动词不定式与动名词用法总结

一动词不定式作主语

(1) （1）To learn a foreign language is not easy.

主语

It（形式主语）is not easy to learn a foreign language(真正主语)

It takes / took me 3 hours to read English

It is not difficult for us to learn a foreign language

It’s kind of you to help me with my English .

1 It＋is＋形容词（表示人的性格品质）＋of sb＋to do

2 It＋is＋形容词（表示做某事是怎么样）＋for sb＋to do

注（1）当形容词表示人的性格品质时，逻辑主语由of引出,

如：kind，nice, good, polite, clever, careful，careless，foolish，（2）当形容词表示做某事是怎么样时逻辑主语由for引出.

如：difficult, hard , easy, important, dangerous possible

二动词不定式宾语此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。

want to do agree to do hope to do decide to do

prefer to do plan to do offer to do would like to do

Kevin planned to visit his uncle

三动词不定式做宾语补足语

tell sb + to do ask sb + to do want sb + to do

order sb + to do invite sb + to do warn sb + to do

I tell him not to go there by bus ．

四：定语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。

例: I have a lot of work to do．

点击规律: 动词不定式若在句中作定语, 常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。

提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系, 且动词是不及物动词, 切记不要忘掉后面的介词。

如I have a small chair to sit on．(sit on the chair)

There aren’t enough rooms to live in. (live in enough rooms)

五作状语

A .目的状语.（1）I come to see you．

（2 ）He runs fast in order to get there in time．

b. 原因状语: 放在sorry, glad, surprised, disappointed，excited等词后面。对其进行

补充说明, 作形容词补足语）

如：I am glad to see you here．I am sorry to trouble you．六动词不定式表语: 放在连系动词be后面(be +adj + to do)

例句: His wish /hope is to become a scientist．. My work is to clean the street .

七: “疑问词＋不定式”用法

不定式前可带what，who，which，where, when, how, whose, 等疑问词, 这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。

例: He didn’t tell me where to go. (直宾)

I don’t know what to say now.(宾语)

I don't know what to do next. (宾语）

He taught us how to use the computer．(宾语补足语)

九重点句型：

要注意如下两个句型的用法，后面的to+V（原形）都是做状语。

A. …too + adj / adv + to +do .. 太…而不能….

B. + adj / adv + enough to +do 足够….干…

它们是简单句，还可以so ---- that +从句互相转换。

So + adj (many/much/ little /few )+ n (名词) +that +从句

Such+ a/an +adj + (单数可数名词) + that +从句

如此…以致于…..（以上都是复合句）

Eg: 1. 他是如此的年轻而不能去上学.

A. He is so young that he ca n’t go to school.

=B. He is such a young boy that he ca n’t go to school.

=C. He is too young to go to school

=D. He isn’t old enough to go to school.

2）、不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:

1、why not do 或Why don't you do之后。

2、在固定词组had better do 否定形式是had better not do sth.

例如: You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。

It's cold outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。

3、在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后,跟不带to的不定式作宾补。

?let /make/have sb do 让某人做某事

?see /watch sb do 看见某人做过某事

?hear sb do听见某人做过某事

感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel后既可+to do，也可跟v-ing作宾补，

see/ hear do 看见/听见某人做过某事（前者表示动作的全部过程已结束）；

see /hear sb doing看见/听见某人正做过某事（后者表示动作正在进行）

十：动名词

like/love +doing喜欢做某事practice +doing 练习做某事keep +doing 一直做某事finish +doing 完成做某事enjoy + doing 喜欢做某事mind +doing 介意做某事be busy + doing 忙于做某事

can’t help +doing 情不自禁做某事be worth doing 值得去做某事spend…..in doing sth 花时间去做某事feel like + doing 想要做某事

find sb doing 发现某人在做某事

hate doing 憎恨做某事imagine doing 想象做某事

avoid doing 避免做某事go swimming 去游泳

prefer doing to doing 喜欢前者胜于后者have fun（有乐趣的doing sth

十一介词后+doing

be good at +doing 擅长做某事do well in +doing 擅长做某事

what /how about +doing 做某事怎么样give up +doing 放弃做某事

thanks for +doing 因做某事而感谢be interested in+doing 对某事感兴趣

stop sb from +doing 阻止某人去做某事make a contribution to+doing 为………做贡献look forward to +doing 盼望做某事give one’s life to doing 献身于做某事

十二：动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点）

A ：He finds it very difficult to ge t to sleep. 他发现很难入睡

主语+动词+it+（形容词、名词）+不定式

Sb find it + adj +to do 某人发现做某事是怎么样

B 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：remember to do 记住去做某事；forget to do 忘记去做某事remember doing 记得曾经做过某事forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事

go on + doing 继续做同一事stop + doing 停止正在做的事

go on to do 继续做某事（前后是两件事）stop +to do 停下来去做另一件事like doing 喜欢做某事（指兴趣爱好）hate doing 讨厌去做某事

like to do 偶尔喜欢去做某事hate to do 不愿去做某事

（人）need to do 某人需要去做某事

（物）need doing 某物需要被….

begin /start /continue to do /doing 开始做某事

十三、巩固练习

( )1. The weather is very cold. We'd _____-keep the door open.

A. better not to

B. not better

C. not better to

D. better not

( )2. Will you please ________ me your maths book for the afternoon?

A. leading

B. lend

C. to lend

D. borrow

( )3. He has got used to _____ early.

A. getting up

B. get up

C. be gotten up

D. be getting

( ) 4. He walked ________ fast for us ________catch up with.

A. so, that

B. such, that

C. enough, to

D. too, to

( )5. It is _______to work out this problem. You needn't go to the teacher.

A. enough easy

B.easily enough

C. easy, enough

D. very easily

( )6. Every day I spend two hours _______my homework.

A.finishing to do

B.finishing doing

C. to finish to do

D. to finish doing

( )7. Lin Tao can't be at home. I saw him _______here a few minutes ago.

A. plays

B. to play

C. playing

D. played

( )8. We'd better _______on the road.,or A car may hit us.

A. not to play

B. not play

C. to not play

D. don't play

( ) 9.--When can I go out to play football, Mum?

--Finish your homework first, or I won't let you ________.

A. to go out

B. go out

C. going out

D. will go out

( )10. Could you make her ________laughing?

A. stop

B. to stop

C. stops

D. stopped

( )11. I’m sorry I haven’t got any money. I’ve ______ my handbag at home.

A. missed

B. left

C. put

D. forgot

( )12.--__________ we make it half past seven?

--What about _______ it a little earlier?

A. Shall, making

B. Shall, to make

C. Will, making

D. will, to make

( )13. I’d like to have a nice room _______.

A. live

B. to live

C. to live in

D. live in

( )14. To a doctor, the most important thing is _______.

A. to save

B. saving

C. to saving

D. saved

( ).15.I’m sorry to have kept you ________ for a long time.

A. wait

B. to wait

C. waiting

D. to be waiting

三中考试题回顾

1、He read the instruction to find out how ____ the computer.

A. use

B. to use

C. using

D. uses

2、There are some dangerous fishes in this river, and I’ve warned Jack ____here.

A. not to swim B .to not swim C. swim not to D. to swim not

3、The article said that he hoped ____ drawing the picture soon.

A .his son to finish B. to finish C. finish D. his son will finish

4、Listen! Can you hear a baby ______ ?

A. cry

B. to cry

C. crying

D. cries

5、“Don’t always make Michael _____ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Bush said

to his wife.

A . do B. to do C. does D. did

6、Don’t forget _____ the letter.

A. to send

B. send

C. sending

7、John was made ______ the car for a week as a punishment.

A. to wash

B. washing

C. wash

8、Thank you very much _____ the present.

A. to give me

B. for giving me

C. giving me

9、I have no paper. Could you give me a piece of paper ___ ?

A. to write in

B. write in

C. to write on

10、The teacher got his students _____ the top of the mountain.

A. reach

B. to reach

C. reaching

11、If everyone makes a contribution to _____ the environment, the world will become much

more beautiful.

A. protect

B. protecting

C. protected

12、Tracy can’t play the match now. Please _____ instead.

A. have Lily do

B. let Lily to do it

C. make Lily to do it

13、We lock the door to keep the books _____ .

A. to be stolen

B. from being stolen

C. from stealing

14、On my way home, I stopped _____ some food.

A. buy

B. to buy

C. buying

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如： Dave told me not to wake up Kate. 大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。 2. 不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式： (1)在固定词组had better之后。注意：had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。如： You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。 It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out. 外面很冷，你最好不要出去。 (2)在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。 I didn’t see you come in. 我没看见你进来。 (3)在引导疑问句的why not之后。 Why not+不带to的不定式是Why don’t you do的省

动词不定式用法小结

动词不定式用法动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 1．作主语可以直接作主语。如：To see is to believe．但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如： It's wrong to play tricks on other people． It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy．点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj．（形容词）＋to do sth．或It is ＋n．（名词）＋to do sth．句型中，it仅作形式主语。 2．作宾语 a．want，decide ，agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如： We agreed to start early． She wants to be a doctor． b．love，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。如： I like swimming，but I don't like to swim now．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。 c．stop，forget，remember，go on ，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。提示板： 1）stop to do sth．：停止一件事，去做另一件事。 stop doing sth．：停止正在做的事。例句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk．当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。 2）思考：forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？ d．在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋to do sth．句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如： The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep． I feel it easy to recite the text．点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。 3．作宾语补足语 a．tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如： I tell him not to go there by bus ． Edison's mother taught him to read and write． b．let，make，have，see，hear，feel，watch，notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如： The boss makes them work 16 hours a day．I heard her sing in the next room．提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上。如： They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss． She was heard to sing in the next room． 4．作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面例句：I have a lot of work to do． The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy．点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。如： I have a small bedroom to live in． Have you got some pens to write with？ 5．表语：放在连系动词be后面例句：His wish is to become a scientist． The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives．当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。 6．作状语