英语词汇学 复习提纲
英语词汇学2010----2011学年第二学期期末考试复习提纲
Section I Fill in the Blanks with Suitable Words ( 10题，10% )
1. A. compensation B. substitution C. commission D. installment
2. A. launched B. commenced C. inaugurated D. initiated
3. A. inherit B. advertise C. activate D. advocate
4. A. affirmed B. conceived C. embodied D. diagnosed
5. A. chattering B. catering C. optimizing D. contradicting
6. A. perspective B. view C. spectacle D. scene
7. A. abstract B. availability C. implementation D. subscription
8. A. approximate B. cautious C. moderate D. casual
9. A. tentative B. feeble C. trivial D. fatal
10. A. magnet B .motion C. motive D. intellect
11. A. vigor B. verge C. void D. vein
12. A. declined B. lessened C. slipped D. descended
13. A. modifying B. duplicating C. simulating D. accelerating
14. A. resigned B .disposed C. deposed D. sacked
15. A. purifies B. condenses C. contracts D. generates
16. A. nominated B. notified C. noticed D. noted
17. A. patch B. pinch C. punch D. pitch
18. A. benevolent B. monstrous C. significant D. trivial
19. A. compatible B. compact C. conventional D. concise
20. A. littered B. scattered C. covered D. sprayed
Section II Give out the Latin Adjectives ( 20题，10% )
Section III Translation : from Chinese to English ( 20题，10% ) Section IV Translation: from English to Chinese ( 20题，20% )
1.The proper function of man is to live, but not to exist. ----Jack London
人应该生活，而非单纯生存。
2.Conquer fear of death and you are put into possession of your life. ----G. Meredith战胜对死
亡的恐惧才能真正享受生命
3.He that is once born, once must die. ----Herbert有生必有死
4.The more alternatives, the more difficult the choice. ----Abbe D'Allaiva选择越多越难抉择。
5.People with tact have less to retract. ----Arnold Glasgow智者悔少
6.To do injustice is more disgraceful than to suffer it. ----Plato制造不公比承受不公更可耻。
7.Only God is in a position to look down on anyone. ----Sarah Brown 只有上帝才处于可以俯
视所有人的位置
8.Blessed is he who expects nothing, for he shall never be disappointed. ----Alexander Pope那
些从不苛求什么的人会受到祝福/保佑，因为他们永远不会失望。
9.You have freedom when you are easy in your harness. ----Robert Frost在约束中能感到自
如，那你就是自由的了
10.Naked came I into this world, and naked must I go out. ----Cervantes我赤裸裸地来到这个世
界，也要赤裸裸地离去。
11. Carve your name on hearts and not on marbles. ----Joseph Addison把你的名字刻在人们的心里，而不是大理石上。
12. I can resist everything except temptation. ----Oscar Wilde我什么都能抵制，只有诱惑除外
13. Every man desires to live long , but no man would be old. -----Jonathan Swift人人都希望长寿，但没人愿意变老。
14. Adapt or perish, now as ever, is nature's inexorable imperative. ----H.G. Wells适者生，不适者灭，这是自然界一如既往、永不变更的规律。
15. Three who come unbidden: love, jealousy, fear. ----Carl Sandburg三种东西不招自来：爱情、嫉妒和恐惧
16.The greatest of faults is to be conscious of none. -----Thomas Carlyle最严重的错误莫过于不觉得自己有任何错误。
17. Optimism is a good characteristic, but if carried to an excess it becomes foolishness.
----Theodore Roosevelt乐观是种优秀品质，但过分乐观就是愚蠢了。
18. Smooth is the way that leads unto wickedness. ----Plato通往邪恶的路是平坦的
19.Nobody lives without faults. ----Cato人无完人
20. Men often applaud an imitation and hiss the real thing. ----Aesop人经常对模仿品而喝彩，而对真品却耻笑以鼻
21. Men are all alike in their promises, It is only in their deeds that they differ. ----Moliere人在许
诺时都一样，不同之处在于他们的行动
22. To travel hopefully is better than to arrive. ----R. L. Stevenson在路上比实现目标要幸福
23. Every man is the master of his own fortune. ----R. Steels每个人都是他自己的命运的主宰。
24.Other men live to eat, while i eat to live.----Socrates别人为食而生存，我为生存而食
25. Say well is good, but do well is better. ----John Clarke说的好虽好，做的好更好
26.People do not lack strength; they lack will. ----Hugo人们不缺力量，缺的是决心。
27. Cowards die many times before their death. ----Shakespeare
28.Wise men learn by other men's mistakes; fools by their own. ----Proverb聪明人从旁人的错误中吸取教训，愚笨人则从自身的错误中吸取教训。
29. Man proposes, God disposes. ----George Herbert谋事在人，成事在天
30. Only they who fulfill their duty in everyday matters will fulfill them on great occasions.
----Charles Kingsley一屋不扫何以扫天下
Section V Rhetoric: Identify Figures of Speech ( 20题，10% )
1.Alliteration
Fortunes favor fools.
His bark is worse than his bite.
Lovers live by love.
Many men, many minds.
No sweet without some sweat.
2.Paregmenon
Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.
Can’t you sense his sensibility ?
I wish he could explain his explanation.
Nothing succeeds like success.
Teach the unforgettable to forget.
The flowing water helped her thoughts to flow.
What’s done can not be undone.
3.Repetition
All this will not be finished in the first 100 days. Nor will it be finished in the first 1000 days. Nor in the life of this administration, nor even perhaps in our life time on this planet. But let us begin.
That government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from this earth.
He gave his life; life was all he could give.
In anticipation he feared death , death that found him unafraid, however.
4.Simile
He has a heart like stone.
He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers.
Life lasts the time a match flickers.
The full green hills are round and soft as breasts.
The sheet on the bed is as white as snow.
5.Metaphor
All the world’s a stage, and all men and women merely players.
Beware of little leaks. A small leak will sink a great ship.
Failure is the mother of success.
He worked hard and eventually became the pillar of society.
Life is a journey.
6.Metonymy
Give every man your ear, but few your voice.
He drank the cup off at a draught.
He has a good eye for distance.
He is too fond of the bottle.
I am listening to Beethoven.
I have got a head like a sieve.
She was once a beauty.
The girl is the pride of the family.
7.Synecdoche
A pale oval face came forward into the light.
Cotton suits you.
I learned it through the lips of my friend.
Many hands provide great strength.
My new wheels cost me a year’s income.
No eye saw him, but a second later every ear heard a gunshot.
The poor man had 12 mouths to feed.
8.Personification
Flowers danced about the lawn.
The boat was at the mercy of the wave.
The car coughed and died.
The sun smile down on the green meadow.
The wind bit his face.
9.Climax
I came, I saw, I conquered.
I was born an American; I live an American; I shall die an American.
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. She is cold and selfish and ungrateful.
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
10.Idiom
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Better late than never.
Clothes make the man.
Hunger is the best sauce.
Money makes the mare go.
New lords, new laws.
Nothing venture , nothing gain
Too many cooks spoil the broth.
Section VI Answer the Questions ( 6大题，40% )
1. about American English and British English ( 5% )
2. about English idioms ( 8% )
3. about English dictionaries ( 10% )
4. about the study of English lexicology ( 4% )
5. about word meaning ( 5% )
6. about polysemy and homonymy ( 8% )
《英语词汇学》教学大纲
a t i m e a n d A l l t h 《英语词汇学》教学大纲 一、课程名称：英语词汇学 二、课程类别：英语专业限选课 三、教学时数与学分：本课程为34学时, 总学分为2分四、开课时间：本课程安排在第6学期进行五、教学对象：英语专业一年级学生六、教学目的： 通过学习，学生能够了解英语词汇学的基本理论知识，并能用所学的知识去独立思考、分析问题和解决问题。 七、教学内容： 教师授课与学生自学相结合。学生需在教师的指导下阅读有关词汇学书籍。检查学生的阅读质量主要采取由学生复述阅读内容，并对阅读内容中的思想和观点作出个人的评价。教师重点讲解学生在阅读中所遇到的重点和难点。 学生完成基础词汇学理论的学习后，应根据所学词汇学理论知识，在教师的指导下设计、完成自己的学期论文。 Chapter I A General Survey of English Vocabulary Chapter II Morphological Structure of English Words Chapter III Word-Formation (I)Chapter IV Word-Formation (II) Chapter V Word Meaning and Semantic Features Chapter VI Polysemy and Homonymy Chapter VII Sense Relations Between Words Chapter VIII Meaning and Context Chapter IX Changes in Word Meaning Chapter X English Idioms Chapter XI American English Chapter XII English Dictionaries and How to Use Them 八、时间安排：本学期6－13周进行课程的讲授，14周组织学生复习，15周考试。详见下表。 周次日期 星期/节次 讲授内容 备注 第一周月 日 第二周第三周第四周第五周第六周 10.1310.13周五.3.4周五.7.8General survey of English vocabulary; morphological structure of English words 第七周10.20周五.3.4Word-formation(I)第八周 10.2710.27 周五.3.4周五.7.8 Word-formation(II)
英语词汇学教程期末总结
英语词汇学教程期末总结 1、 what is lexicology? Lexicology is the study of the vocabulary or lexicon of a given language. It deals not only with simple words, but also with complex and compound words. 2、 morphology is the study of the forms of words and their components. In morphology, morpheme is a basic concept. Morphemes are considered as the smallest meaningful units which may constitute words or parts of words. Semantics is often defined as the study of meaning. Semantics is usually approached from one of two perspectives: philosophical or linguistic. Etymology is the study of the whole history of words. First…second…third P2 3、 lexicography is closely related to the words in a given language. It involves the writing and compilation of dictionaries, especially dealing with the principles that underlie the process of compiling and editing dictionaries. 4、 Major features of words: 背
英语词汇学考试重点整理
Explain the following terms 一1) free morpheme/ A free morpheme is one that can be uttered发出，表达alone with meaning. It can exist on its own without a bound morpheme. In the traditional sense, a free morpheme is a word. 例如hand ,eat, get 2) bound form/never used as sentences. – ess in countess, lioness and duchess –ish in boyish, childish and greenish –s in hats, books and cups 3) function words/ function words are often short words, they do not have much lexical meaning and some of them have no lexical meaning of their own; They are often short words such as determiners限定词, conjunctions连词, prepositions介词, auxiliaries辅助物, and so forth. 如to, the , of , by 4) content words实词/ They are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. They are the nouns, main verbs, adjectives形容词and adverbs副词of a language. 二1) syntheti c综合的language / inflectional grammatical markers, French, German and Russian. 2) analytic language/word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs , English and Chinese 3) Indo-European family of languages/ Europe and parts of Southern Asia Eight groups 三1) morphemes /The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible可分的or analyzable into smaller forms. 2) allomorphs/variants变体of the same morphem如im-, ir-, il- : allomorphs of the morpheme in- 3) root / is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. work able, work er, work ed, and work ing 4) stem /A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. Inflectional (but not derivational) affixes are added to it. It is the part of word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. 如undesirables, undesirable; desired, desire 5) base / A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Desirable, desire - base and root, not stem; undesirable, desirable-base, not root and stem 6) inflectional affixes/A inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality复数, tense, and the comparative比较的or superlative 最高的degree. 如-s, -ed, -er, -est 7) derivational affixes / When they are added to another morpheme, they derive a new word. re+write, mini+car, super+market, modern+ize, work+er 8) compounding 复合法/Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of combining two or more bases to form a compound word 9) derivation 派生法/Derivation or affixation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix or a suffix or both to the base 10) conversion 转化法/Conversion is a word-formation process in which a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. 11) initialism/It is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase. 12) acronym首字母缩略词/Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc. Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters. 13) blending拼缀/Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by
英语词汇学及答案
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学习《英语词汇学》的心得体会
学习《英语词汇学》的心得体会 外语系：张颖
词汇学学习之初，有必要去澄清一些关于词和词汇的基本概念。词语 word 是一个难以捉摸的概念，需要在开始就认真关注。发音和意义之间的关系，声音和形式之间的关系，词语和词汇之间的关系。词语是什么？多年来已经引起了语言学家的关注。争议较大。尽管已经提出了很多的定义，没有一个是最好的。学者们仍然没有在词语的定义上达成一致。当我们谈起一个词语，我们倾向于根据视觉条件来思考。在这个角度，一个词可以被定义为平印在或者写在纸上的字母的有意义的集合。当根据口语定义的时候，词被看成是一个发音或发音的集合，是由人的发音器官自由的发出的。根据语义学家的意见，一个词是一个意义单位。语法学家，则认为一个词是在句中起作用的自由形式。等等。总结起来，词语的定义包含以下几点： （1）一个最小的自由形态 （2）一个发音的集合体 （3）一个意义单位 （4）能独自影响句子的形式 因此，我们能说“词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。” 所有一种语言中的词构成了它的词汇。术语“词汇”使用在不同的地方。他不仅用来代表一种语言中的单词总数，他还能代表所有特定历史时期的单词，例如古代英语词汇，中古词汇和现代英语词汇。我们也用他来代表所有特定方言的词汇，一本书的词汇，一种学术的词汇和一个人的词汇。英语是高度发展的世界语言之一。自然词汇是最大最丰富的之一。今天的英语笼统估计词汇量超过 100万。许多学者认为写作的许多困难实际上是缺乏表达词汇造成的(Raimes 1985 ,Zamel 1983) 。内容贫乏、词不达意、上下文不联贯、句型单调等都与词汇贫乏有直接的联系词汇在语言能力中至关重要。词汇量的大小直接影响听说读写各项能力的发展。语言能力在本文中指运用语言进行交际的能力 ,主要表现在听、说、读和写四个方面。文秋芳(1993)的研究表明词汇学习可以促进英语水平的提高。学生只有具备了充足的词汇量 ,才能读懂和听懂 ,从而也有可能为写作提供“可理解的输入”。学生的词汇量越大 ,阅读和听力的水平就越高。 词汇是构成语言的基本要素之一，词汇对于英语学习者来说，其作用极其重要，可以说是建立每一个学习者英语王国的基石。因此作为英语专业的专业必修
英语教学大纲对词汇量的要求
英语教学大纲对词汇量的要求 2000年版《九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲（实验修订版）》对词汇量的要求是800个，另外要求400-500个认读词汇，合计1200-1300词。 2000年版《全日制高级中学英语教学大纲（实验修订版）》对词汇量的要求是1200个，另外要求750个认读词汇，合计1950词。 根据大学英语教学大纲项目组1996-1997年对大学新生词 汇量的调查，重点大学新生的词汇量约1800-2200，边远民族地区学校新生的词汇量约1400-1600。 据此，新修订的《大学英语教学大纲》把词汇量的起点定为：一级1800词，预备级1200词；四级应达到的词汇量累计4200词，六级应达到的词汇量累计5500词，六级后应达到的词汇量累计6500词。 国内英语教学大纲对词汇量的要求 自20世纪初，清政府实行“新政”，设立新学堂，英语教学就进入了中学课程。1911年民国成立后，中学英语教学得到了发展，并逐步颁布了相应的课程标准。 解放后为规范中学英语教学，教育部制订了相应的课程或大纲。这些英语教学标准或大纲中对词汇量的要求随着时间的推移
和各种各样的原因也不断在变化。这些数字上的变化详见下面的几个表。解放前大学中没有现在的这种大学英语（原称公共英语）性质的课程。故表二无解放前大学英语教学大纲的要求。 表一: 中学教学大纲对词汇量的要求
表二: 大学英语教学大纲对词汇量的要求
表三: 中国英语专业教学大纲词汇量的要求
国外和港台地区对词汇量的研究或要求 对于英语本族语使用者究竟需要多大的词汇量，至今人们也无法给出一个确切的数字。 有学者认为如果阅读一般题材的读物和报刊需要30000词，但这不包括专业技术杂志，如果要包括专业技术杂志则所需词汇量要大得多（Allen，1983）。 Goulden认为英语为母语的20岁的大学生的词汇量为20000词族（word families），如果以每个词族平均有三个派生词，则其词汇量为60000词。5岁上学的儿童的词汇量为4000-5000词族，即约词，并以每年1000词族增加（Read, 2000）。 也有研究表明，美国中学毕业生的词汇量平均为47000词，而大学生大约认识58000词（章扬恕，1990）。由此我们可以基本认定，作为有文化的英语本族语者，其词汇量大约为60000词。而一般英语本族语使用者在日常生活和工作中的词汇量显然不 会需要这么大。根据统计，英美人在表达时大约使用3000-10000词。Thorndike编写的Te acher’s Word Book收词20000词，分为20级，每级1,000词（章扬恕，1990）。 那么对于以英语为外语或第二语言的学习者来说，应掌握多少英语单词才是合适的呢对此国外的语言教育学家也做了大量 的研究。West编写的A General Service List of English Words 收录核心词2000词，如果加上其中的派生词则达到约6000词。
(完整word版)英语词汇学复习大纲整理
1 B a s i c C o n c e p t s 基本概念 1.1 the definition of a word （ alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.） 1.2 sound and meaning ：symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional . A dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. 1.3 sound and form ： 1.4 vocabulary 1.5 classification of words 词汇分类 basic word stock 基本词汇 nonbasic vocabulary 非基本词汇 by use frequency 按使用频率分： basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 基本词汇和非基本词汇 by notion 按概念分： content words and functional words 实义词和功能词 by origin 按起源分： native words and borrowed words 本地词和外来词 all national character 全民性 stability 稳定性 productivity 多产性 polysemy 一词多义 collocability 搭配性 terminology 术语 jargon 行话 slang 俚语 argon 黑话 dialectal words 方言词 archaism 古语词 neologism 新词 neutral in style 文体上中性 frequent in use 使用频繁 native words 本地词 borrowed words 外来词 denizens 同化词 aliens 异形词 translation-loans 译借词 1. No enough letters: alphabet from Latin 2. Pronunciation changed more rapidly 3. Early scribes: change spelling for easier recognition 4. Borrowing: different rules of pronunciation and spelling obvious characteristics 明显的特点 (Functional words do not have notions of their own and their main function is to express the relation between notions, words, etc.)
英语词汇学_习题集2(含答案)
《英语词汇学》课程习题集 一、单选题 1. The word “humorousness” has _______ morphemes. A. one B. two C. three D. four 2. The word “nationalize” has _______ morphemes. A. one B. two C. three D. four 3. The word “decoding” has _______ morphemes. A. one B. two C. three D. four 4. Which of the following forms is not an allomorph of the morpheme “in-”? A. ig- B. ir- C. il- D. im- 5. Which of the following forms does not contain an allomorph of the inflectional morpheme of plurality? A. books B. pigs C. horses D. expense 6. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense. A. naturalists B. anthropologists C. linguists D. conventionalists 7. According to ______ , there is not a logical connection between sound and sense. A. naturalists B. anthropologists C. linguists D. conventionalists 8. Most English words are _________ symbols. A. definite B. arbitrary C. infinite D. hereditary 9. From the point of view of ________, a direct connection between the symbol and its sense can be readily observed in a small group of words. A. nationalism B. anthropology C. linguistics D. motivation 10. Words motivated phonetically are called _________ words. A. onomatopoeic B. similar C. natural D. symbolic 11. In the sentence “John was asked to spy the enemy”, “spy” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________. A. compounding B. derivation C. conversion D. acronym 12. In the sentence “John was doctored by Mr. Smith in the hospital”, “doctor” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________. A. compounding B. derivation C. conversion D. acronym 13.In the sentence “John was asked to get into the office after a two-hour wait”, “wait”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________. A. compounding B. derivation C. conversion D. acronym 14. In the sentence “John decided to nurse his sister himself”, “nurse” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________. A. compounding B. derivation C. conversion D. acronym
英语词汇学总结(细致)
Chapter 1Word-Structure 1. The definition of morpheme 1.1 What is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language?- morpheme What are words composed of? - Words are formed by morphemes. A word is the smallest unit that stands alone to communicate meaning. 1.2 What are the Chinese equivalents对应词of morpheme? 语素词素-形位 2.1 Morphemes may be classified into free and bound. Free morphemes, also called content morphemes, may constitute words by themselves. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. So we may say that free morphemes are free roots. Bound morphemes = Bound root + affixes, known as grammatical morphemes, must appear with at least one other morpheme, either free or bound. Bound morphemes are chiefly found in derived words, e.g. recollection, idealistic, ex-prisoner 2.2 Morphemes may also be classified into roots (or root morphemes) and affixes (or affixational morphemes). Task: (1) Read the following words and find the root in each word. heart, hearten, dishearten, heartless, hearty, heartiness, sweetheart, heartbroken, kind-hearted, whole-heartedly. (2) What is your definition of root? A root is the part of the word-form which remains when all the affixes have been removed. (3) Is a root necessarily a free morpheme? Why? 2.2.1 Two types of roots - Free root In English, many roots are free morphemes, such as black in black, blackboard, blacksmith. - Bound root However, there are quite a number of roots which cannot exist on their own and thus belong to the class of bound morphemes. For example, ceive in receive, conceive, perceive, deceive; mit in permit, commit, submit; tain in retain, contain, maintain; cur in recur, occur, incur, etc. these roots cannot be used to form new words. 2.2.2 Two types of affixes Affix is a collective term for the type of formative (构词成分) that can be used only when added to another morpheme. - Inflectional affixes (or inflectional morphemes) serve to express the following meanings: (1) plurality: e.g. -s in chairs, pens; -es in boxes, tomatoes; en in oxen. (2) the genitive case: e.g. ’s in boy’s, children’s. (3) the verbal endings: for example, a. -(e)s in words like eats, teaches shows the third person singular present tense. b. -ing in words like eating, teaching shows the present participle or gerund. c. -(e)d in words like worked, saved shows the past tense or past participle. (4) the comparative and superlative degrees: e.g. -er in words like smaller, harder; -est in words like smallest, hardest. - Derivational affixes (or derivational morphemes)can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. ?(1) Prefixes are affixes before the root, e.g: unjust, rewrite. As a rule, most prefixes modify the meaning of roots, but not their parts of speech.
英语词汇学教学大纲2013
《英语词汇学》教学大纲 课程名称：英语词汇学 课程编号： 课程类型、学时数及学分：专业必修课，第7期，32学时，2学分 教材名称及作者、出版社、出版时间及书号：《现代英语词汇学概论》张韵斐著，北京师范大学出版社，2004，ISBN: 978-7-303-00143-9 本大纲制定时间：2013年11月 本大纲审定人： 一、课程性质、目的和任务 本课程属于专业限选课，授课对象为本科专业高年级学生。本课程的教学目的在于帮助学生系统地总结英语词汇知识, 从而更科学地学习英语词汇,运用词汇学中所学到的基本知识和理论来分析和理解英语词汇, 正确地使用英语词汇。其次，本课程还有助于培养学生在英语学习中对所观察到的语言现象加以分析和总结的技能和习惯，从而培养学生语言的理解、欣赏和分析能力。 二、课程教学的基本要求 本课程的教学要求是通过学习现代英语词汇学的基础理论，使学生了解词的来源、词的形态、词的构成方式、词的语义特征、各种词汇之间的相互关系和变化、词的联想与搭配等内容，观察美语和英语词汇的区别，掌握常用词汇知识在语言实践中的运用方法与技能，鼓励学生积极参与课堂讨论。 课程的重点：词的构成方式，语义特征，语义变化，词汇衔接和语篇连贯。 课程的难点：词汇衔接和语篇连贯。 三、课程教学基本内容和学时分配 本课程总的学时为32学时。每课为2-4个课时完成。教学内容如下： Chapter 1 A General Survey of English vocabulary 1.The development of English vocabulary 2.Classifications of English words according to different criteria 本章节讲授重点： What is the definition of English words? What are the three phases of English vocabulary? How can we classify English vocabulary? Chapter 2 Morphological Structure of English words
2012 英语词汇学论文 英文版
成绩 Root and Affixation of Lexicology Abstract: It’s important and permanent to master the vocabulary in the English learning. Everyone who has ever set foot on English realizes that it’s somewhat incredible for us to reciting numerous and difficult words. Nevertheless, there are some skills we should acquire to make word-recitation easier and more effective. This paper mainly discusses the using of vocabulary root and affix. Only by having a good knowledge of the roots and affixes, can we prosper our English vocabulary and further our English study. Key words: root; affixation; detailed analysis; difficult words 1Introduction: Blindly reciting numerous and difficult words is a total waste of time and energy. Especially, situation becomes worse for the college students with little words storage and non-interest. However, most of the English words are comprised with roots and affixes, which are limited, stable and short. If we acquire them, it will be much simpler and rapider for us to recognize the unfamiliar and difficult words through the analysis on roots and affixes. If we can master and know how to use them properly, it will be a big step for the further study of this foreign language. A road of a thousand miles begins with each single step, so does the English words. Now we are going to learn the root and affixation respectively. Definition is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity and it carries the main component of meaning in a word. By learning the roots, we will find it not complicated for us to understand the long and difficult words which we often encounter in the tough reading test. However long and tough the word is, we can divide it into several parts, the fundamental part is the root and then we can understand what it means and fluently blurt it out without repeating it. Here are some detail analyses of the examples: Internationalist: nation is the root which means country or state, inter- is prefix meaning between or interactive, -al is the suffix and the –ist is the suffix meaning the person. So you will quite simply find its meaning. Invigorate: the root is vigor similar to power and energy, in- means making sth have the function of verb, here is make sth vigor, -ate is the verb suffix. So invigorate is to make sth vigorous. Antecedent: -ced- is the root referring to motion or going forward, ante- is before, and –ent means somebody. So antecedent is somebody who moves ahead of us, the same as forefather or ancestor. Protract: -tract is the root like pulling sth or extending sth make it wider or longer, pro- is the prefix meaning “ahead”. After analyzing this word, we know that “protract” is similar to prolong meaning make sth longer or longer to live. A lot of words contain this root, such as detract, extract, subtract, attract, tractable, intractable, etc. Arbitrariness: arbitrary is the root indicating to randomness or out of order, -ness is the noun suffix. The profound meaning of learning roots is that you will find it much easy to memorize words because there are so many word share the same root. No matter how long and hoe difficult the word is, the basic meaning of the word is stable and unchangeable. If we recite words according the