increase of 360%.”可知，英国市场研究表明，在过去的十年里，素食主义者的人数增长了360%，增长迅猛。”故选D。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Becoming vegan was an ethical (道德的) decision,”他们认为素食是道德上的决定，及第六段可知，社交媒体也被认为导致了素食主义的增加的原因之一，因而出现了一些所谓的素食名人来分享他们的生活方式，可知素食主义者的增加不是因为他们想成为道德名人，而是分享素食主义让他们成为“名人”，这不是素质快速发展的原因，因此选B。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据第六段中的“ the popularity of veganism doesn't seem to be fading. ‘It feels more like this is something tha t is sticking.’”根据转折连词however 可知，前后两句意义是相反的。前面说“素食主义的流行似乎并没有消退”，因此可推断出后一句是反而会持续下去。故sticking意为”持续”，可知，lasting“持久的，持续的”符合题意，故选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述过去的十年里素食主义在英国增长迅猛。这一增长的主要力量是那些年龄在15-34岁之间。素食主义在英国的年轻人中非常流行的原因可能是年轻人想要保护环境，社会媒体的参与也导致了素食者的增加。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。