常用汉语语法分级表修订版

常用汉语语法分级表（一~六级）一级语法项目表

二级语法项目表

英语语法常用词汇-参考模板

English grammar terms often used 英语语法常用词语1．Parts of speech 词类 noun 名词pronoun 代词numeral 数词adjective 形容词verb 动词adverb副词article 冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle 小品词 2. Word building 构词法 conversion 转化derivation 派生affixation词缀法prefix前缀suffix后缀compound words 合成词 3．Classification of nouns 名词的分类 common nouns普通名词proper nouns 专有名词 individual nouns个体名词collective nouns 集合名词 material nouns 物质名词abstract nouns 抽象名词 countable nouns 可数名词uncountable nouns不可数名词 the singular form 单数形式the plural form 复数形式 the common case 普通格the possessive case 所有格 the subjective case 主格the objective case 宾格 person 人称third person singular 第三人称单数 4. Classification of pronouns 代词的分类 personal pronouns 人称代词possessive pronouns 物主代词 self pronouns 反身代词demonstrative pronouns 指示代词 interrogative pronouns 疑问代词conjunctive pronouns 连接代词 relative pronouns 关系代词reciprocal pronouns 相互代词 indefinite pronouns 不定代词 5．数词、形容词、冠词 cardinal numerals 基数词ordinal numerals 序数词 fractional numerals 分数词the comparative degree 比较级 the superlative degree 最高级The definite article 定冠词 the indefinite article 不定冠词 6．Classification of verbs 动词的分类 national verbs 实义动词link-verbs系动词 auxiliary verbs助动词modal verbs 情态动词 transitive verbs 及物动词intransitive verbs 不及物动词 regular verbs 规则动词irregular verbs 不规则动词 the present forms 现在式the past forms 过去式 the participle 分词the present participle现在分词 the past participle 过去分词the infinitive 不定式 the gerund 动名词bare infinitive 不带to的不定式

(完整版)英语语法专业术语

英语语法专业术语语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable no 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concrete noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses

动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite 物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive 形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form

常用英语语法术语表

常用英语语法术语表句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 单纯词simple word 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性part of speech 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concret noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb

静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possesive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun 形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form 从句clause 从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause 定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause

高一英语语法与词汇综合练习150题 (1)

高一英语语法与词汇综合练习150题 1. --- Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets. --- You ______ something. A. have left B. are always leaving C. are leaving D. always left 2. --- I ______ so busily recently that I ______ no time to help you with your math. --- That’s OK. I can manage it by myself. A. have been working; have B. have worked; had C. am working; will have D. had been working; had had 3. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you ______ to me. A. are writing B. will write C. has written D. write 4. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He ______ in a radio factory at that time. A. had worked B. has worked C. was working D. has been working 5. --- What ______ when I phoned you? --- I ______ my work, and I wanted to go out. A. have you done; finished B. were you doing; have finished C. did you do; had just finished D. were you doing; had just finished 6. Public service advertisements are often run ___ free, and are ___to educate people about health, safety, or any other issue which affects public welfare. A. for, mean B. for, meant C. of, to mean D. in, meaning 7. The old woman found herself ______ when she left the market. A. cheating B. cheated C. to be cheated D. to have cheated 8 Brain told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at the moment, ______? A. was there B. wasn’t there C. didn’t he D. did he 9. Doctors believe that only a small number of people ____ of this kind of disease. A. is in danger B. is in a danger C. are in danger D. are in the danger 10. _____ books you have borrowed from the library should be returned in two weeks’ time. A. Whatever B. However C. No matter what D. What 11. They would not allow him _______ climbing Mount Everest. A. to risk to B. to risk going C. risking going D. risk going 12. We ______ for one hour and a half and it is about time we ______ a rest. A. trained; take B. have trained; took C. are training; will take D. had trained; to take 13 We have to work hard; ______ we’ll lose the chance. A. therefore B. otherwise C. besides D. however 14 I am in low spirits, because the money _______ I was going to buy Mum a present is gone. A. with which B. from which C. by which D. through which 15. --- Shall I tell John about it? --- No, you _____. I’ve told him already. A. mustn’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. don’t have to 16 —How did you finish the job so soon,Jack? —_______asking for help. A.At B.In C.With D.By 17 —It’s too dark. What’s in the distance?—There_______a boy and two dogs. A. are B. seem to be C.seems to be D.appear 18.There are too many mistakes in your homework. It needs_______. A. to rewrite B. rewriting C.being rewritten D.be rewritten https://www.360docs.net/doc/9211478551.html,st week I paid a visit to the mountain village where I was _______. A. brought in B. brought out C.brought up D.brought down

常用汉语语法分级表格模板版

常用汉语语法分级表 ( 一级语法项目表目标描述1掌握简单常用基本句型 2、掌握常用疑问句 3、掌握表达领属关系的定语 4、掌握程度副词做状语 5、掌握常用实词和虚词的意义和用法

虚词钱数的表达元（块）、角（毛）、分 10块5毛8分一百以内的数词：基数词 1~99我爸爸46岁。常用量词个、名、本、口一个弟弟、一名学生、十本书、三口人表达情感态度的动词：爱、喜欢、想主语+爱/喜欢/想+ 名词（/动词（短语））我爱你。我喜欢看电影。助动词能会能/会+动词（短语）你能来吗？我会打网球。副词的意义及位置程度副词：很、非常、真程度副词：太副词：也（表类同）副词：都（表总括）很/非常/真+形容词太+形容词太+形容词+了主语+也+动词（短语）主语+都+动词（短语）我很好。他非常漂亮。真好！这本书太贵。太好了！我也去。我们都是学生。连词“和”A+和+B我和他都学习汉语。结构助词“的”（表领属）代词/名词+的+名词我的书包语气助词“了”小句+了他去医院了。动词谓语句 “是”字句 “有”字句主语+动词+宾语主语+是/有+宾语主语+没有+宾语我姓王。马力是美国人。我有一个弟弟。我没有电子词典。句子成分、句型和句类

二级语法项目表

虚词的动词觉得希望（短语）/小句主语+希望+动词（短语）/小句我觉得太贵了。我觉得这件事可以做。我希望明天去。我希望你努力学习。助动词要可以（表允许）可能主语+要+动词（短语）可以+动词（短语）可能+动词（短语）/ 小句马力要去图书馆。这儿可以拍照。明天可能下雨。离合词唱歌、跳舞、上班、考试、游泳她游了一次泳。动词重叠（动量少、时量短） VV或者V 一V我试试这件衣服。我看看那本书。形容词重叠（表状态） AA式 AABB 式高高、长长干干净净、漂漂亮亮他个子咼咼的。他的房间干干净净的。程度副词最、更这件衣服最漂亮。这个更好。副词“正”或“正在”（表动作正在进行）正/正在+动词（短语）（+呢）玛丽正在打网球呢。结构助词“的” （“的”字短语）名词/代词+的形容词+的这是马力的。哪个是你的？红的好看。语气助词“了”（表变化）名词+了形容词+了要/就要/快要/快+ 你几岁了？几点了？

高考英语语法填空必备词汇总结

高考英语语法填空必备词汇总结 ability 能力-able 能够的-unable 无能力的-ably 精明能干地-disable 使残废； absence 缺席-absent 缺席的-absently 漫不经心； admit 承认-admission 承认-admitted 公认的; Africa 非洲-African 非洲人-African 非洲的，非洲人的analyze 分析-analysis 分析-analytic 分析的-analytically 分析地； anger 愤怒-angry 生气的-angrily 生气地; annoy 惹恼-annoyance 烦恼-annoying 讨厌的/annoyed 恼怒的-annoyingly 烦人地;anxiety 渴望-anxious 焦虑的-anxiously 焦虑地； annual 每年的-annually 每年地;apologize 道歉-apology 道歉-apologetic 道歉的-apologetically 抱歉地;appear 显得-appearance 外貌，出现；apply 申请，用-applicant 申请人-application 申请表; 形arrive 至U达-arrival 至U达-arriver 至U达者-arrived 已到达的；Asia 亚洲-Asian 亚洲人-Asian 亚洲的；assist 帮助 -assistant 助理-assistance 帮助-assistant 助理的；astonish 使惊讶-astonishment 惊异-astonished 吃惊的/astonishing 惊人的-astonishingly 惊讶地;Australia 澳大利亚-Australian 澳大利亚人-Australian 澳大利亚

英语语法词汇

英语语法专业术语表达疑问代词现在进行时 76. The Past Continuous Tense 1. Morphology 词法 41.Conjunctive Pronoun 连接代词过去进行时 2. Notional Words 实义词 77. The Future Continuous Tense 3. Form Words 虚词将来进行时 4. Parts of Speech 词类 44. Reciprocal Pronoun 相互代词 78. The Present Perfect Tense 42. Relative Pronouns 关系代词 43. Indefinite Pronouns 不定代词 5. The Noun 名词 45. The Subjective Case 主格现在完成时 6. The Pronoun 代词 79. The Future Perfect Tense 46. The Objective Case 宾格将来完成时 7. The Numeral 数词 80.The Present Perfect Continuous 8. The Verb 动词现在完成进行时 9. The Adjective 形容词 49. Fractional Numerals 分数词 80. The Sequence of Tenses 10. The Adverb 副词 50．Notional Verbs 实意动词时态的呼应 47. Cardinal Numerals 基数词 48. Ordinal Numerals 序数词 11. The Article 冠词 51. Link Verbs 连系动词 82. The Active Voice 主动语态 12. The Preposition 介词 52. Auxiliary Verbs 助动词 83. The Passive Voice 被动语态 13. The conjunction 连词 53. Modal Verbs 情态动词 84. The Indicative Mood 陈述语气 14. The Interjection 感叹词 54. Transitive Verbs 及物动词 85. The Imperative Mood 祈使语气 16. Word Building 构词法 86.The Subjunctive Mood 55. Intransitive Verbs 不及物动词 18. Derivation 派生 20. Prefix 前缀 21. Suffix 后缀 56. Regular Verbs 规则动词 57. Irregular Verbs 不规则动词 58. Person 人称虚拟语气 87. Sentences of Real Condition 真实条件句 88. Sentences of Unreal Condition 22. Compound Words 合成词 59. Number 数虚拟条件句 23. Classification of Nouns 89. Degrees of Comparison 60. Tense 时态

常见地汉语语法错误

常见的汉语语法错误一句法成分搭配不当所谓句法成分搭配不当，是指句子中密切相关的句法成分，如主语和谓语、述语和宾语、定语和中心语、状语和中心语等，在组织句子时，由于没有注意照顾它们之间的配合，结果造成了搭配不当的毛病。（一）主语和谓语搭配不当主谓搭配不当是常见的毛病。请看下面的例子：（1）*修建高速公路是很必要的，但是应该看到，我们国家的经济基础还比较低，还不能一下子省与省之间都通高速公路。（2）*生活告诉人们：急躁的人，事情一旦办不成，往往容易转化为灰心丧气。例（1）“经济基础”不能与“低”搭配。如果要保留“经济基础”，可以将“低”改为“薄弱”；如果要保留“低”，可以将“经济基础”改为“经济发展水平”。例（2）“人……转化为……灰心丧气”显然不通。“转化为”三个字完全是多余的，应删去。

有些主语与谓语搭配不当的毛病比较隐晦，需要作些分析才能发现。例如：（3）*你刚18岁，正值青春茂盛之时。（4）*这篇通讯的作者有很好的理论修养，所以立意很深。例（3）“你……正值……之时”没有错，但“之时”前一加上“青春茂盛”这个定语就使主语“你”与谓语“正值青春茂盛之时”就不搭配了。人怎么能像植物那样“茂盛”呢？把“茂盛”删去，句子当然通了，但念着还是别扭。比较好的改法是，将“青春茂盛之时”改为“青春年华”。例（4）是个因果复句，单就每个分句看，似没有语法错误；但读者读到后一个分句“立意很深”，总觉着别扭。“立意很深”是陈述那个成分的呀？从句子结构上看，“立意很深”该是说明“作者”的，因为后一个分句是承前省略了主语，那省略的主语该是“通讯的作者”；但从意思上说，“立意很深”该是用来陈述“这篇通讯”，因为“立意很深”只能用来形容作品内容，不能用来说明人。所以这个句子的毛病也属于主谓搭配不当的语法错误。下面的例子是主谓搭配不当的另一种情况：

英语语法词汇句型必背佳句

高中必背句型句句经典（一线优秀教师总结） 1.With the development of economy, more and more families bought private cars, thus leading to much heavier traffic problems and more serious air pollution. 2.What is the most important is that we do not mind what others say so long as we are confident in what we have done. 3.It’s a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on is first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. 4.We believe we are confident and capable of overcoming the current difficulties and challenges we are faced with. In a word, all we need to do now is plan carefully and act in ways that reflect the reality to assure that we can make full use of our talent and skills. 5.You can take a horse to the water but you can’t make him drink. 强扭的瓜不甜 When everybody is somebody, then nobody is anybody.人人都伟大，世间无豪杰。 6.I love waking up in the morning and not knowing what’s going to happen, or who I’m going to meet, where I’m going to wind up. 泰坦尼克号 7.Your future depends on your dreams. So go to sleep. 加菲猫 8.Teachers are the basis of education and that the best students receive instruction from the best teachers. I t’s of great importance to train and nurture teachers, especially those from impoverished and remote rural areas. 9.what I want to stress is that a harmonious family plays a very important role in our life, therefore, it is up to every family member to contribute to the building of such a family. First of all, parents should be a role model for their children and pay more attention to their own words and behaviour. Being children of the family, we should respect and understand our parents, and share their burdens. Only in this way will our family be always harmonious. 10.In my opinion, it’s high time that our government should take measures to ban farmers from cutting down trees. Besides, various activities should be organized to make it clear that everyone is responsible for the environment. Only in this way can we have a blue day. 11.A recent survey found that walking like a happy person on purpose can lift one’s spirits, according to media report on Wednesday. Walking in a happy style makes people feel happy, while adopting the gait of a depressed person can bring on sadness. 12.when it comes to the current public transport, though it is improving, there still remains something to be done. In the first place, the government should add to the investment in the construction of transport. Additionally, it is better for the festival time to be lengthened. Last but not least, more people should be encouraged to ride home instead of driving a private car. 13.According to the information given above, there is nothing ambiguous about the serious situation and who is at fault. 14.It just can't be denied that it is the fast development that is to blame, but maybe the government should undertake the responsibility. 15.Current situation of pollution is considerably serious. Ranking among top pollution sources are vehicles, coal burning, airborne dust and so on. Reasons behind it go as follows. First of all, economic development are promoted at the expense of environment. Secondly, citizens are not aware of the significance of being careful with protecting the environment.

常用英语语法术语表中英

常用英语语法术语表达语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类partofspeech 单词word 实词notionalword 虚词structuralword 单纯词simpleword 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性part?of?speech 名词?noun? 专有名词?proper?noun? 普通名词?common?noun? 可数名词?countable?noun? 不可数名词?uncountable?noun? 抽象名词?abstract?noun? 具体名词?concrete?noun? 物质名词?material?noun? 集体名词?collective?noun? 个体名词?individual?noun? 介词?preposition? 连词?conjunction? 动词?verb? 主动词?main?verb? 及物动词?transitive?verb? 不及物动词?intransitive?verb? 系动词?link?verb? 助动词?auxiliary?verb? 情态动词?modal?verb? 规则动词?regular?verb? 不规则动词?irregular?verb? 短语动词?phrasal?verb? 限定动词?finite?verb? 非限定动词?infinite?verb? 使役动词?causative?verb

感官动词?verb?of?senses? 动态动词dynamic verb? 静态动词?state?verb? 感叹词?exclamation? 形容词?adjective 副词?adverb? 方式副词?adverb?of?manner? 程度副词?adverb?of?degree? 时间副词?adverb?of?time? 地点副词?adverb?of?place? 修饰性副词adverb of?adjunct? 连接性副词?adverb of conjunct? 疑问副词?interrogative?adverb? 关系副词?relative?adverb 代词?pronoun? 人称代词?personal?pronoun? 物主代词?possessive?pronoun? 反身代词?reflexive?pronoun? 相互代词?reciprocal?pronoun? 指示代词?demonstrative?pronoun? 疑问代词?interrogative?pronoun? 关系代词?relative?pronoun? 不定代词?indefinite?pronoun? 名词性物主代词?nominal?possessive?pronoun? 形容词性物主代词?adjectival?possessive?pronoun? 冠词?article? 定冠词?definite?article 不定冠词?indefinite?article 数词?numeral? 基数词?cardinal?numeral? 序数词?ordinal?numeral? 分数词?fractional?numeral? 形式?form? 单数形式?singular?form? 复数形式?plural?form? 限定动词?finite?verb?form? 非限定动词?non-finite?verb?form? 原形?base?form?

常用汉语语法

（5）形容词前有程度副词，一般要用“地”：他很认真地学习。 8．结果补语（用在动词后，表示动作的结果）形式：动词+ 动词/ 形容词（1）动词+ 动词（懂、见、完、在、到、给、成…）：我听懂了。| 我看见他了。| 作业做完了。|车停在门口。（2）动词+ 形容词（对、错、好、清楚……）：你说对了。| 饭做好了。| 我听清楚了。 9．简单趋向补语动词+ 上、下、进、出、回、过、起/ 来、去动词后有宾语，趋向补语是“来/ 去”的情况：（1）宾语是处所词语的形式：动词+ 处所词语+ 来/ 去明天他回北京来。| 他进图书馆去了。（2）宾语是事物词语的两种形式：表示完成：动词+ 来/ 去+ 事物词语我借来一本书。| 他拿去了那支笔。表示要求：动词+ 事物词语+ 来/ 去你快倒茶来！ 10．复合趋向补语动词+ 上来/ 上去、下来/ 下去、进来/ 进去、出来/ 出去、回来/ 回去、过来/ 过去、起来（1）宾语是处所词语的形式：“来/ 去”在句末他走进教室来。| 他跑回家去。（2）宾语是事物词语的形式：表示完成，事物宾语前有数量词的两种形式：他拿出来一本书。| 他拿出一本书来。表示完成，事物宾语前没有数量词：他拿出书来。表示要求，事物宾语在“来/ 去”前：你拿出书来！ 11．程度补语

英语语法术语词汇

英语语法术语词汇从句 clause 从属句 subordinate clause 并列句 coordinate clause 名词从句 nominal clause 定语从句 attributive clause 状语从句 adverbial clause 宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句 appositive clause 时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result 目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition 真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition 非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition 句子 sentence

简单句 simple sentence 并列句 compound sentence 复合句 complex sentence 并列复合句 compound complex sentence 陈述句 declarative sentence 疑问句 interrogative sentence 一般疑问句 general question 特殊疑问句 special question 选择疑问句 alternative question 附加疑问句 tag question 反义疑问句 disjunctive question 修辞疑问句 rhetorical question 感叹疑问句 exclamatory question 存在句 existential sentence 肯定句 positive sentwence 否定句 negative sentence 祈使句 imperative sentence 省略句 elliptical sentence 感叹句 exclamatory sentence 基本句型 basic sentence patern 句子成分 members of sentences 主语 subject

小学六年级英语语法及词汇汇总

By 一、人称代词二、指示代词

四、不定代词

一、词类： 1、动词：行为动词、be动词、情态动词。（1）行为动词原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具体判断方法如下：（2）be动词 a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。 b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. c、一般疑问句Am I …? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are you/they…? Yes,we/ they are. No,we/ they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. is、am、are为一类，一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。 was和were为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。（3）情态动词 can、must、should、would、may。情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）2、名词这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was。如何加后缀： a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

b．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives e．不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 3、形容词（包括副词）形容词表示某一事物或的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词只有两种形式：原形和+er。未作比较的情况下就用原形，比较时就+er。两个重要特征：as……as中间一定用原形，有than的时候一定+er。 4、人称代词和物主代词人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性（短）名词性（长）形容词性（短）名词性（长）第一人称I me we us my、our mineours 第二人称you you you you your yours your yours 第三人称he him they them his his their theirs She her her hers 人称代词：有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。物主代词：有两类：形容词性物主代词（短的）和名词性物主代词（长的）一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词（短的）；如无，就用名词性物主代词（长的）。 5、数量词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。序数词的前面一般都加the。 6、冠词有a、an、the。a和an的区别：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母aeiou）前，a用于辅音音素前。二、否定句： be动词（am、is、are、was、were）+not、情态动词（can、must、should）+ not、助动词（do、does、did）+ not 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句： 1、看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在be动词后+ not。 2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ not。 3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤：（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。（2）确定助动词用do、does还是did，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词