初中情态动词用法讲解

情态动词的语法特征

1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。

21.2 比较can 和be able to

1）can could 表示能力；可能(过去时用could),

只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。

They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

2）只用be able to

a. 位于助动词后。

b. 情态动词后。

c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。

d. 用于句首表示条件。

e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，不能

用could。

He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.

= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out. 注意：could不表示时态

1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。

--- Could I have the television on?

--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.

2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。

He couldn't be a bad man.

他不大可能是坏人。

21.5 must表示推测

1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，

意为"一定"。

2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事

情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的

原形或行为动词的进行式。

You have worked hard all day.You

must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）

He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。

比较：

He must be staying there.

他现在肯定呆在那里。

He must stay there.

他必须呆在那。

3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。

I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。

4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。

---Why didn't you answer my phone call?

---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.

5) 否定推测用can't。

If Tom didn't leave here until five

o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。

21.6 表示推测的用法

can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：

1）情态动词+动词原形。

表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。

I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.

2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。

表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。

At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.

这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。

3）情态动词+动词完成时。

表示对过去情况的推测。

We would have finished this work by the end of next December.

明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。

The road is wet. It must have rained last night.

地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。

表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。

Your mother must have been looking for you.

你妈妈一定一直在找你。

5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't 表示。

Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.

迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他

是坐公共汽车来上班的。

注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。

had better表示"最好"

had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。

had better do sth

had better not do sth

It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.

She'd better not play with the dog.

had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。

You had better have come earlier

21.10 would rather表示"宁愿"

would rather do

would rather not do

would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。

还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner 都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。

If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.

I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.

典型例题

----Shall we go skating or stay at home?

----Which ___ do?

A. do you rather

B. would you rather

C. will you rather

D. should you rather

答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿"，本题为疑

问句，would 提前，所以选B。

21.12 情态动词的回答方式

问句肯定回答否定回答Need you…?Yes, I must.No,I needn't

Must you…?/don't have to.

典型例题

1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?

---Yes, of course, you____.

A. might

B. will

C. can

D. should

答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和may来表达，不能用could或might。复习：will 与you连用，

用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。

2）---Shall I tell John about it?

---No, you ___. I've told him already.

A. needn't

B. wouldn't

C. mustn't

D. shouldn't

答案A。needn't 不必，不用。wouldn't 将不, 不会的。mustn't 禁止、不能。shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。

3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.

---______.

A. I don't

B.I won't

C. I can't

D.

I haven't

答案B.will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心"，本题表示决心，选B。