(完整版)自考英语试题和答案

自考英语试题和答案

PART ONE

Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item)

从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

1. It is time now to learn ________ to protect our atmosphere, the roof over the world of man.

A. what

B.

which C.

how D. that

2. Association refers ________ taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately.

A. in

B.

to C. up D. by

3. Tomatoes ________ love apples and were supposed to make people ________ ate them fall in love.

A. called … who

B. were called … who

C. called … whom

D. were called … whom

4. The doctor advised that Jim ________ down for a rest.

A. lie

B.

lies C. lay D. lain

5. ________ a little earlier, I would have caught the train.

A. Did I leave

B. Would I leave

C. Had I left

D. Have I left

6. When we call a word “popular”, we do not mean that it is a favorite word, ________ simply that it belongs to the people as a whole, that is, it is everybody's word.

A. so

B.

since C.

for D. but

7. I would rather you ________ swimming now.

A. went

B.

go C. to go D. going 8. His illness accounts ________ his absence from class.

A. to

B.

for C. over D. after

9. The more words you are familiar with, the less you are aware of reading words and

________ you are aware of content and meaning.

A. more

B.

less C. the

more D. the less

10. Almost 20% of all American families

________ single parent families, and in 85% of these families the single parent ________ the mother.

A. are … is

B. are …

are C. is …

are D. is … is

Ⅱ. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)

下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

Many children act in TV shows. They work several hours every day, so they cannot go to regular school. How do they

get 11 ?

In Hollywood, where many TV shows are made, about forty teachers give lessons

for 12 in the shows. They teach wherever their pupils are working.

The teacher's 13 is very important. She is responsible for making sure that the child works only the permitted hours each week. She is also responsible for making sure that the child learns

the 14 subjects. She makes sure, too, that the child gets

enough 15 and play, along with his education.

Child actors are required

to 16 classes twenty hours each week. California law says that they must be taught from September to the middle of June. If they do not get good 17 in school, they are not permitted to continue working in TV shows.

TV children are usually

good 18 , and most of their teachers like this special kind of work. Their classes are held in many 19 places. Sometimes the 20 is a Mississippi riverboat. Sometimes it is the inside of a spaceship. Often the pupils become famous stars.

11. A. a school B. an honor C. an

education D. a job

12. A. workers B. characters C.

students D. children

13. A. job B. attitude C.

worry D. emotion

14. A. interesting B.

required C.

easy D. difficult

15. A. food B. clothes C.

work D. rest 16. A. go to B. attend C.

learn D. keep up 17. A. marks B. remarks C.

awards D. rewards 18. A. boys B. actors C.

girls D. pupils 19. A. dangerous B. interesting C.

safe D.

lonely

20. A. home B. house C.

classroom D. stage Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each item)

从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的答案涂黑。

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

The communication process begins with the formulation of an idea or the selection of information by its sender. The sender then encodes the idea into symbols, thereby creating a message, which is subsequently transmitted (传送) through one or more channels (e.g., speaking, writing, or electronic media). It is at this point that the receiver decodes(解码) and attaches meaning to the message. If effective communication has occurred, the receiver will understand the idea and information as the sender intended. Unfortunately, the potential for physical and perceptual noise, which can distort the intended message of the sender, is present at every stage of the process. Fortunately, noise can be overcome through effective feedback(反馈), a response from the sender that allows misunderstandings to be identified and resolved. Two way communication-communication that allows feedback-is almost always more effective than one way communication.

Each of the steps in the communication process has potential problems that can impede(妨碍) effective communication. During encoding, the primary difficulty usually results from the nature of symbols and the semantic (语义) variation in their meanings. In addition to these distortions, the sender must also be aware of nonverbal messages that might distort the message. This awareness is important because research has shown that nonverbal messages are given greater weight by the receiver when decoding and attaching meaning to the message. The effectiveness of encoding will be increased if the sender develops empathy (感情移入) for the receiver and is aware of his or her own feelings and emotions. The key to effective transmission of the message is choosing the most appropriate channel or channels of media for the situation.

21. The best title for the passage is

________.

A. Communication

Process B. Communication

C. Effective

Communication D. Transmission of Messages

22. Two way communication is more effective than one way communication because ________.

A. it allows feedback

B. it can distort the intended message of the sender

C. the sender is aware of the nonverbal messages that might distort the message

D. none of the above

23. Unless the receiver understand the idea and information as the sender intended, ________.

A. effective communication can be achieved

B. effective communication cannot be achieved

C. the communication process will not end

D. both B and C

24. Problems that might impede effective communication are caused by________.

A. the nature of symbol

B. the semantic variation in their meanings

C. nonverbal messages

D. all of the above

25. Which of the following is critical to effective communication?

A. Creating a message.

B. Developing empathy for the receiver.

C. Overcoming noise through effective feedback.

D. Choosing the most appropriate channel or channels of media.

Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Scientists claim that air pollution causes a decline in the world's average air temperature. In order to prove that theory, ecologists have turned to historical data in relation to especially huge volcanic eruptions. They suspect that volcanoes affect weather change that are similar to air polluiton.

One source of information is the effect of the eruption of Tambora, a volcano in Sumbawa, the Dutch East Indias, in April 1815. The largest recorded volcanic eruption, Tambora threw 150 million tons of fine ash into the stratosphere(平流层). The ash from a volcano spreads worldwide in a few days and remains in the air for years. Its effect is to turn incoming solar radiation into space and thus cool the earth. For example, records of weather in England show that between April and November 1815, the average temperature had fallen 4.5 . During the next twenty four months, England suffered one of the coldest periods of its history. Farmers' records from April 1815 to December 1818 indicate frost throughout the spring and summer and sharp decreases in crop and livestock markets. Since there was a time lag(滞后) of several years between cause and effect, by the time the world agricultural commodity community had deteriorated, no one realized the cause.

Ecologists today warn that we face a twofold menace. The ever present possibility of volcanic eruptions, such as that of Mr. St. Helens in Washington, added to man's pollution of the atmosphere with oil, gas, coal, and other polluting substances, may bring us increasingly colder weather.

26. It is believed that the earth gets colder when ________.

A. volcanoes erupt

B. the air is polluted by modern man

C. the rays of the sun are turned into space

D. all of the above

27. The effects of Tambora's eruption were ________.

A. felt mainly in the Dutch East Indias

B. of several day's duration worldwide

C. evidence of pollution's cooling the

earth

D. immediately evident to the world's scientists

28. The cause of cold weather in England from 1815 to 1818 was ________.

A. decreased crop and livestock production

B. volcanic ash in the atmosphere

C. pollution caused by the Industrial Revolution

D. its proximity to the North sea

29. No one realized the cause of the deterioration of the world agricultural commodity market because ________.

A. there was a long delay between cause and effect

B. the weather is beyond our comprehension

C. weather forecasts were inaccurate

D. ecologists didn't exist until modern times

30. If, as some scientists predict, the world ends in ice, what might be the cause?

A. Modern man's pollution of the air.

B. Volcanic eruptions.

C. Obliteration(破坏) of solar radiation.

D. All of the above.

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The great advance in rocket theory 40 years ago showed that liquid fuel rockets were far superior in every respect to the skyrocket with its weak solid fuel, the only kind of rocket then known. However, during the last decade, large solid fuel rockets with solid fuels about as powerful as liquid fuels have made their appearance, and it is a favorite layman's(外行) question to inquire which one is “better.” The question is meaningless; one might as well ask whether a gasoline or a diesel engine is “better.” It all depends on the purpose.

A liquid fuel rocket is complicated, but has the advantage that it can be controlled beautifully. The burning of the rocket engine can be stopped completely; it can be reignited(重新点火) when desired. In addition, the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the speed of the fuel pumps. A solid fuel rocket, on the other hand, is rather simple in construction, though hard to build when a really large size is desired. But once you have a solid fuel rocket, it is ready for action at very short notice. A liquid fuel rocket has to be fueled first and cannot be held in readiness for very long after it has been fueled. However, once a solid fuel rocket has been ignited, it will keep buming. It cannot be stopped and reignited whenever desired (it could conceivably be stopped and reignited after a pre calculated time of burning has elapsed) and its thrust cannot be varied. Because a solid fuel rocket can be kept ready for a long time, most military missiles employ solid fuels, but manned spaceflight needs the fine adjustments that can only be provided by liquid fuels. It may be added that a liquid fuel rocket is an expensive device; a large solid fuel rocket is, by comparison, cheap. But the solid fuel, pound per pound, costs about 10 times as much as the liquid fuel. So you have, on the one hand, an expensive rocket with a cheap fuel and on the other hand a comparatively cheap rocket with an expensive fuel.

31. The author feels that a comparison of liquid and solid fuel rockets shows that ________.

A. neither type is very economical

B. the liquid fuel rocket is best

C. each type has certain advantages

D. the solid fuel rocket is best

32. The most important consideration for manned space flight is that the rocket be ________.

A. inexpensive to construct

B. capable of lifting heavy spacecraft into orbit

C. easily controlled

D. inexpensive to operate

33. Solid fuel rockets are expensive to operate because of their ________.

A. size

B. burning time

C. fuel

D. complicated engines

34. Which of the following statements is not characteristic of liquid fuel rockets?

A. The fuel is cheap.

B. They are cheap to build.

C. They can be stopped and reignited.

D. They must be used soon after fueling.

35. Which of the following statements is a possible disadvantage of solid fuel rockets?

A. They are complicated.

B. They are uneasily adjusted.

C. They are expensive to construct.

D. They cannot be ready for action with little time for preparation.

PART TWO

Ⅳ. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items )

将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。

36. 逻辑上的，符合逻辑

的 a. l

__ __ __ __ __ __

37. 诊断；判断，断

定 v.

d __ __ __ __ __ __ __

38. 模仿，仿

效

v. i __ __ __ __ __ __ 39. 挑战；向……挑

战 n./v.

c __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

40. 陈述，声

明

n. s__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 41. 纪录，注册，登

记 v.

r __ __ __ __ __ __ __

42. 恐慌，惊

慌

n./v. p __ __ __ __

43. 存在；生

存

n. e __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 44. 颤抖，抖

动

v. t __ __ __ __ __ __ 45. 听众，观众，读

者 n.

a __ __ __ __ __ __ __

46. 牺牲者，受害

者

n. v __ __ __ __ __

47. 神经紧张

的

a. n __ __ __ __ __ __

48. 设计；预

定

n/v. d __ __ __ __ __

49. 海外的，国外

的

a. o __ __ __ __ __ __ __

50. 暗示，含有…的意

思 v.

i __ __ __ __

51. 抗议，反

对

v. p __ __ __ __ __ __ 52. 容量，容积；能

力 n.

c __ __ __ __ __ __ __

53. 稳定的，不变

的

a. s __ __ __ __ __

54. 反射，反

映

v. r __ __ __ __ __ __ 55. 文学，文学作

品

n. l __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

Ⅴ．Word Form（10 points， 1 point for each item）

将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。

56. But for the storm, we ________ (arrive) earlier.

57. When it comes to ________ (respect) the rights of a mass of anonymous individuals, we might not be so responsible.

58. She did not stop ________ (read) until it became dark.

59. He ________ (live) in England for five

years before he went to the United States.

60. By next June they ________ (finish) writing the novel.

61. The sooner you leave here, ________ (good).

62. My suggestion is that a trade delegation ________ (send) to the European Union. 63. I can't find my bag. It ________ (must, steal).

64. How ________ (get) enough capital is still a question.

65. She complained of ________ (pay) a smaller amount of money for doing the same work as others.

Ⅵ．Translation from Chinese into English （15 points， 3 points for each item）将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。

66. 不是我不想见你，而是我没有时间。

67. 患难朋友才是真正的朋友。

68. 归根结底，我反对这个建议。

69. 他和我一样都搬不起那张桌子。

70. 我们必须正视现实。

Ⅶ．Translation from English into Chinese （15 points）.

将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。

In order to learn a foreign language well, it is necessary to overcome fear of making mistakes. If the primary goal of language use is communication, then mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually as awareness of those mistakes increases. On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes. The language learner may observe how native speakers express themselves, and how native expressions differ from the way the learner might say them. For example, a Spanish speaker who has been saying “I do it” to express willingness to do something in the immediate future, could, by interacting (交际) with native speakers of English, observe that native spea kers actually say “I'll do it”. The resulting discrepancy (差异) can serve as a basis for the student to modify his way of using the present tense in English. But a student who is unwilling to interact in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn by trial and error. 参考答案

Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item )

1.C

2.B

3.B

4.A 5 .C 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.

C 10.A

Ⅱ. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)

11. C 12.

D 13.

A 14.

B 15. D

16. B 17.

A 18.

D 19.

B 20. C

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each item)

21. C 22.

A 23.

B 24.

D 25. D

26. D 27.

C 28.

B 29.

A 30. D

31. C 32.

C 33.

C 34.

B 35. B

Ⅳ. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items )

36. logical 37. diag nose 38. imitate

39. challenge

40. statement 41. regist er 42. panic

43. existence

44. tremble 45. audi ence 46. victim

47. nervous

48. design 49. ove rseas 50. imply

51. protest

52. capacity 53. stead y 54. reflect

55. literature

Ⅴ. Word Form (10 points, 1 point for each item )

56. should have arrived 57. respecting 58. reading

59. had

lived 6 0. will have finished 61. the better

62. be

sent

63. must have been stolen 64. to get

65. being paid

Ⅵ. Translation from Chinese into English (15 points, 3 points for each item)

66. It's not that I don't want to see you, but that I have no time.

67. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

68. In the final analysis, I object to the proposal.

69. He could no more lift the table than I could.

70. We must look facts in the face.

Ⅶ. Translation from English into Chinese (15 points)

为了学好外语，克服对犯错误的恐惧是必要的。如果使用语言的主要目的是交流，那么，所犯的错误应是次要考虑的问题，应随着逐渐意识到这些错误改正它们。然而，学生也不应该忽略他们的错误。语言的初学者可能观察到说本族语的人如何表达他们自己，以及本族语表达方式与初学者的表达方式的不同之处。例如，一个西班牙的初学者说“我做这件事”来表示在不远

的将来要做某事的愿望，而在与英语本族语者的交际中，他可能会发现本族语者实际上说“我将要做这件事”。这种由观察而得出的差异可以作为学生改正其使用一般将来时的方法的基础。但是，一个从一开始因怕犯错误而不愿意交际的学生会失去从实践及错误中吸取教训的机会。