汽车安全系统技术中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译

Automotive safety systems and technology research

and analysis

As traffic tools of the modernization and absolute number increase sharply, traffic accidents are also increasing. Car accident has become severe global social issues. Undoubtedly, a dvanced auto safety facilities are the driving safet y indispensable safeguard. So, we should start, from technology to research and development of high performance, high safety car, also want to strengthen the regular inspection in cars, so timely maintena nce investigation, make cars often in good technical status, so as to improve the safety performance of the car.

Here we introduced active safety technology and automobile car passive safety technology. Auto safety is according to the traffic accident happened before and after the classified. One is in a traffic accident take safety measures, especially before immediately will produce risk condition, drivers manipulate the steering wheel avoid or emergency brake to avoid traffic accidents. In the car, driv e in usually to ensure the basic manipulation stability, drivers on the surrounding environment and to ensure the visual recognition sex drive the car itself, developed the basic performance ant-lock braking s ystem (ABS), prevent slippery drive system (ASR), active suspension, power steering and four-wheel drive (4WD), four-wheel steering (4WS), lighting system, wiper, the rearview mirror, prevent from rear-end collision car

alarm system and laser radar, etc. These security devices and technology, called active safet y system, can also be called preventive security system. On the other hand, in order to reduce traffic accidents and company by personnel directly suffer degree, ensure company take staff and pedestrian safety, says the security for passive safet y, can also be called conflict safety. When after the accident, in order to prevent disasters, including prevent the expansion of fire and make crew from traffic accident can extricate the security devices and systems, called prevent disaster expand securi ty system.

One．Automobile active security technology

1. ABS braking system

Ant-lock Braking System (Braking System, lock do by ABS computers as ABS), hydraulic device, the wheel speed sensors, brake hydraulic pipeline and electrical wiring etc. Their st ructures are shown below.

ABS tasseled for the car in various driving conditions braking performance and brake safet y particularly important, especially is emergency braking, can make full use of the peak between tire and road surface adhesion properties,improve performance and reduce automobile fight sideslip braking distance, give full play to the braking performance, but also increase the automobile braking process control. So as to reduce the possibility of car accidents.

No installation ABS car, if the driving force trample brake pedal, wheel will rapidly lower speed, and finally wheels stop turning, but body because of inertia remains forward sliding. This phenomenon was at the wheel and pavement occur between larger "slip", appear this kind of situation, the car tires of automobile lateral spreads almost disappear, so poor force will appear the following phenomena:

(1) Steering stability fall: the steering wheel is ineffective, vehicle

tail manipulation of curl, serious when vehicle circles or appe ar folding phenomenon;

(2) Handling fall: manipulate the steering wheel and short of steering requirements;

(3) Braking distance extended: more than general braking distance.

So, we can imagine to have installed ABS system of the car safety is very important.

2．the ASR drive torque control system

ABS are used to prevent car braking process wheel lock, will wheel sliding rate control in ideal range, so as to shorten the braking distance, improve automobile braking direction stability and steering control, so as to improve the safet y of the car. Along with the increase of vehicle performance requirements, not only in braking process required to prevent wheel lock, and asked the driver to prevent drive roller skating turn in the process, making cars in the direction stability, driving process steering control ability and acceleration performance, so are improved by the car drive torque steering system ASR (Accelerations Regulation) Slip. ASR is the perfect complement and ABS ASR, but most alone is set with ABS combined together, commonly used ABS/ASR says, called antiskid control system.

ASR is mainly used to prevent car in the beginning, accelerate the wheels, guarantee slip in the car accelerated rate and improve the stability in bad pavement drive attach ed conditions. It makes no difference speed in the car lock ice roads and muddy road started and to improve its capacity, also can prevent high in speed by turning cars gliding pavement and rear lateral spreads phenomenon.

Anyhow, prevent the wheel becaus e ASR slip, can maximize the engine driving moment of cars had enough, ensure the longitudinal force, lateral force and manipulation of power, make cars in starting,

steering and accelerate the process, in gliding and muddy road, in a mountain area downhil l process can steadily driving, guarantees the safety, reducing tire wear and fuel consumption, and improves the car driving capability.

3．VDC system

ABS/ASR system successfully solves the brake and the car when driven direction stability problem, but ca nnot solve the vehicle steering stability problem driving direction. For example when steering road, inevitably by lateral and longitudinal force, onl y local surface can provide full lateral and longitudinal force, the pilot can control vehicles. If the ground adhesion ability lower lateral, will damage cars driving ability predetermined direction. Rainy days cars driving, often high-speed steering lateral sliding out, it is the ground because of insufficient lateral adhesion ability. To resolve the issue, and developed countries automobile industry recently in ABS/ASR system on the basis of the development of dynamic Control system (into car Dynamics Control, the abbreviation VDC Vehicle). The system of the car brake, driving, suspension, steering, engine a nd so on various main assembly control system in function, structure organic ground comprehensive together, can make cars in all kinds of bad working conditions, such as ice road pavement, commuting, river bend pavement and took evasive action moving line,braking and acceleration and the downhill for different conditions, such as bearing, different type pressure and different levels of type wear all have good direction stability, to show the best driving performance. VDC applications, in braking, accelerat ion and steering aspects of driver's fully released request, is the car of active safet y driving a new milestone.

VDC of steering control system is mainly by driving for each wheel brake control and engine power output control to realize. For

example, if the car turn left front wheel for steering the inadequate capacit y tend to slip out of the corner, VDC s ystem can measure imminent, just know lateral spreads left rear brake adopt appropriate measures. If at the same corner, because rear wheel tend to slip out of favor of lateral overmuch, VDC system is proper braking to front-right wheel failure, maintain the stability of the vehicle driving. In extreme cases, VDC system can also take reduce engine to reduce the power output, and to reduce the speed of the demand side adhesion ability to maintain the stability of the vehicle driving. Adopt VDC system, automobile in folio pavement or corner of pavement braking distance still can further reduce.

4．CCS cars cruise control system

Auto cruise Control System (Cruiser Control System, abbreviation for CCS) is can make automobile work in engine favorable speed range, reduce driver's driving manipulate labor intensity, improve the driving comfort the automatic driving device.

Car cruising s ystem (CCS) role is requ ired by the driver: after a normally-closed switch, no speed on the accelerator pedal can automaticall y keep the speed, make the vehicle with the fixed speed. Using this device, when on the highway after a long time, the driver driving not have to control the accelerator pedal, reduce fatigue, while reducing unnecessary speed change, can reduce save fuel.

Auto cruise control system is the earliest development of the automotive electronic control system. This system USES another speed sensor, will speed signal input engine control microcomputer, by microcomputer control vacuum system work. This system can make use of the server, speed control switch lever and brake pedal on vacuum lift switches etc, its function and basic system the same.

In this system, el ectronic control device can accord change of

driving resistance, automatic regulation engine throttle Angle, make the speed constant. Such not only reduce unnecessary speed change, which saves fuel, also reduced the driver's burden.

Two. Automobile passi ve safety technology

1. Seat belt

Car seat belt is a safety device, it can in car collision or sharp turn, make crew to keep its original position as possible without mobile and rotation, avoid collision with in-car hard parts caused damage. Seat belts and airbags, as modern cars are safet y devices, but the long history of the former, popularize the scope.

The seemingl y simple seat belt actually not "simple". Attention has been at the forefront of traffic safety, through the analysis of general motors after a car accident found: seat belt not only makes people protect the lives, can be in more than half of the accident to reduce or even eliminate drivers, motorists are the chance of injury. Car collision or unexpected emergency braking force generated gre at inertia, will allow the driver and passenger and car windscreen, steering wheel, seat, collision happened objects such as secondary to drive is caused extremely easil y crew serious damage, even drive occupant seats or threw the apex, seat belts can will ride in the seat. Bondage personnel When has the accident, which can effectively prevent the collision, and its buffer role can absorbs a great deal of kinetic energy, reduce rides personnel extent of the injuries.

Fasten your seat belt airbags play our role is also an important condition. Because the airbag to maximize role for the ride in the impact of the physical location, sitting instant action have extremely strict and the requirements. Otherwise, the airbag started strong instantaneous wallops to h ead are fragile site, may cause serious damage, especially for children, this damage can be fatal. Even the

most ordinary three belts, try a can timely in crash that lived rides the bundle, ensure the upper part of a ride in the airbag fully extended range, make the airbag most effectively play efficacy. Accordingl y, must not because the car is equipped with airbags and feel carefree seat belt fastened, only to reduce or eliminate the traffic accident happen.

2. The airbag

When the front collision happene d strong, because inertia, who rides the body forward fast moving, then seat belts and will try to "pull" rides on person the body, absorb some of the impact energy, while the airbag with "the eyepiece trend" inflatable and completely open; Then the rides the upper body will sink to airbags, gas also began from the vent air uniform escaping, and absorbed most of the impact energy; Subsequently, the ride back seat and return to the body. Above the whole process is almost always happens in a flash, who rides the completely in passive situation, in this case, the passive rel y on auxiliary occupant protection system is the only option. Airbags development design is based on the protection on seat belt Co., LTD; they cooperate with each other to ride the play the auxiliary protective effect.

Seat belt usage in under the condition of the crew, balloon help reduce chest, head and facial injuries in the seriousness of the collision. When car collision happened before, the first is the car to stop motion, car under the action of inertial force crews to go forward with the original speed still sport. Not wearing a seatbelt crews will and steering dish, front windscreen together, so it can be severely hurt; Wearing a seatbelt as car stop the crew can stop moving forward movement and gradually. If collision violent, crew forward movement of the seat belts, even faster in the complete stop before motion, still and in-car things together. If this fashion in steering the disk or within the popup balloon

inflated dash, it can protect the occupant reduce the possibility of car together with things, more uniform dispersion head, chest, absorb the impact energy of movement, thus crew has added effect of seat belts.

In addition to seat belts and airbags outside car passive safety technology includes car bumper, automobile safet y glass, security body, occupant head and neck protection system (WHIPS), etc. These vehicles to improve the safety performance has very important contribution

汽车安全系统技术研究分析

随着交通工具的现代化和绝对数量的急剧增长,车祸也不断增加。汽车交通事故已成为严峻的全球性社会问题。毋庸置疑,先进的汽车安全设施是行车安全不可缺少的保障。所以,我们要从技术上入手,努力研究开发高性能、高安全性的汽车,同时也要加强对在用汽车的定期检查,以便及时维修调查,使汽车经常处于良好的技术状况,以提高汽车行驶的安全性能。

这里我们重点介绍汽车主动安全技术和汽车被动安全技术。汽车的安全性是按交通事故发生的前后加以分类的。一方面是在交通事故发生之前采取安全措施,特别当即将发生危险状态时,驾驶者操纵方向盘避让或者紧急制动以避免交通事故发生。汽车在通常的行驶中,为确保驾驶者的基本操纵稳定性,对周围环境的视认性和确保汽车本身的基本行驶性能,开发了防抱死制动系统(ABS)、防滑驱动系统(ASR)、主动悬架、动力转向、四轮驱动(4WD)、四轮转向(4WS)、灯光照明系统、刮水器、后视镜、防止车辆追尾的车距报警系统和激光雷达等。这些安全装置和技术称为主动安全系统,也可称为预防安全系统。另一方面,为了尽量减少交通事故和司乘人员直接受害程度,保证司乘人员和行人的安全,称这种安全性为被动安全,也可称为冲突安全。当事故发生后,为了防止灾害的扩大,包括防止火灾和使乘员能从事故车辆中解脱出来的安全装置和系统,称为防止灾害扩大的安全系统。

一、汽车主动安全技术

1．ABS防抱死制动系统

防抱死制动系统(Anti-lock Braking S ystem,简称ABS)由ABS电脑、液压装置、车轮转速传感器、制动液压管路及电器配线等组成。

ABS系统对于汽车在各种行驶条件下的制动性能及制动安全尤为重要，特是紧急制动，能够充分利用轮胎和路面之间的峰值附着性能，

提高汽车抗侧滑性能并缩短制动距离，充分发挥制动效能，同时增加了汽车制动过程中的可控性。从而减少了汽车事故发生的可能性。

没有安装ABS的汽车，如果在行驶中用力踩踏制动踏板，车轮会急速降低转速，最后车轮停止转动，但车身由于惯性依然保持向前滑动。这种现象在车轮与路面之间发生较大的“滑移”，出现这种状况时，汽车轮胎对路面的侧滑摩差力几乎消失，于是会出现下述现象：（1）转向稳定性下降：方向盘操纵不灵，车辆尾部上翘，严重时车辆打转或出现折叠现象；

（2）操纵性下降：操纵方向盘而达不到转向要求；

（3）制动距离延长：超过一般的制动距离。

所以，可想而知有无装设ABS系统对汽车行驶的安全性是非常重要的。

2．ASR驱动防滑控制系统

ABS用于防止汽车制动过程中车轮抱死，将车轮的滑移率控制在理想的范围内，以缩短制动距离，提高汽车制动时方向稳定性和转向操纵性，从而提高汽车行驶的安全性。随着对汽车性能要求的提高，不仅要求在制动过程中防止车轮抱死，而且要求在驱动过程中防止驱动轮滑转，使汽车在驱动过程中的方向稳定性、转向控制能力和加速性能都得到提高，因此采用了汽车驱动防滑转向系统ASR （Accelerations Slip Regulation）。ASR是ABS的完善和补充，ASR 可单独设置，但大多数是与ABS组合一起，常用ABS/ASR表示，称为防滑控制系统。

ASR主要用来防止汽车在起步、加速时车轮的滑转，保证汽车在加速过程中的稳定性并改善在不良路面上的驱动附着条件。它可以使无差速锁的汽车在冰雪路面和泥泞道路上起步并改善其通行能力，还可以防止在车速较高并通过滑溜路面又转弯时汽车后部的侧滑现象。

总之，ASR由于防止了车轮的滑转，便可最大限度地利用发动机的驱动力矩，保证汽车有足够的纵向力、侧向力和操纵力，使汽车

在起动、转向和加速过程中，在滑溜和泥泞路面上、在山区上下坡过程中都能稳定地行驶，既保证了行车安全，减少轮胎磨损和燃油消耗，又改善了汽车的驱动性能。

3．VDC系统

ABS/ASR系统成功地解决了汽车在制动和驱动时的方向稳定性问题，但不能解决汽车转向行驶的方向稳定性问题。例如当汽车转向行驶时，不可避免地受到侧向和纵向力的作用，只有当地面能够提供充分的侧向和纵向力时，驾驶员才能控制住车辆。如果地面侧向附着能力比较低，就会损害汽车按预定方向行驶的能力。雨天汽车高速转向行驶时，常常侧向滑出,就是地面侧向附着能力不足的缘故。为解决此问题，最近汽车工业发达国家又在ABS/ASR系统的基础上发展成汽车动态控制系统（Vehicle Dynamics Control，简称VDC）。这个系统把汽车的制动、驱动、悬架、转向、发动机等各主要总成的控制系统在功能上、结构上有机地综合在一起，可使汽车在各种恶劣工况下，如冰雪路面上、对开路面上、弯道路面上以及采取规避动作移线、制动、加速和下坡等工况时，对不同承载、不同轮胎气压和不同程度的轮胎磨损都有良好的方向稳定性，表现出最佳的行驶性能。VDC 的应用，在制动、加速和转向方面完全解脱对驾驶员的要求，是汽车的主动安全行驶方面的一个新的里程碑。

VDC系统对转向行驶的控制主要是借助于对各个车轮的制动控制和发动机功率输出控制来实现的。例如汽车左转弯时，若前轮因转向能力不足而趋于滑出弯道，VDC系统即可测知侧滑即将发生，就采取适当制动左后轮的办法。若在同一弯道上，因后轮趋于侧向滑出而转向过多，VDC系统即采取适当制动右前轮的办法，维持车辆的稳定行驶。在极端情况下，VDC系统还可采取降低发动机功率输出的办法降低行驶车速，减少对地面侧向附着能力的需求来维持车辆的稳定行驶。采用VDC系统后，汽车在对开路面上或弯道路面上的制动距离还可进一步缩短。

4. CCS汽车巡航控制系统