2019-2020学年上海市复旦附中高三上英语9月周练四

2019-2020 学年复旦附中高三9 月周练四

Ⅱ.Section B

Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.

A.fully

B.predetermined

C.schools

D.environmental AB.exhibit

AC.cooperative AD.surroundings BC.extremes BD.biological

CD.absolutely ABC.referred

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is__21__and another is competitive.

Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and__22__certain behavior.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct__23__of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from each other,and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The controversy is often conveniently__24__to as“nature and nurture”.

Those who support the“nature”side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by__25__and genetic factors.Taken to an extreme,this theory states that out behavior is__26__to such a great degree that we almost completely governed by our instincts（本能）.

Proponents of the“nurture”theory,or,as are often called,behaviorists,claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist,B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their__27__.The behaviorists’view of the human being is quite mechanistic.They state that,like machines,humans respond to__28__stimuli（刺激）as the basis of their behavior.

Neither of these theories can yet__29__explain human behavior.In fact,it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two__30__and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.

Section A

Directions:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Everyone hates to wait in lines.We get that exhausting feeling that our precious life is __31__away while we’re doing something so meaningless.But it’s not always the length of the wait we find so unbearable.Our behavior when waiting is only partly defined by the length of the wait.Often the psychology of queuing is more important than the statistics of the wait itself.One apparent aspect of queuing psychology is that we get bored when we wait in line.This issue is __32__in many ways,from magazines in hospital waiting rooms to the__33__in elevators so that we can__34__our appearance.We really hate it when we expect a short wait and then get a long one.But studies show that we are much more__35__when we are given an idea of how long we’ll be waiting.Walt Disney Co.knows this better than anyone else.It posts estimated waiting times for__36__in its theme parks.But according to Larson,these times are__37__so that visitors get to the front of the queue more quickly than they expect.It keeps them happy.

But perhaps the biggest influence on our feelings about waiting in line has to do with our understanding of fairness.When it comes to queues,the universally acknowledged standard is first come,first__38__.Any deviation（偏差）from this__39__is regarded as unfair and can lead to violent queue rage.

Sometimes,however,we are willing to make__40__.For example,we are fine with the __41__given to those with a more critical condition in hospital.But in most situations,we demand fairness.You’ve probably experienced__42__queue yourself in fast food restaurants, watching people in the other line move ahead of you,__43__yourself for having chosen the “wrong”line.

In order to solve this problem,the winding line was invented.Slate magazine’s website explains:

“The winding line groups all customers into one big snaking queue,separated by ropes or barriers.When you reach the head of the queue,you are directed to the next__44__server,or teller,or customs official,which offers important comfort:you__45__never have to see someone arrive after you and get served before you.”

help make it aa bit more bearable.When all else fails,bring a book or smart-phone will also do.

31.A.floating B.slipping C.sliding D.fleeing

32.A.produced B.resolved C.tackled D.dissolved

33.A.mirrors B.newspapers C.clocks D.beverage

34.A.check B.supervise C.criticize D.neglect

35.A.frustrated B.refreshed C.patient D.desperate

36.A.queues B.restaurants C.visitors D.attractions

37.A.overlooked B.oversized C.underestimated D.overestimated

38.A.served B.leave C.gone D.done

39.A.theory B.concept C.principle D.discipline

40.A.differences B.exceptions C.principle D.discipline

41.A.power B.priority C.justice D.chance

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8f13773738.html,d B.strong C.severe D.intense

43.A.reflecting https://www.360docs.net/doc/8f13773738.html,plimenting https://www.360docs.net/doc/8f13773738.html,ughing D.blaming

44.A.available B.approachable C.acceptable D.approvable

45.A.possible B.absolutely C.actually D.really

Section B

Directions:Read the following passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

The Indian cliff dwellings（崖居）of the southwestern United States are a source of interest and mystery for archeologist.Located in the Four Corners area of the U.S.,where Colorado, Utah,Arizona and New Mexico,the cliff dwellings were constructed during the Great Pueblo period,from approximately1050to1300.The cliff dwellings are whole series of rooms built in layers into the sides of cliffs.The sleeping rooms of the cliff dwellings were very tiny,often only one to two meters wide and little more than one meter high,and they were built in complexes of up to several hundred rooms together.The front rooms of the complexes were considerably larger.

When the cliff swellings were first found by explorers,they had been abandoned. Archeologists today are uncertain as to when or why they were abandoned and where the inhabitants went.There is some evidence,however,that the inhabitant left the cliff dwellings near the end of the thirteenth century because of a serious drought that is know to have occurred in the area from1276to1299.Archeologists believe that the inhabitants could have left the cliff dwelling to move southwest and southeast.Today the descendants of the cliff dwellers are probably members of the Indian tribes of that area.

46.When the cliff dwellings were found,they were_______.

A.popular with tourists

B.full of daily life

C.deserted and lifeless

D.in a state of drought

47.Why did the Four Corners area receive its name?

A.The cliff dwellings in the area each have four corners

C.The Great Pueblos are four-cornered

D.The corners of four states meet there

48.The archeologists are certain about_______.

A.the reason why the cliff dwellers abandoned their homes

B.that a drought occurred in the Four Corners area from1276to1299

C.the place the inhabitants of the cliff dwelling went to

D.the time when the cliff dwellers abandoned their homes.

49.Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?

A.The lifestyle of the cliff dwellers

B.The size of the cliff dwellings

C.The mystery concerning the abandonment of the cliff dwellings

D.The location of the cliff dwellings

(B)

Below is a selection from a popular science book.

If blood is red,why are veins blue?

Actually,veins are not blue at all.They are more of a clear,yellowish color.Although

it’s more of a dark reddish purple colour.At the right depth,these blood-filled veins reflect less read light than the surrounding skin,making them look blue by comparison.

Which works harder,your heart or your brain?

That kind of depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising.your heart works up to three times harder during exercise,and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.But in the long run,your brain probably tips it,because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart,and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.

Why do teeth fall out,and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups?

Baby(or“milk”)teeth do not last long;they fall out to make room bigger,stronger adult teeth later on.Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged,decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in,you’re done.When they’re gone,they’re gone.This is because nature figures you’re set for life,and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off. Do old people shrink as they age?

Yes and no.Many people do get shorter as they age.But,when they do,it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over.They simple lose height as their spine becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity.Many(but not all)men and women do lose height as they get older.Men lose an average of3~4cm in height till you were,like60cm tall,like a little boy again?No,because old people don’t really shrink!It is not that they are growing backwards-their legs,arms and backbones getting shorter.When they do get shorter,it’s because the spine has shortened a little.Or,more often,become more bent and curved.

Why does spinning make you dizzy?

Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear,which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable.But,when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not!

Where do feelings and emotions come from?

Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system.All mammals have this

pain and pleasure.But since human feeling also involve other,newer bits of the brain,we feel more complex emotions than any other mammals on the planet.

If exercise wears you out,how can it be good for you?

Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.And as far as your body is concerned,it’s“use it,lose it!”It’s not that exercise makes you healthy;it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.

50.What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?

A.Blue

B.light yellow

C.Red

D.Dark reddish purple

51.Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?

A.Because their spine is in active use

B.Because they are more easily affected by gravity

C.Because they keep growing backwards

D.Because their spine becomes more bent

52.Which of the following statements about our brain is true?

A.In the long run,our brain probably works harder than our heart.

B.When our brain senses the spinning,we will feel dizzy

C.The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans

D.Our feelings and emotion come from the most developed area in our brain

53.What is the main purpose of the selection?

A.To give advice on how to stay healthy

B.To provide information about our body

C.To challenge new finding in medical research

D.To report that latest discoveries in medical science

(C)

Increasingly,over the past few decades,people especially young people,have become aware of the need to change their eating habits,because much of the food they eat,particularly processed food,is not good for health.Consequently,there has been a growing interest in natural foods.Foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by

Natural foods,for example,are vegetables,fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter.In simple terms,this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter,which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals.This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers,the main purpose of which is to increase the amount--but not the quality--of foods grown in commercial farming areas.

Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures（牧场）.Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry:there are battery farms,for example,where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building tasteless as food,they also lay eggs which lack important vitamins.

There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet.Take,for example,the question of sugar.This is actually a non-essential food! Although a natural alternative,such as honey,can be used to sweeten food if it is necessary,we can in fact do without it.It is not that sugar is harmful in itself.But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of200pounds a year!Yet all it does is to provide us with energy,in the form. of calories.There are no vitamins in it,no minerals and no fiber.

It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread,for example,the fiber has been removed.But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables.It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantifies of unrefined flour and vegetables,certain diseases are comparatively rare.Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of wholemeal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on “healthy eating”.

54.People have become more interested in natural foods because_______.

A.they are more health conscious

B.they want to taste all kinds of foods

C.natural foods are more delicious than processed foods

D.they want to return to nature

55.Soil that is rich in organic matter_______.

A.has band chemicals and fertilizer added to it