考博英语(阅读理解)-试卷78.doc
考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷78
(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)
In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence. Without the vast advances made by chemists, physicists, biologists, geologists and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer from diseases that could not be cured. As a society we ignorantly take advantage of the amenities provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminably without them. Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the vaccines created by doctors, diseases such as polio, measles, hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens, for although some of these diseases may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease. In addition, science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine our world could exist, but the conveniences brought into life by the computer are unparalleled. Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations, it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards. For instance, the light bulb, electricity, the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of our society, however, they were not present until scientists discovered them. Because of the contribution of scientists, our world is ever metamorphosing, and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprises our society, whether our society is cognizant of this or not.（分数：10.00）
(1).In the first paragraph the author implies that we______.（分数：2.00）
A.would not survive without science
B.take the amenities of science for granted
C.could have raised the standards of living with science
D.would be free of disease because of scientific with advances
(2).The author uses health care and vaccines to illustrate______.（分数：2.00）
A.how science has been developed
B.what science means to society
C.what the nature of science is
D.how disease affects society
(3).Nothing, according to the author, can match the invention of the computer in terms of______.（分数：2.00）
A.power
B.novelty
C.benefits
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a75861846.html,plexity
(4).The author seems to be unhappy about______.（分数：2.00）
A.people's ignorance of their culture
B.people's ignoring the amenities of science
C.people's making no contributions to society
D.people's misunderstanding of scientific advance
(5).The author's tone in the passage is______.（分数：2.00）
A.critical
B.cognizant
C.appreciative
D.paradoxical
Drinking wastewater? The idea may sound distasteful, but new federally funded research says more Americans are doing so —whether they know or not —and this reuse will be increasingly necessary as the U. S. population expands. Treated wastewater poses no greater health risks than existing water supplies and, in some cases, may be even safer to drink, according to a report released by the National Research Council, " We believe water reuse is an option to deal with growing water scarcity, especially in coastal areas," says Jorg Drowes, an engineering professor at the Colorado School of Mines. "This can be done reliably without putting the public at risk," he says, citing technological advances. He says it's a waste not to reuse the nation's wastewater, because almost all of it is treated before discharge. This water includes storm runoff(径流)as well as used water from homes, businesses and factories. In many places, the report says, the public does not realize it's drinking water that was treated after being discharged as wastewater somewhere upstream. For example, wastewater discharged into the Trinity River from Dallas/Fort Worth flows south into Lake Livingston, the source for Houston's drinking water. Despite the growing importance of this reuse, the report says there's been no systemic analysis of its extent nationwide since a 1980 study by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA). Alan Roberson of the American Water Works Association says wastewater reuse is common, so the council's report is important but not surprising. Roberson expects this recycling will continue to increase, especially for irrigation and industrial needs. He says it will take longer to establish potable(适于饮用的)uses because of public nervousness about drinking wastewater, however treated. "We have to do something to address water scarcity," says Olga Naidenko, a senior scientist at the non-profit Environmental Working Group. " Less than 10% of potable water is used for drinking, cooking, showering or dishwashing. We flush it down the toilet, literally. " Technologies exist to safely treat the water, she says, although some are expensive. The report says water reuse projects tend to cost more than most water conservation options but less than seawater desalination(脱盐)and other supply alternatives. It calls on the EPA to develop rules that set safe national standards.（分数：10.00）
(1).Which of the following statements would Jorg Drewes agree to?（分数：2.00）
A.Water reuse may eventually put the public at risk.
B.Water reuse is preferable to wasting water.
C.Water reuse is far from a solution to water shortage.
D.Water reuse is possible only after greater tech advances.
(2).Lake Livingston is mentioned to show that the public______.（分数：2.00）
A.Accepts the fact of drinking wastewater calmly
B.Is concerned about the safety of the drinking water
C.Does not believe that wastewater is safe to drink
D.Is not aware of the nature of their drinking water
(3).According to Alan Roberson, ______.（分数：2.00）
A.It is not safe to drink wastewater
B.The report has surprised the public
C.the report helps build up public confidence
D.The public has yet to accept drinking wastewater
(4).Olga Naidenko's remarks emphasize______.（分数：2.00）
A.The recent progress
B.The existing problems
C.The new perspective
D.The potential risks
(5).What does the report suggest to the EPA?（分数：2.00）
A.Weighing different water conservation options.
B.Exploring new technologies to treat wastewater.
C.Setting up national standards for water reuse.
D.Monitoring water supplies at a national level.
Rain is not what it used to be. A new study reveals that much of the precipitation in Europe contains such high levels of dissolved pesticides that it could be illegal to supply it as drinking water. Studies in Switzerland have found that rain is laced with toxic levels of atrazine, alachlor and other commonly used crop sprays. "Drinking water standards are regularly exceeded in rain," says Stephan Muller, a chemist at the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf. The chemicals appear to have evaporated from fields and become part of the clouds. Both the European Union and Switzerland have set a limit of 100 nanograms for any particular pesticide in a liter of drinking water. But, especially in the first minutes of a heavy storm, rain can contain much more than that. In a study to be published by Muller and his colleague Thomas Bucheli in Analytical Chemistry this summer, one sample of rainwater contained almost 4000 nanograms per liter of 2, 4-dinitrophenol, a widely used pesticide. Previously, the authors had shown that in rain samples taken from 41 storms, nine contained more than 100 nanograms of atrazine per liter, one of them around 900 nanograms. In the latest study, the highest concentrations of pesticides turned up in the first rain after a long dry spell, particularly when local fields had recently been sprayed. Until now, scientists had assumed that the pesticides only infiltrated groundwater directly from fields. Muller warns that the growing practice of using rainwater that falls onto roofs to recharge under — ground water may be adding to the danger. This water often contains dissolved herbicides that had been added to roofing materials, such as bitumen sheets, to prevent vegetation growing. He suggests that the first flush of rain should be diverted into sewers to minimize the pollution of drinking water, which is not usually treated to remove these herbicides and pesticides.（分数：10.00）
(1).According to the Swedish scientists, the pesticides in rain______.（分数：2.00）
A.exceed those in crop sprays
B.can be traced back to crop sprays
C.are not as toxic as they used to be
D.are nothing but atrazine and alachlor
(2).Muller and Bucheli found that 2, 4-dinitrophenol______.（分数：2.00）
A.is widely used in agriculture
B.exceeded atrazine in the rain samples
C.can be measured in the units of nanograms
D.was far in excess of limit in drinking water
(3).Scientists used to hypothesize that______.（分数：2.00）
A.groundwater was safe for drinking water
B.herbicides and pesticides were harmless
C.pesticides contaminated groundwater exclusively
D.rain would minimize the pollution of drinking water
(4).Muller warns us not ____ .（分数：2.00）
A.to tap groundwater for drinking water
B.to use such roofing materials as bitumen sheets
C.to let the first flush of rain recharge underground water
D.to divert the first flush of rain into sewers without removing its herbicides and pesticides
(5).Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）
A.Drinking Water
B.Rainwater and Underground Water
C.Agriculture and Pesticides
D.Falling Pesticides
Although speech and writing are the special means of communicating of humans, the interchange also takes place in many other ways. A person may relay his or her feelings, thoughts, and reactions through body positioning, body contact, body odors, eye contact, responsive actions, habits, attitudes, interests, state of health, dress and grooming, choice of life-style, and use of talents — in fact, through everything the individual says or does. In turn, every person is constantly receiving multitudes of external and internal messages through his or her five senses and personal biorhythm system. An individual screens, selects, regulates, and controls specific aspects of this information through a process of mental choices. Some of these choices are automatic; some are subconscious because of habit, block, or lack of development; and some are made by a conscious process. The degree to which a person is able to communicate depends upon the extent of his or her conscious awareness, priority of need, and control of this process. The person with a behavior disorder is shut off from the communicative flow that normally exists among humans. His or her mind is confused, and he or she may feel unable to express personal thoughts, needs, and emotions, and unable to make himself or herself understood. Sometimes the person may feel that he or she is communicating clearly but that others cannot or will not understand. Because the person is thus isolated in internal problems, he or she is interested only in these problems and cannot focus attention on the messages of others. The person often projects fears and fantasies onto others, so that no matter what the real content is of the messages that others relay, the messages received are threatening ones. The causes of such communicative shutoffs are blocks in the neural pathways of the person's processing of information. Sometimes a block is physical, as in deafness, mental retardation, brain tumor, or hardening of the cerebral arteries. However, the most common causes of blocks are injuries to a person's emotional system. Emotional blocks occur to some degree in all human beings. They usually occur in childhood before good communicative skills are learned, and they are connected to individual symbolism. Unless such a block is removed shortly after happening, it can have profound and complicating effects that will distort emotional and mental growth and arrest the development potential of the individual. Even though a child with blocks will appear to grow and to seem mature in some ways, he or she will show the evidence of emotional blocking in efforts to communicate.（分数：10.00）
(1).The concluding phrase of the first paragraph implies that human communication______.（分数：2.00）
A.is characterized by two features, form and meaning
B.is mainly conducted through speech and writing
C.is of two functions, stimulation and response
D.takes two forms, verbal and nonverbal
(2).In the second paragraph the author is mainly concerned with______.（分数：2.00）
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a75861846.html,municative ability
B.external and internal messages
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a75861846.html,rmation and mental processing
D.conscious and subconscious awareness
(3).Shut off from the communicative flow, the person with a behavior disorder______.（分数：
2.00）
A.is unable to focus attention on internal problems
B.is isolated in internal problems
C.relays threatening messages
D.all of the above
(4).Which of the following is universal according to the passage?（分数：2.00）
A.Neural blocks.
B.Physical blocks.
C.Cerebral blocks.
D.Emotional blocks.
(5).The passage ends with______.（分数：2.00）
A.the contributing factors to emotional and mental disorder
B.the importance of acquiring good communicative skills
C.the significance of eliminating early emotional blocks
D.the warning of emotional blocks common in childhood
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考博英语历年真题 北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.360docs.net/doc/a75861846.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze
考博英语(阅读理解)-试卷80.doc
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中央财经大学考博英语阅读理解真题解析
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(完整版)复旦大学2015年考博英语试题回忆版整理
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
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