公共英语三级考试大纲教学教材

公共英语三级考试大

纲

公共英语三级考试大纲

概述

1.关于考试的组成

PETS第三级考试由笔试和口试两项独立考试组成。

2.关于考试指导语和题目用语

PETS第三级考试中，笔试、口试的指导语均为英文。口试所提供的引导性材料中可能会涉及少量的中文。

3.关于笔试答题卡和口试登分卡的使用

PETS第三级笔试使用一张答题卡，考生在卡上填涂和书写。

PETS第三级口试使用一张口试成绩登分卡。口试开始前考生在卡上填好自己的考号等有关信息，口试结束后口试教师在卡上填上考生的口试成绩。

4.关于考试的时间、题量和原始赋分

PETS第三级笔试包括听力、阅读和写作三部分，各部分及总体的答题时间、题量和原始赋分（除特殊情况外，每题1分），PETS第三级口试包括三节，考试时间共计10分钟，如下表所示：

5.关于笔试分数权重

为处理好考试中题目数量、赋分与各种技能的考查关系，PETS第三级笔试采用了分数加权的办法，即对各部分题目的原始赋分分别给予不同的权重，使之能够平衡各种技能的考查关系。

PETS第三级笔试中各部分所占分数权重如下所示：

各部分赋分加权的总和为100分。考生得到的考试成绩是其各部分原始得分经过加权处理后的分数总和。如：

某考生听力部分原始得分为20分，经加权处理后的分数应为24分

（20÷25×30-2440=3230=16部分原船分为20分，经加权处理后的分数应为32分（20÷25×40=32分）；其写作部分原始得分为16分，经加权处理后的分数应为16分（16÷30×30=16分）。该考生未经过加权的原始总分为56分，各部分经加权后的总分应为72分。

6.关于合格成绩

PETS第三级笔试成绩是笔试各部分原始得分加权后的总和，满分100分，60分以上（含60分）为合格。

PETS第三级口试成绩是两名口试教师所给分数加权后的总和，满分5分，3分以上（含3分）为合格。

笔试内容和结构

PETS第三级笔试的全部试题在一份试卷中，包括听力、阅读和写作三个部分。考试时间为120分钟。

第一部分听力

该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生理解英语口语的能力。

A节（10题）：考查考生理解简短对话的具体信息、主旨要义、进行推理和引申等能力。要求考生根据所听到的10段简短对话（总长约400词），从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项。每段录音材料只播放一遍。

B节（15题）：考查考生理解对话和独白的具体信息、主旨要义、进行推理和引申等能力。要求考生根据所听到的4段对话或独白（每段平均约200词，总长约800词），从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项。每段录音材料只播放一遍。

问题不在录音中播放，仅在试卷上印出。每段录音材料播放前、后都有适当停顿，用作读题和答题时间。听力考试进行时，考生将答案标在试卷上；听力部分结束前，考生有3分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。该部分所需时间约为25分钟（含转涂时间）。

第二部分阅读

该部分由A、B、C、D四节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。

A节（10题）：考查考生理解文章的具体信息、主旨要义、进行推理和引申等能力。要求考生根据所提供的2篇文章的内容（每篇平均约350词），从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项。

B节（5题）：考查考生理解段落主旨要义的能力。要求考生从7个选择项中排除2个干扰项，将正确的概括与5段文字（总长约350词）逐一搭配成对。

C节（5题）：考查考生理解文章结构及单句之间、段落之间的关系的能力。在一篇约350词的文章中留出5处空白，要求考生从文后所给的7句话中选出分别能放进文章中空白处的5句，使补足后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯。

D节（10题）：考查考生对话篇中词汇意义与用法的掌握情况以及对语篇连贯的理解。在一篇200 -250词的文章中留出10处空白，要求考生从文后所给的15个单词中选出分别能放进文章中空白处的10个，使补足后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯。

该部分所需时间约为50分钟。

第三部分写作

该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生的书面表达能力。

A节：考生根据所给情景和任务要求写出约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的通知、申请或信函等。

B节：考生阅读一篇英语文章（200 -250词），写出一篇约120词（标点符号不计算在内）的短文，要求概括所给文章大意，并予以适当评论。

该部分所需时间约为45分钟。

口试内容和结构

口试分为三节，考查考生用英语进行口头交际的能力。考试时间约10分钟。

口试采取两名口试教师和两名考生的形式。一名口试教师不参与交谈，专事评分；另一名口试教师主持口试，随时与考生交谈并评分。专事评分的教师所给分数的权重占考生口试成绩的三分之二，主持口试的教师所给分数的权重占考生口试成绩的三分之一。

A节：考查考生回答询问、提供信息的能力。

要求考生回答口试教师提出的有关他们日常生活、工作、学习等方面的问题。

该节约需2分钟时间。

B节：考查考生与他人交流、表达观点的能力。

要求考生就所给图片和话题进行交流和讨论。

该节约需3分钟时间。

C节：考查考生进行连续表达的能力。

要求考生描述所给图片内容，并阐述自己的观点。

该节约需5分钟时间。

PETS第三级口试结构表

全国公共英语三级常见语法

第一节动词的时态一、一般现在时： 1、由when、as soon as、the minute、the moment、till、until等引起的时间状语从句，以及由if、unless、provided that等引起的条件状语从句常常用一般现在时态表示将来的动作，而主句则用一般将来时态。例：They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams. 2、当表示普遍的真理或者众所周知的客观事实，常常用一般现在时态。例：The earth is round. 地球是圆的。二、一般过去时：区分三个短语的用法： 1、used to do sth：过去常常做某事。 2、be/get used to doing sth：习惯做某事。 3、be used to do sth：被用于做某事。三、一般将来时： 1、be to+动词原形：表示安排或计划好了的动作。例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day. 2、be about to+动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。例：The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将开始。 3、一些表示动作趋势，如开始、终结，以及一些表示动作方向，如往来的动词，常常用现在进行时态表示按照安排将于将来发生的事情，这类动词常见的有如：start，go，leave，come，arrive等。例：We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。四、进行时态：重点区分when和while引起的时间状语的用法。 When表示时间上的点，在考试中其引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“这时？”，主句多用进行时态；while引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“正当……时”，该从句用进行时态。例：One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry. I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis. 五、现在完成时：

2019年公共英语三级考试作文试题

2019年公共英语三级考试作文试题 Direetions： Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use you own words. The Princess of Cambridge has finally been revealed to the world as Charlotte Elizabeth Dianain a touching nod to her grandfather, her grandmother and her great-grandmother. The name has long tradition which can be traced hack to the royal background. Charlotte, derived from French name, pays tribute to her grandfather, prince of Wales. And Charlotte is also Kate's sister, Pippa Middleton's middle name. Kensington Palace revealed the royal baby's full name yesterday after days of speculation and close friends of Princess Diana immediately said the choice means the spirit of Prince William's beloved mother 'lives on'. William was, however, clear that his baby girl should not have Diana as a first name. "It would have been a millstone around her neck," said one of the princess' s longtime friends. Within minutes of the name being announced this afternoon, Diana's closest friend Rosa Monckton said： "Diana's spirit lives on in her sons, and now her name lives on in her granddaughter 'Charlotte Elizabeth Diana'. "Diana was the godmother of Mrs. Monckton's daughter Dominica The British citizens show their satisfaction with this name via Intemet. They said it is the perfect name for their lovely princess.

公共英语等级考试第三级课本听力文本1-3

公共英语等级考试第三级课本听力文本1-3 https://www.360docs.net/doc/971432284.html,work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR

公共英语等级考试第三级课本听力Unit1 Part A 1.W:You seem to take great pride in your daughter.She's such a successful manager. M:Yes,she is a wonderful daughter.But I'm proud of her because of her pleasant and attractive personality even more than fot her success. 2.M:I ran into David Preston downtown today. W:ReallyDid he say anything about his sister M:Yes.She should be leaving Los Angeles very soon,because her husband has taken a jo b in Alaska. 3.W:Professor Philips seems serious. M:But his lectures are quite humorous,aren't they? Part B Questions 4-6 A gentleman put an advertisement in a newspaper for a boy to work in his office.Out of nearly fifty persons who came to apply, the man selected one and dismissed the others. "I should like to know,"said a friend,"the reason you preferred that boy, who brought not a single letter, not a dinagle recommendation." "You are wrong,"said the gentleman."He had a great many. He wiped his feet at the door and closed the door behind him,showing that he was careful.He gave his seat immediately to that old man, showing that he was kind and thoughtful.He took off his cap when he came in and answered my questions promptly, showing that he was polite and gentlemanly." "All the rest stepped over the book which I had purposely put on the floor. He picked it up and placed it on the table ,and he waited quietly for his turn instead of pushing and crowding.When I talked to him ,I noticed his tidy clothing, his neatly brushed hair and his clean finger nails. Can't you see that these things are excellent recommendations

公共英语三级考试大纲

公共英语三级考试大纲概述 1.关于考试的组成 PETS第三级考试由笔试和口试两项独立考试组成。 2.关于考试指导语和题目用语 PETS第三级考试中，笔试、口试的指导语均为英文。口试所提供的引导性材料中可能会涉及少量的中文。 3.关于笔试答题卡和口试登分卡的使用 PETS第三级笔试使用一张答题卡，考生在卡上填涂和书写。 PETS第三级口试使用一张口试成绩登分卡。口试开始前考生在卡上填好自己的考号等有关信息，口试结束后口试教师在卡上填上考生的口试成绩。 4.关于考试的时间、题量和原始赋分 PETS第三级笔试包括听力、阅读和写作三部分，各部分及总体的答题时间、题量和原始赋分（除特殊情况外，每题1分），PETS第三级口试包括三节，考试时间共计10分钟，如下表所示： 5.关于笔试分数权重为处理好考试中题目数量、赋分与各种技能的考查关系，PETS第三级笔试采用了分数加权的办法，即对各部分题目的原始赋分分别给予不同的权重，使之能够平衡各种技能的考查关系。 PETS第三级笔试中各部分所占分数权重如下所示：

各部分赋分加权的总和为100分。考生得到的考试成绩是其各部分原始得分经过加权处理后的分数总和。如：某考生听力部分原始得分为20分，经加权处理后的分数应为24分（20÷25×30-2440=3230=16部分原船分为20分，经加权处理后的分数应为32分（20÷25×40=32分）；其写作部分原始得分为16分，经加权处理后的分数应为16分（16÷30×30=16分）。该考生未经过加权的原始总分为56分，各部分经加权后的总分应为72分。 6.关于合格成绩 PETS第三级笔试成绩是笔试各部分原始得分加权后的总和，满分100分，60分以上（含60分）为合格。 PETS第三级口试成绩是两名口试教师所给分数加权后的总和，满分5分，3分以上（含3分）为合格。笔试内容和结构 PETS第三级笔试的全部试题在一份试卷中，包括听力、阅读和写作三个部分。考试时间为120分钟。第一部分听力该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生理解英语口语的能力。 A节（10题）：考查考生理解简短对话的具体信息、主旨要义、进行推理和引申等能力。要求考生根据所听到的10段简短对话（总长约400词），从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项。每段录音材料只播放一遍。 B节（15题）：考查考生理解对话和独白的具体信息、主旨要义、进行推理和引申等能力。要求考生根据所听到的4段对话或独白（每段平均约200词，总长约800词），从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项。每段录音材料只播放一遍。问题不在录音中播放，仅在试卷上印出。每段录音材料播放前、后都有适当停顿，用作读题和答题时间。听力考试进行时，考生将答案标在试卷上；听力部分结束前，考

全国公共英语等级考试(PETS)三级教程与笔记精编版

Unit 1 Greeting and introuduction Dialogues /monologues: 1、You can tell they lived during the Depression. 这里的"tell"是断定的意思，咳……常常把它的意思与(告知、告诉)联系在一起，脑子便转不过弯来。此句意思应该是：你可以断定他们生活在那时的大萧条期。 2、He really knows how to bring a person out. "bring a person out."是“鼓励一个人的”的意思。整句话的意思是：他非常善于鼓励别人/使别人振作起来。 PS：to bring sb. out 意思为：to make someone feel more comfident, happy, and friendly /使某人更加自信、开朗 3、he looks like his fun to be with. 整句话的意思是：他看起来是个很有意思的人。或，和他在一起应该会很有意思。句子解析 4、since we're going to recruit some staff so that we can get our new school going in time。这里的since, 和so that 是基于...原因的意思.根据意思我将其译成: 届时...将...以便... 整句话的意思是：届时我们将聘请一些工作人员以便使我们的新学校及时开学. 5、Would you address character description for the commercial and industrial arts staff? arts staff 怎么翻译? ==>你能够给商业与工艺美术的职员讲讲特征描述吗? arts跟前面的commercial and indutrial连在一起看，而非与后面的staff: (the commercial and industrial arts) staff. 6、There are a number of other positions to consider. "A number of" 换成 "a lot of" 或者是”a great many”行不行，为什么? ==>可以换成a lot of或a great many of,因为position是可数名词。如果这里是不可数名词，则只能用 a number of代替而不能用a great many. 修饰可数/不可数都行：a number of/a lot of, 只能修饰可数：a great many of(与many性质一样) 7、Would you mind letting me take a look in your briefcase? 将"letting me"换成 "let me" 行不行，为什么?

公共英语三级考试模拟题及答案.doc

公共英语三级考试模拟题及答案（1）SectionⅠListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET 1. If you have any questions, you may raise your hand. Now as you will not be allowed to speak once the test is started. Now look at Part A in your test booklet. Part A You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer—A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. Example: You will hear: W: Could you please tell me if the Beijing flight will be arriving on time? M: Yes, Madam. It should be arriving about ten minutes. You will read: Who do you think the woman is talking to? ［A］a bus conductor ［B］a clerk at the airport ［C］a taxi driver ［D］a clerk at the station From the dialogue, we know that only a clerk at the airport is most likely to know the arrival time of a flight, so you should choose answer ［B］and mark it in your test booklet. Sample Answer: ［A］［B］［C］［D］ Now look at question 1 Part A 1. Where is the woman from? ［A］Sweden ［B］Italy ［C］Sylvia ［D］Wales 2. Which one does the woman want to buy?

公共英语课程教学大纲

公共英语课程教学大纲 Document serial number【KKGB-LBS98YT-BS8CB-BSUT-BST108】

公共英语课程教学大纲《新编实用英语》第一册(第二版)教学大纲一．课程的性质及在专业培养中的地位、作用等。大学公共英语课程是培养人才素质的必修基础课，是学生掌握相关专业知识，进行语言交际的工具。根据我校高职的特点：学生在校学习时间相对较短，且一定的时间用于教学实践和实习。从我校教学实际出发，因材施教，重视打好语言基础，强调提高语言应用能力。按学生不同层次，分别在教学目的，教学内容，教学过程，考核方式等方面提出不同要求。二．本课程的先行课和后续课程简介。本课程共上三个学期，共三册书（《新编实用英语综合教程》第１－３册）。主要以应用文体的听、说、读、写为主。所学应用文体为：在第一册书中学习如何写名片、贺卡、指路、列时刻表、预报天气、毕业证书和文凭的格式、张贴海报、告示、公告、谈论饮食与食谱、如何写说明书。三.课程的教学目的和要求高职高专公共英语课的教学目的是：经过84学时的教学，使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和技能，具有一定的听、说、读、写、译的能力，从而能借助词典阅读和翻译有关英语业务资料，，在涉外交际的日常活动和业务活动中进行简单的口头和书面交流，并为今后进一步提高英语的交际能力打下基础。鉴于目前我校高职、高专和成人高专学生入学时的英语水平差异较大，本课程的教学要求分为Ａ、ＢＣ三级，实行分级指导。Ａ级是标准要求，Ｂ级是过渡要求，Ｃ级是基础要求，入学水平高的学生应达到Ａ级，入学水平较低的学生至少应达到Ｂ级要求。各级要求如下： A 级１．词汇认识2500个英语单词（包括入学时掌握的1000个单词）以及这些词构成的常用词组。２．语法应掌握并正确运用所学的全部语法知识。３．听力能听懂涉及日常交际的英语对话和短文。４．口语能进行日常会话和简单的涉外活动对话。５．阅读能阅读中等难度的题材的英文资料，理解正确，阅读生词不超过总词数的３％的英文资料时，阅读速度不低于每分钟５０词，能读懂通过的简短实用文字材料，如信件，产品说明等。６．写作能用所学词汇和语法写短文及应用文，如邀请函，广告，简历，菜谱等。７．翻译能借助辞典将中等偏下难度的一般题材的文字材料译成汉语。理解正确，译文达意。Ｂ级 1. 词汇领会掌握2000个单词，以及一定量的常用词组并具有按照基本构词法识别生词的能力。２．语法掌握并应用基本的语法知识。３．听力能听懂日常交际的英语对话。４．写作能用所学词汇及语法写简短的应用文，如信函等。５．口语能进行日常会话。Ｃ级

公共英语三级考试经典语法详解的内容

公共英语三级考试经典语法详解的内容连词 I. 要点 1、连词的种类 (1) 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。 (2) 从属连词用来引导从句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句)，关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。 2、常用连词举例 (1)and 和，并且 They drank and sang all night. (2) both…and 和，既…也… Both my parents and I went there. (3) but 但是，而 Im sad, but he is happy. (4) either…or 或…或…，要么…要么… Either youre wrong, or I am. (5) for因为 I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him. (6) however 然而，可是 Af first, he didnt want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go. (7) neither…nor 既不…也不 Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you. (8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且… He not only sings well, but also dances well. (9) or 或者，否则 Hurry up, or youll be late. Are you a worker or a doctor? (10) so 因此，所以 Its getting late, so I must go. (11) although 虽然 Although it was late, they went on working. (12) as soon as 一…就 Ill tell him as soon as I see him. (13) because 因为 He didnt go to school, because he was ill. (14)unless 除非，如果不 I wont go unless it is fine tomorrow. (15)until 直到… He didnt leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until 结构) He stayed there until eleven. (16)while 当…时候，而(表示对比) While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词)

2019年下半年公共英语三级考试试卷真题及答案

2019年下半年公共英语三级试题一及答案 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed. Task 1 Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Google, the Internet search-engine(收索引擎的) company, has announced it will give more than twenty-five million dollars in money and investments to help the poor. The company says the effort involves using the power of information and technology to help people improve their lives. Aleem Walji works for https://www.360docs.net/doc/971432284.html, -- the part of the company that gives money to good causes. He said the company’s first project will help identify where infectious (传染性的) diseases are developing. In Southeast Asia and Africa, for example, https://www.360docs.net/doc/971432284.html, will work with partners to strengthen early-warning systems and take action against growing health threats. https://www.360docs.net/doc/971432284.html,’s second project will invest in ways to help small and medium-sized businesses grow. Walji says microfinance (小额信贷) is generally small, short-

公共英语三级考试模拟题及答案(2020年整理).doc

2020年全国公共英语等级考试PETS三级模拟试题.doc

2020 年全国公共英语等级考试PETS 三级模拟试题Text Most young people enjoy physical activities, walking, cycling, football, or mountaineering. These who have a passion 26 climbing high and difficult mountains are often 27 with astonishment. Why are men and women 28 to suffer cold and hardship, and to 29 on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities 30 which men give their leisure. There are no man-made rules, as there are for 31 as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which it would be dangerous to 32 , but it is this freedom from man-made rules 33 makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to their own 34 . If we 35 mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is 36 mountaineering is not a “team work ” . However, it is only our misunderstanding. There are, in fact, no ：matches” 37 “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may 38 , obviously, there is teamwork. A mountain climber knows that he may have to fight with natural 39 that ate stronger and more powerful than man. His sport requires high mental and 40 qualities.

公共英语三级考试习题及答案

公共英语三级考试习题及答案 1.-How about the book you are reading ? -Good , indeed . It ________many problems we have come across in our study. A. says B. talks C. covers D. refers 2. Id like to take my picture ________stands a high tower. A. where B. which C. that D. there 3. Id like to buy a house, modern and comfortable, and __________, in a quiet place. A. afar all B. above all C. in all D. for all 4. -Youve got a good result in your research, havent you? -Yes , but much ________ . A. remains to do B. is remains to do C. remains to be done D. has remained to do it 5. -I must be leaving now. Itll be 3 hours drive to get there. -__________. A. Good-bye B. Take care C. Take it easy D. What can I do for you 6. Nobody could have guessed , in those days , the place in history that Martin Luther King, Jr____. A. was having B. was to have C. had had D. had 7. The queen will visit the town in May , ________ she will open the new hospital. A. when B. then C. while D. but 8. Ill come , ________ I dont expect to enjoy myself. A. if B. since C. as D. though 9. You _________in such a hurry just now. Look, there is plenty of time left. A. dont have to do it B. neednt have done it C. wouldnt do it D. mustnt have done it 10. _____________is one of the five working language at U.N. , which _______ are very proud of. A. The Chinese, the Chinese B. Chinese language, Chinese C. Chinese, the Chinese D. Chinese language, the Chinese 11. -Whats your problem ? - I have lost sight of my mum and dad . I saw them ________ in front of me a moment ago. A. were walking B. to have walker C. walk D. walking 12. Children are tired of learning often because they are __________to do more than they can. A. expected B. suggested C. hoped D. wished 13. _________ concerts will be needed if we wanted to collect enough money to start a school. A. Some other ten B. Another ten C. Other ten D. Ten others 14. The door burst open and ________ , shouting with anger. A. in rushed the crowd B. rushed in the crowd C. the crowd tin rushed D. in the crowd rushed 15. We carved their names on the stone so that younger generations could know what their forefathers ____ for the nation. A. did B. were doing C. had don e D. have been doingKeys:

公共英语三级课文第一章

Unit 1 Personal Identification and people Monologue “If you would not be forgotten as soon as you are dead and rotten, either write things worth reading, or do things worth writing.” America has never forgotten Benjamin Franklin because he did both. He became famous for being a scientist, an inventor, a statesman, a printer, a philosopher, a musician, and an economist. Today, we honor Ben Franklin as one of our Founding Fathers and as one of America’s greatest citizens. He was born in 1706 in Boston,Massachusetts,His mother and father were of Puritan religion. They left England and moved to the English colony of Massachusetts to escape persecution for their religion.Franklin left school when he was ten and worked for his father for two years. Then he went to work on his brother’s newspaper. He became the editor of this paper when he was sixteen. He went to Philadelphia then and bought his own newspaper. He worked hard and by the age of 24 he was one of the most successful men there.In 1732 franklin published a book “Poor Richard’s Almanac”. Most almanacs contained information for farmers, such as information about the days and weeks of the year and about the weather. To his almanac, Franklin added wise sayings of observations about life; some of these sayings are still famous today. For example, “Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”And “Waste not, want not,” and “ A penny saved is a penny earned.” Passage Ambulance Girl When I became a volunteer EMT, my friends were puzzled. They knew me to be deeply terrified of sick and dying people. If there was an accident on the road, I tucked my head in my hands to avoid seeing blood or broken glass. My husband and I had been married 30 years. We loved to travel, read and write. But at age 52, I felt stuck in a midlife funk, cut off from others. Passing the local firehouse one day, I saw a sign: “V olunteers wanted: Fire/EMT.”The EMT part pointed to everything cowardly in me-my fear of death and disease. Maybe I could help others if I did this and could also save myself by facing what scared me most. As time goes by, I was able to work through my fears. Now I understand that the closest I have ever felt to God is in the back of an ambulance. When I rush out to help sick strangers, I am part of something larger than myself. Sometimes I truly connect with someone who I would never have met otherwise-as I did with Nellie. One midnight, the AIDS hospice needed help. A colleague and I were shown to a bedroom. Lying there was a thin black woman with wild hair. When I was given a printout of her medical history, I thought., this lady should be dead over ten times. She had AIDS, hepatitis and TB. She had brain surgery. Tonight she had a seizure. “Hello, I’m Clarissa, are you in pain?” I asked. She replied by cursing at me. I didn’t take offense. When I rode alone with her in the back of the ambulance as another EMT drove, I reread the printout. Nellie was 33 years old. No previous address. No family members. No next of kin. Her whole life as presented here was just a list of medicines, symptoms and illnesses. One line caught