中考英语动词用法总结

中考英语动词用法总结
中考英语动词用法总结

中考英语动词用法总结

1) 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。

2) 根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词 ( Notional Verb) 、系动词( Link Verb) 、助动词 ( Auxiliary Verb ) 、情态动词( Modal Verb ) 。说明:有

些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如:We are having a meeting. He has gone to New York. (has 是助动词。 ) *..**..**.. **..**..*

3) 动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),

缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi. 。--*--*--*--*--

说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如:She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。 (sing 在此用作不及物动词。 ) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。 ( sing 用作及物动词。 ) *..**..**..**..**..

4) 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词( Finite Verb) 、非限定动词( Non-finite Verb)--*--*--*--*--* 例如:She sings very well. 她唱得很好。 ( sing 受主语she 的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings 。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。 ( to learn 不受主语she 的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。--*--*--*--*--

说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive

) 、动名词 (Gerund) 、分词( Participle ) 。

5) 动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(Orig in al Form )、

第三人称单数形式我们正在开会。 ( having 是实义动词。 ) 他已去

纽约。 (Singular From in Third Personal ) 过去式、

( Past Form) 过去分词、( Past Participle ) 、现在分词

( Present Participle ) 。--*--*--*--*- -*

5.1 系动词? 系动词亦称联系动词( Link Verb) ,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语 (亦称补语) ,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。--*--*--*--*--

说明:有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天

病了。 ( fell 是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。 ) He

fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell 是实义动词,

单独作谓语。--*--*--*-- *--*

1) 状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be 一词,例如:He is

a teacher.

2) 持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,

主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He

always kept silent at meeting. This matter rests a mystery. --*--*--*--*--

3 )表像系动词用来表示" 看起来像" 这一概念,主要有seem,

appear, look, 例如:He looks tired. *..**..**..**..**..*

4 )感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. --*--*--*--*--*

5 )变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如:He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。她没多长时间就富了。She grew rich within a short time. 这种布手感很软。这朵花闻起来很香。他看起来很累。他看起来很伤心。He seems (to be) very sad. 他开会时总保持沉默。

此事仍是一个谜。他是一名教师。(is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)--*--*--*--*--

6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。他的计划终于成功了。(turn out The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success. 表终止性结果)*..**..* *..**..**..*

5.2 什么是助动词

1) 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词

( Auxiliary Verb ) 。被协助的动词称作主要动词助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。( doesn't 是助动词,无词义;like 是主要动词,有词义) *..**..**..**..**..*

2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:

a. 表示时态,例如:He is singing.

b. 表示语态,例如:He was sent to England.

c. 构成疑问句,例如:Do you like college life? 过英

语吗? d. 构成否定句,例如:I don't like him. e. 加强语气,例如:Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。*..**..* *..**..**..*

3 ) 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should,

would --*--*--*--*--

5.3 助动词be 的用法

1) be +现在分词,构成进行时态,例如:They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。我不喜欢他。你喜欢大学生活吗?你来这儿之前学Did you study English before you came here? 他被派往英国。他在唱歌。他已结婚。He has got married.

--*--*--*--*--*

2) be + 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如:

The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。English is

taught throughout the world. *..**..**..**..**..*

3) be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容:

a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排,例如:He is to go to NewYork next week.. Weare to teach the freshpersons. *..**..**..**..**..*

b. 表示命令,例如:You are to explain this.

c. 征求意见,例如:How amI to answer him? Whois to go there?

*..**..**..**..**..*

d. 表示相约、商定,例如:We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7 点在校门口集合。*..**..* *..**..**..* 5.4 助动词have 的用法?

1) have +过去分词,构成完成时态,例如:He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止,他们已

经完成工作的一半。--*--*--*-- *--*

2) have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时,例如:I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语,

已达十年之久。--*--*--*-- *--*

3) have +been + 过去分词,构成完成式被动语态,例如:English has been taught in China for many years. 中

国教英语已经多年。--*--*--*-- *--*

5.5 助动词do 的用法

1) 构成一般疑问句,例如:Do you want to pass the CET? Did you study German? *..**..**..**..**..*

2) do + not 构成否定句,例如:I do not want to be

criticized. 我不想挨批评。你想通过大学英语测试吗?你们学过德语吗?我该怎样答复他?谁该去那儿呢?对此你要做出解释。要他今天下午来办公室。He is to come to the office this afternoon.

他下周要去纽约。我们

要教新生。世界各地都教英语。说明:这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。In the past, many students did not know

the importance of English. 过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。*..**..**.. **..**..*

3) 构成否定祈使句,例如:Don't go there. 不要去那里。不要这么心不在焉。Don't be so absent-minded. 说明:构成否定祈使句只用do ,不用did 和does 。--*--*--*--*--*

4 ) 放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气,例如:Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。I did

go there. I do miss you. 我确实去那儿了。我确实想你。我从未听说过这样的事情。*..**..* *..**..**..*

5 )用于倒装句,例如:Never did I hear of such a thing. English. 只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。说明:引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well

等。*..**..* *..**..**..*

6 )用作代动词,例如:---- Do you like Beijing? --

你喜欢北京吗?---- Yes, I do. -- 是的,喜欢。(do 用

作代动词,代替like Beijing. )He knows how to drive

a car, doesn't he? 他知道如何开车,对吧?*..**..* *..**..**..*

5.6 助动词shall 和will 的用法

shall 和will 作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时,例如:I shall study harder at English. Hewill go to Shanghai. 说明:在过去的语法中,语法学家说shall 用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在,尤其是在口语中,will 常用于第一人称,但shall 只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词,试比较: He shall come. He will come. 他必须来。(shall 有命令的意味。)他要来。(will 只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)我将更加努力地学习英语。他要去上海。Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of *..**..**..**..**..*

5.7 助动词should,would 的用法

1) should 无词义,只是shall 的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称,例如:I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我

昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么。比较:"What shall I do next week?" I asked. " 我下周干什么?" 我问道。可以说, ( shall 变成间接引语时,变成了should 。)*..**..**..**..* *..* 2 ) would 也无词义,是will

的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称,例如:He said he would come. 比较:"I will go," he said.

他说:" 我要去那儿。" 变成间接引语,就成了:He said he would come. 原来的will 变成would ,go 变成了come. 。--*--*--*--*--

5.8 短语动词? 动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词

( Phrasal Verb ) 。例如:Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。(turn off 是短语动词) --*--*-- *--*--

短语动词的构成基本有下列几种:

1) 动词+副词,如:black out ;

2) 动词+介词,如:look into ;

3 ) 动词+副词+介词,如:look forward to 。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词( Particle ) 。*..**..**..**..**..*

5.9 非谓语动词? 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式: 不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。*..**..**..**..**..*

1)不定式时态语态一般式完成式

2)动名词时态语态一般式完成式他说他要来。主动被动to do to be done to have done to have been done 主动被动doing being done having done having been done *..**..**.. **..**..* 3)分词时态语态一般式完成式主动被动doing being done having done having been done 否定形式:not +不定式,not + 动名

词,not + 现在分词*..**..**..**..**..*

一、有些动词只能接不定式做宾语。例如:help ,hope,ask ,refuse ,decide ,promise ,wish ,pretend ,expect ,learn ,plan ,manage,agree ,fail ,offer ,happen,seem 等等。例如:He refused to speak on the radio. --*--*--*--*--

二、有些动词或短语只接动名词做宾语:mind ,finish ,enjoy ,suggest ,consider ,miss ,keep(on),avoid ,stand(忍受),allow ,practice give up,put off ,look forward to ,

feel like , prevent …from , can't help , be/get used to , be worth doing ,be busy doing 例如:His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking. I'm looking forward to

hearing from you soon. She

doesn't feel like eating anything ,being ill for a few days.

三、有些动词后面既可接不定式,又可接动名词,其意义基

本相同,区别不大。如;like ,love ,hate ,prefer . begin ,start. 注意: begin 和start 本身为进行时,或后面动词为心

理变化意义的动词时,须接不定式。例如: When we came in,

they were beginning to have supper. After his explanation,

I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong. *..**..**..**..**..*

四、有些词后面既可以接不定式.亦可接动名词,但其意义有很大区别,须特别注意: A .remember,forget ,接动名词,表示完成

意义(=having done) ,接不定式,表示将来意义:例如:Please remember to bring me the book I want next time. I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.

B. mean meanto do=want to do 打算,想要...... ; meandoing :

意味着,就是例如:I am sorry, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings ,Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just working in class. C . stop : stop to do 停下来,要干另一件事,不定式作目的状语;stop doing 停止干....................................... ,动名词作宾语。例如: After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest. After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.

D try try to do 努力试图干........ 事try doing 试着干....... 事

例如He searched . : ,,;: 。 : everywhere and tried

to find his key. He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job. E .want,need,require 接动名词

表示被动意义,表示"需要、该 .... ";接不定式,表示"想,

要干... "。例如:The room wants cleaning. The matter needs thinking over.(=to be thought over) F .go on:go on to do

继续干和原来不同的另一件事,不定式作目的状语。go on doing 继续干原来同一件事,动名词作宾语。例如:After a smoke ,he went on telling us that interesting story. After writing his English composition he

went on to work out his maths problems. G.动词advise , allow , permit , forbid 后面接单宾语时用动名词,接复合宾语时用动词不定式。例如:Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health. The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health. She doesn't allow (permit) smoking in her room.=She doesn't allow (permit)anyone to smoke in her room. --*--*--*--*--*

英语动词用法总结(完整)

英语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择动词 1.The doctor said jokingly that his own infection of the virus _____ the discovery of a vaccine (疫苗)of the disease. A.stood for B.called for C.paid for D.contributed to 【答案】D 【解析】 短语辨析。A.代表 B. 呼吁 C. 为……付出代价 D.导致。句意:医生开玩笑的说,他自己被病毒的感染导致发现了这种病毒的疫苗。故选D。 2.100.----I have been watching “I am a singer” and Gloria Tang (邓紫棋) is my favorite star. ----- Me, too. Her new album is said to be ______ next month. By then, we , fans, will buy some. A.relieved B.delivered C.produced D.released 【答案】D 【解析】D考查动词。句意:--我一直在看“我是一个歌手”而且邓紫棋是我最喜欢的明星。--我也是。她的新专辑将于下月发行。到那时,我们的粉丝们会买一些。A减轻,解除;B 递送;C产生,制造;D发行,发布。故选D。 3.Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to ________ our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago. A.sponsor B.launch C.organize D.plan 【答案】A 【解析】 考查动词辨析。难度中等。 【解题思路】该句意为:两位律师捐赠了5,0000美元赞助我校“帮助贫困生”活动…… A项意为“赞助”,符合句意;B项意为“发射,开办”,C项意为“组织”,D项意为“计划”,都与句意不同。故A项正确。 4.It is beyond awkward when everyone around you ______________ laughing at a joke that you do not find funny, especially if it’s a joke told in a foreign language. A.run into B.bursts out C.yells out D.falls into 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查动词短语的词义辨析。A.run into快速进入,碰撞;B. bursts out 爆发;C. yells out 大声说出来;D. falls into落入,分成。句意:当你身边的人因一个你不觉得有趣的笑话尤其是用外语来说的笑话而突然爆笑时,你是非常尴尬的。故选B。 考点:考查动词短语的词义辨析

中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结

中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结 (88条) ◆1 。 cost / take / spend / pay 花费 花费时间做某事: It takes sb some time to do sth 。= sb spend some time doing sth 。= sb spend some time on sth 。 某人花钱买某物: sb spend some money on sth 。 = sb pay some money for sth 。 = sth cost sb 。 some money 。 ※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人, cost 主语是物。 ※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ? The sweater ________ me 90 yuan 。 = I _______ 90 yuan for the sweater 。=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater 。 He spent lots of money ________ the mobile phone 。 It ________ her 20 minutes to go home every day 。= He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day 。 ◆2 。 thanks for为…而感谢 ⑴ ______ inviting me to your birthday party 。 thanks to 多亏/于 第 1 页共 1 页 ⑵______ your help 。I got good grades 。

初中英语重点单词的用法

重点单词的用法 1.help v. / n. ---- adj.helpful 1)v. Help sb. (to) do sth. = help sb. with sth. 2)Thanks for your _________. Thanks for _________ me. Can you help me ______ my English? Here is a dictionary. It’s ________ for you to learn English. 2.want v. = would like 1)want to do sth. 2) Want sb. To do sth. 3) Want sth. 3.like v. / n. / prep.----- dislike 1)v. like sb. / sth. like to do sth. = like doing sth. 2)n. Likes and dislikes 3)prep. be like sound like, look like What’s the weather like? What do you look like? 4.enjoy v. enjoy doing sth. finish doing sth. have fun = have a good time doing sth. practice doing sth. spend time / money doing sth. 5.watch / hear / see / find / feel sb. doing sth. watch monkeys climbing around see a snake sleeping near the fire feel things moving 6.go camping / shopping / skating / swimming / boating / go to the movie = go to the cinema go to the countryside go the museum go to the supermarket go to the beach go to school go to work go to bed go to sleep go home 7.put on put up cut up cut down wake up pick up blow out 属于动词和副词构成的短语,要求宾语是_________词时,必须放在动词和副词之间,如果是名词,则位置可__________, 可__________. 1) Here are two apples. Please _______. A. cut it up B. cut them up C. cut up them 2) Every morning, my mother _____. A. wakes me up B. wakes up me C. woke me up 8.show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. Teach sb. Sth. = teach sth. To sb. buy sb. sth. = buy sth. For sb. make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 9.make 1) V. 制作,做make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. make dinner be made of 2)v. 使,让make sb. do sth. make sb. + adj. keep sb. / sth. +adj 3) make friends with sb. Make soup make the bed make a wish

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