英语语法知识及练习
人教版新目标八年级上册英语语法知识点精讲+练习
（一）一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。
be going to do（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain.
will do结构表示将来的用法：
1. 表示预见
Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest.
2. 表示意图
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本构成如下：
一般疑问句构成：
（1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
（2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t
否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do
Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑问句构成：
特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday?
根据例句，用will改写下列各句
例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow）
I’ll be better tomorrow.
1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight）
_____________________________
2. I’m tired now. （sleep later）
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon）
_____________________________
4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later）
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow）
_____________________________
答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.
2. I’ll sleep later.
3. They’ll buy one soon.
4. We’ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow.
（二）should的用法：
should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not.
例如：I think you should eat less junk food.
我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。
She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.
她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。
Students shouldn’t spend too much time playing computer games.
学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。
学习向别人提建议的几种句式：
（1）I think you should…
（2）Well, you could…
（3）Maybe you should …
（4）Why don’t you…?
（5）What about doing sth.?
（6）You’d better do sth.
用should或shouldn’t填空
1. I can’t sleep th e night before exams.
You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.
2. Good friends ______ argue each other.
3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some.
4. They didn’t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.
5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day.
答案：1. should 2. shouldn’t 3. should 4. should 5. should
（三）过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。
1. 构成was /were + doing，
例如：I was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night.
at 9 o’clock last night是时间点
They were playing football all afternoon.
all afternoon是时间段
2. 过去进行时的标志词
at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等。
例如：I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。
At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。）
练习
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. This time yesterday I ____ ______（read）books.
2. At 9 o’clock last Sunday they ______ ______（have）a party.
3. When I _____（come）into the classroom, she ________ ______（read）a storybook.
4. She _____ ______（play）computer games while her mother ____ ______（cook）yesterday afternoon.
5. I _____ ______（have）a shower when you _______（call）me yesterday.
答案：1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading 4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called
（四）间接引语
形成步骤：
（1）不要逗号，冒号，引号（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）
（3）要考虑时态的变化（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。
1. 直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律
2. 直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律
★★练一练★★
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. She said I _____（be）hard-working.
2. Peter told me he _____（be）bored yesterday.
3. She said she _____（go）swimming last Sunday.
4. Bobby said he _____（may）call me later.
5. Antonio told me he _____（read）a book then.
答案：1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading 请转述他人说的话：
1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom）
2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy）
3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike）
4. I’m having a surprise party for Lana. （she）
（五）if引导的条件状语从句
结构：if＋一般现在时，主语＋将来含义：如果……，将要……例如：If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请求他，他会帮助你。
If need be, we’ll work all night. 如果需要，我们就干个通宵。
★★练一练★★根据中文提示，完成句子。
1. 如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。
If you ________ the party, you __________.
2. 如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。
If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.
3. 如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。
If you often ________, you _________________.
答案：
1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time
2. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the picnic
3. If you often listen to English songs, you’ll like English
二. 完形填空特点及解题思路
（一）题型分类与特点
完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，从所给的短文整体出发，在正确理解短文意思的基础上，根据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空，但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构正确，所以在空格上所填的词必须符合语义适用和语法正确两条原则，只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基本题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题。
1. 完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格提供若干个选择项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思的基础上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所提供的备选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文内容完整正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当，字数在150－200个单词之内，多数设置10个左右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期提供一个语境，对每一空格设
置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类，给判定选择带来一定的干扰，侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。
2. 选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序，不按原文顺序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。
（A）
Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase （短语）“have
a day off”. He 2 , then he had an idea. “Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off,
3 ? ”he asked the teacher. “Of course, you can. ”replied （答复）the teacher at once. After
a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher’s door. “May I have a day off 5 ? ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didn’t you 6 it just now? ”“Yes, sir. But I can’t be here 7 , either. ”The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didn’t you say‘May I have two days off? ’”The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. “But you only 10 us‘have a day off! ’”
（）1. A. but B. and C. or D. for
（）2. A. thought hardly B. thought hard and hard C. hard thought D. thought and thought
（）3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr
（）4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock
（）5. A. also B. again C. too D. once
（）6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do
（）7. A. tomorrow B. the day after tomorrow C. yesterday D. the day before yesterday
（）8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing
（）9. A. with B. on C. in D. by
（）10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching
（B）
请根据内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处，使短文完整，有些词要根据需要作适当的词形变化。
A generation gap （代沟）has become a serious problem. I read a _______（1）about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _______（2）after quarrels （争吵）with parents. I think this is _______（3）they don’t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______（4）time in the office. _______（5）they don’t have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______（6）they don’t have the same topics（话题）to talk about. I want to _______（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _______（8）your parents. They are the people who _______（9）you. So tell them your thoughts （想法）. In this way, you can have a better _______（10）of each other.
实战操练（答题时间：80分钟）
一. 选择填空。
（）1. Beijing won the chances _________ the 2008 Olympics.
A. to host
B. host
C. hosting
D. hosted
（）2. Tiger Woods can make billions ______ dollars a year.
A. for
B. with
C. of
D. on
（）3. －You looked so beautiful at the party.
－_______.
A. No, I don’t think so
B. Of course
C. Thank you very much
D. No, I’m not beautiful
（）4. The text is very easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a few
B. a little
C. few
D. little
（）5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ________ “Who Moved My cheese”was an interesting book.
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. if
（）6. －In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think.
－I don’t agree. Speaking is _______ reading.
A. as important as
B. so important as
C. the more important
D. the most important
（）7. If he ________ harder, he’ll catch up with us.
A. work
B. works
C. worked
D. will work
（）8. The manager ________ that the business would be worse after the stock （股票）went down.
A. talked
B. told
C. said
D. spoke
（）9. We should keep _________ in the reading-room.
A. quiet
B. quietly
C. quite
D. quickly
（）10. －I think everything goes on well.
－_______.
A. So I do
B. I do so
C. So do I
D. So is I
（）11. If you want to watch TV, you may turn _______.
A. down
B. it on
C. on it
D. it off
（）12. I’m sorry I haven’t got any money. I’ve ________ my handbag at home.
A. missed
B. left
C. put
D. forgotten
（）13. He is listening to the music _______ she is washing clothes.
A. after
B. before
C. that
D. while
（）14. It takes ________ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train.
A. more
B. fewer
C. longer
D. less
（）15. －Excuse me. Have you got an eraser?
－Sorry, I haven’t. Why _______ you ask Mary? Perhaps she’s got one.
A. do
B. don’t
C. did
D. didn’t
二. 选择恰当的答语。
_____1. What were you doing when the UFO landed? A. Your teacher won’t let you in. _____2. Will people use paper money in the future? B. He said I couldn’t stay out late. _____3. I can’t sleep, what should I do? C. I was doing my homework.
_____4. If I wear jeans to school, what will happen? D. No, they won’t. Everyone , will have a credit card.
_____5. What did your father say? E. You should listen to some relaxing music.
三. 根据汉语提示填空：
1. 不知道该怎么办，你能给我点建议吗？
I don’t know __________ to do, can you give me some _______?
2. 外星人正在买纪念品的时候，我给警察打了个电话。
While the alien was _______ a souvenir, I ________ the police.
3. 我放学回家的路上，看见一只猫从窗户里跑了出来。
On my way home from school, I saw a cat get ________ _______ a window.
4. 我不想在电话里跟你谈论这件事情。
I don’t want to talk _________ it with you _________ the phone.
5. 我们要在周五晚上为约翰举办一个惊喜的晚会。
We are going to have a _______ party for John ________ Friday evening.
四. 完形填空：
把下面五个句子放在文章中的恰当位置，使文章完整。
Three men went up in a balloon（气球）. They started early in London. The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio. 1 Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope （绳子）, and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So 2 . It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.
After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and 3 . The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men’s basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. 4 , but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.
At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so 5 . They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometres from London!
五. 阅读理解
（A）
Einstein Was Waiting for His Friend
Once Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge. He was thinking a oblem. While he was waiting, it began to rain. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write something down, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining. His clothes had become wet. But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again.
Many scientists are not careful with their lives. This is because they are too careful with their studies.
1. What did Einstein do? He was ______.
A. a doctor
B. a teacher
C. a scientist
2. Why was Einstein on a bridge.
A. Because he was writing something on the bridge.
B. Because he was waiting for a friend.
C. Because he was thinking.
3. It rained _________.
A. sometimes
B. for some time
C. for a long time
4. Einstein ________ and began to write something on it.
A. bought a piece of paper.
B. took a piece of paper from his car.
C. took out a piece of paper from his pocket.
5. Which is true?
A. Einstein was careful with his work.
B. Einstein was careful with his clothes.
C. Einstein was careful with his friends.
（B）
生活中总会有许多意外事故发生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。请阅读下面材料，根据1－5小题所描述的救护方法，从A-G七幅图中找出与题意相应的图画（本题共有七幅图，你只能选五幅图，多选不给分。）
1. If the person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her breathing at once. The best thing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way. Lay the person on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth.
2. If the person is bleeding （流血）badly, you must try to stop the bleeding. Press on the bleeding point with a piece of clean cloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding.
3. If you are bitten （cut by teeth）by an animal, wash the cut under cold running water. Cover the broken part, if there is any, with a piece of clean cloth. Then see a doctor as soon as possible.
4. If you are burnt （hurt by fire or something very hot）, cool the burnt part at once. Run cool （not cold）water over the burn until it is less painful. Then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the burnt part.
5. If there is a fire, never use a lift in the building, because it’s very dangerous. The lift may get trapped between floors. Use the stairs and leave the building at once. 1. _____2. _____3. _____4. _____5. _____
Here are some pictures to choose.
六. 写作：
（从下列2封来信中选择一封写回信。）
Dear friend,
There will be a party this weekend. All my friends are invited to the party except me. I am angry. And I don’t know why they didn’t invite me! What do you think? Can you hel p me?
Upset
Dear friend,
I am a new student in Grade One, but my English is too bad. Yesterday I had an English test and my grade was just so so. I want to improve my English. What should I do? Could you give me some advice?
Looking for help Dear _______,
____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________
【试题答案】
（A）1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C
10. B
（B）1. report 2. themselves 3. because 4. much / more 5. So 6. that
7. tell
8. to 9. love 10. understanding
参考练习答案：
一. 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A
10. C
11. B 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. B
二. 1. C 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. B
三. 1. what, advice 2. buying, called
3. out, of
4. about, on
5. surprise, on
四. 1. C 2. B 3. E 4. D 5. A
五. （A）1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A
（B）1. C 2. B 3. F 4. G 5. E
完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是：
1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。
2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细
读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。
3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。
4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。
完形填空试题的一般解题思路是：
1. 跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文主题及大意。
2. 复读短文、确定语义、判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。
3. 三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。把所填的答案放入短文中进行检验，可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
（三）课文阅读指导
1. 初中阅读
阅读理解能力
（1）理解主旨要义
（2）理解文中具体信息
（3）根据上下文猜测生词的意义
（4）做出简单判断的推理
（5）理解文章的基本结构
（6）理解作者的意图和态度
2. 培养良好阅读习惯
（1）扩大视距
（2）克服声读
（3）克服逐字读
3. 猜测词文
（1）通过标题或主题句进行预测
（2）文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的总体意义和深层意义，因此通过文章标题或主题句进行预测，以便正确理解。
（3）通过语篇标记进行预测
（4）语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词。
（5）利用背景知识预测
（6）利用图片进行预测
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人教版七年级（上册）英语知识点 第一块国际音标 国际音标是一种工具，其作用是标记英语字母和单词的读音。 1、20个元音 单元音： ／i:／Ee、／з:／her ／u:／do ／I／it ／?／about ／u／book ／ɑ:／are ／／or ／?／any ／／us ／／off ／e／at 双元音： ／／Ii ／／out ／／ear ／／Aa，／／Oo ／／air ／／boy ／／sure 2、28辅音： 成对的清浊辅音： ／p／map ／t／it ／k／book ／f／off ／θ／math ／s／yes ／b／club ／d／dad ／g／big ／v／have ／e／this ／z／zoo ／／fish ／／watch ／tr／tree ／ts／its ／／usually ／／orange ／dr／dress ／dz／beds 其他辅音： ／m／am ／n／and ／／English ／l／like ／h／hello ／r／red ／w／what ／j／yes 3、国际音标拼读规则： 辅见元，碰一碰。／l／在前，发本音；音节后面卷下舌。 ／p／、／t／、／k／、／tr ／清辅音，／s／后读成浊辅音。 本块词汇: speak说讲start开始school学校 s trict严格的out外面club俱乐部usually通常 dress化妆about关于大约us我们her她的ear耳朵English英语sure当然可以air空气or或者any一些boy男孩orange橙子,桔子map地图tree树math数学 off离开watch观看手表do做 like喜欢 beds床what什么hello喂是的red红色的yes是的 book书its它的 zoo动物园fish鱼dad爸爸big大的have有this这it它 Starter unit1-3 一、文化常识 1、英语文化区域，熟人之间见面，常要互相问好。早上用语Good morning ! 下午用语Good afternoon ! 晚上用语Good evening ! 例如：
英语语法入门基础知识
语法基础知识 目录 一、字母与语音 (1) 二、词法 (3) 三、句法 (12) 四、时态 (16)
语法基础知识 一、字母与语音 主要字母组合的发音 字母组合发音例词ar[a:]car,bar,far,star al[?:]small ay[ei]play ea[i：]tea,beat,read,eat [ei]break,great [e]bread ee[i：]bee,see,Lee,jeep ei[ei]eight oo[u]cook,foot,look,classroom [u：]boot,food,gooes,room oa[?u]coat,boat,goat oi[?i]oil ir[?:]bird oor[?:]door oy[?i]boy ow[au]how [ ?u]Know ou[au]house or[?:]work,world,worse [?]doctor,visitor,tractor
[?:]morning er[?]sister,brother,mother,father [?:]her,term ir[?:]bird,shirt,third,girl eer[i?]beer,deer,cheer ur[?:]turn eir[e?]their ere[ε?]there,where ear[i?]hear,fear [ε?]pear,bear,wear air[ε?]chair,hair th[θ] three,thirty,thin,thousand [e]this,those,these,they ck[k]chick,click,cock,clock sh[?]Shoe,shame,she,shake ch[t?]teach,chick,China,choose [k]Chemistry,Christmas,school ng[?]sing ph[f]elephant 几个发音特殊的辅音字母 A.字母c在a,l,o,r,u等前读[k],如come[k ?m],coat[k ?ut] 等. 字母c在e,I,y前读[s],如pencil[pensl]等 B.字母g一般读[g],如go[g?u],leg[leg]等， 字母g和e(即ge)在词尾读[d?],如orange[?rind?]等 C.双写辅音字母虽然是两个相同的辅音字母写在一起，但只读一个音,如
高中英语语法知识习题汇总
名词 1.accident，incident，affair，business，event的辨析。 (1)accident“意外事件，偶发事件”，一般指(不幸的)事故，如车祸、天灾之类。 (2)incident多指较小的事件、小插曲或人生中所碰到的虽小但留下较深印象的平凡事情，也可以指外交、政治方面的重大事件。 (3)affair“事物，要事”，头绪繁多的事；恋爱事件。(4)business“事情”，主要用于一些习语中，常带有厌恶感。 (5)event大事，发生的事情，尤指重要事情；也可指(体育运动的)比赛项目。 Lucy was badly hurt in a traffic accident last week.(浙江高考) 上个星期Lucy在车祸中严重受伤。 We will never forget the July 7th Incident of 1937. 我们永远不会忘记1937年的七七事变。 For them，playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. 对他们来说，好好表现并获取胜利往往是生死攸关的大事。 It's none of your business. 这不关你的事。 She can't remember events from a long time ago. 她记不起很久以前的事情。 2．quantity，quality，character，personality的辨析。 (1)quantity表示“数量”。 (2)quality既可以表示事物的“品质”，还可以表示人的“品德，素质”。 (3)character泛指性格，无所谓好坏，还可以表示“角色，文字，字母”。 (4)personality意为“个性”。 It's often less expensive to buy goods in quantity，but you'd better exam the quality before buying them. 大量购物便宜，但是在购买之前你最好检测质量。 Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.It may also be good for character.(2009·湖北高考) 独自徒步旅行可能会很有趣并且有益于健康。或许对意志的磨炼也有好处。 3．condition，situation，state，position的辨析。 (1)condition意为“条件，情况，状况”，其单数形式指人 或物所处的状况，这时与state意义相近，常可互换，但condition还常指由于一定原因或条件造成的状态，如人 的健康状况、物的完好程度、设备的可用性等。复数形 式多指一般、笼统的情况。 (2)situation指某一时间由各种情况造成的“处境，形势”。 (3)state指人或事物所处的状态或状况，常和condition换用，此外，state还常表示思想、感情、心理等状态。(4)position指人或事物所处的位置、地位。 From their position on the top of the TV Tower，visitors can have a better view of the city.(2009·陕西高考) 从他们在电视塔顶的位置，游客们可以更好地看到这个城市。 School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations.学生们必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。 I've had no exercise for ages，and I'm really out of condition.我好久不运动，身体欠佳。 They were silent for a long time，in a state of painful hesitation and doubt. 他们处于一种痛苦的踌躇与疑虑状态中，长时间相对无言。 4．power，strength，force，energy的辨析。 (1)power主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来的力量，还可以指职权或政权。
初三英语语法知识点
1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与Which...? 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：
基础英语语法大全_附练习题
Contents 第一章名词 1.名词的数 2.名词的格 第二章代词 1.人称代词 2.物主代词 第三章冠词与数词 1.冠词 2.数词 第四章一般现在时态第五章现在进行时态第六章句型 1．陈述句 2．疑问句
3．祈使句 4．There be 句型与have\ has 第七章总结考试 第一章名词（Noun） 名词的概念 在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。 一、名词的数 名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式，如a piece of bread (一片面包)，变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数，如：two pieces of bread(两片面包)。 *名词复数的构成法则 1. 一般情况下在词尾加 s. 词尾读音 shop --- shops (商店) 在清辅音后读[ s ] bag --- bags (书包) 在浊辅音后读[ z ] window --- windows (窗户) 在元音后读[ z ] 2. 以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es。 class --- classes (班级) 词尾读音[ iz ]
box --- boxes (盒子) match --- matches (比赛) brush --- brushes (刷子) 3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i 加es. story --- stories (故事) 词尾读音[ iz ] 4. 以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，在词尾直接加s key --- keys 词尾读音[ z ] monkey --- monkeys 5.以“o”结尾的名词，复数一般在词尾加“s”, 但个别加“es” tomato --- tomatoes (西红柿) 词尾读音[ z ] potato --- potatoes (土豆) zoo --- zoos (动物园) photo --- photos (照片) *（以“o”结尾，复数加“es”）口诀： 黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato)， 头顶一个大芒果（mango）。 6. 以f或fe 结尾的词，多数变f或fe 为ves. leaf --- leaves (树叶) 词尾读音[ vz ] knife --- knives ( 小刀)