8Bunit2知识点梳理配套双基1

八年级第二学期牛津英语知识点梳理及配套练习

Unit 2 Water Talk

重点词组

1.the amount of water 水的数量

2.flow into 流入

3.rise from…从…升起

4.fall as sth. 像…似的下落

5.tap was on 水龙头开着

6.pour into the washbasin 倒入洗漱池里

7.look around 环顾四周

8.sound impatient 听起来不耐烦

9. a drop of water 一滴水

10.before that 在那之前

11.enjoy the view 欣赏景色

12.drop…into 把…扔到….

13.speed down 快速下滑，跌落

14.clean up 净化，弄干净

15.a water treatment works 自来水厂

16.finish with sth. 用完，不再需要某人

17.pump…into…把…吸收到…

18.a sewage plant 污水处理厂

19.a thorough cleaning 一次彻底的清洁

20.add…to 将…加入…

21.the end of journey 旅程结束

22.wait a minute 等一下

23.liquid gold 液体黄金

24.mean by…意思是…

25.talk to sb. 和某人谈话

词型转换

1）daily adj. 每天的day n.天

2）increase v. 增加increasable adj. 可增加的increasing adj. 日益增加的(反义) decrease v. 减少

3）impatient adj. 不耐烦的impatiently adv. 不耐烦地impatience n. 急躁(反义) patient adj. 耐心的

4）comfortably adv. 舒服地comfort v. 安乐n. 舒适comfortable adj. 舒服的(反义) uncomfortably adv. 不舒服地5）relax v. 放松relaxed adj. （人）轻松的relaxing adj. 令人放松的

6）works n. 工厂，作品work n. 工作，事业v. 工作，干活7）cleaning n.清洁，打扫clean v.使干净ad j. 清洁的

8）ordinary adj. 普通的ordinarily adv. 普通地

9）manufacture v. 生产，制造. manufacturer n. 制造商

manufacturing adj.制造的manufactory n. 工厂

10）equipment n. 设备equip v. 装备，配备

equipped adj.装备的

重要句型

1.She was brushing her teeth and the tap was on

were/was +doing 表示为过去进行时态,强调在过去某一点时间时正在进行的动作。

例句：It was 2 o’clock and my mother was reading a book.

on adv.表示已连接，处于工作状态中（反义）off

2, Water was pouring into the washbasin and vanishing down the drain.

pour into 流入

vanish down 向下消失

3. Turn that tap off

turn sth. off = turn off sth. 动词+副词+sth. = 动词+sth. +副词

常见词组：pick up , write down, turn on, etc.

4. The voice sounded impatient.

sound + adj. 听起来……sound系动词

系动词分类：

1）表示感官的系统词look, sound, taste, smell, feel,这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为"看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……"。除look之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。

2）表示状态的系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，

3）表示持续状态的系动词，主要有keep, remain, stay 等

4）表示主语变化的系动词，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, 等

5. It’s not easy for me to get here.

It is + adj. +for sb. +to do sth. 其中it 作为形式主语，to do sth. 是逻辑主语。

例句：It is important for us to learn English well. 对于我们而言，学好英语非常重要。

6. A few days ago, I was floating comfortably in a cloudy in Jiangxi, enjoying the view.

Enjoying the view 作为句子的伴随状语，强调水滴在漂浮在云上的时候，正在欣赏着美好的风景。

7．Then the cloud dropped me into a stream and I sped down the mountain into the Yangtze River.

d rop…into…把。。。扔到。。。

speed, sped, sped v. 加快，飞跑

8. The Yangtze River carried me to a lake.

carry sb. to spl. 携带某人去某地

carry v. 携带

* carry, take, bring,的区别

caryy 意为携带

bring意为“带来，拿来”，指把某物或某人从另一个地方带到说话的地方来，也可以说是“由远及近”。

take(带走)意为把某物或某人从说话的地方带到另一个地方去，也可以说是“由近及远”，常和介词to构成搭配。

carry意思是“提、扛、搬、携带”，意思较多，但没有方向性。

9. Then it was time to get cleaned up.

clean up 净化，弄干净

get + 过去分词也是一种被动语态。

例如：get lost 迷路get hurt 受伤get married 结婚

It is time to do sth. =It is for sth. …的时候到了

It is time to have lunch= It is time for lunch.

10. I was dirty after my journey so they took me to a water treatment works.

so conj.表结果,不能与because 连用。常见的还有although,though不能与but连用。treatment n. 当治疗方式时为可数名词, 当治疗时为不可数名词

works n. 工厂

11. I waited there until you called me, and here I am.

until 一直到引导时间状语从句

常用结构：not…until 直到。。。才

here I am 意为：我就到这里了。倒装句= I am here.

例句：Here comes the bus. 车来了。

12. When you’ve finished with me, I’ll go to a sewage plant. Then they’ll pump me into the river and I’ll be back in the sea again.

finish with sth. 不再需要某物，用完

plant 意为“工厂，车间”

pump … into 把。。。抽吸到。。。

13. Remember not to waste me or pollute me.

remember (not ) to do sth. 记住（不）要去做某事

remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

例句：Remember to close the door before you leave. 离开之前记得要去关门。

I remember meeting you somewhere before. 我记得以前于建国你。

相似结构：try to do sth. 尽力做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事

forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事forget doing sth. 忘记做某事

stop to do sth. 停止去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事

14. “What do you mean by liquid gold? “ But there was no reply. The water had gone.

mean by …意思是

What do you mean by saying so? 你这么说是什么意思？

reply 是answer 的近义词

●reply 意为经过思考之后回复对方的问题。reply to sb

●answer 泛指各类回答。answer the question

had gone 为过去完成时态，表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束。基本结构“had + 过去分词”

例句：Before I could say soemthing, the handsome man had gone. 在我想说什么之前，那个帅哥已经不见了。

语法知识：数量的表示方式

1.修饰不可数名词

little（几乎没有，表示否定含义）, a little（少量）, not much,（不多）much （许多）a great deal of （大量）

2.修饰不可数名词

few（几乎没有，表示否定含义）, a few（少量）, not many（不多）, many （许多）a large number of （大量）

3. 修饰可数和不可数

no（没有）, some（一些）, any（一些）, a lot of （许多）,lots of (许多)，plenty of (充足的), enough （足够的）

5. 其他数量搭配

only a few (=few)一点点

例句：He spoke only a few words.

not a few (=many)相当多，不少

例句：Both students have made not a few experiments on electricity.

quite a few (=many) 相当多

例句：Quite a few people came to the lecture.

many a (=many)

例句：Many a famous pop star has been ruined by drugs

6. none 的用法

none作为不定代词，其义相当于no one、nothing 或not any.

1)none与some one、any one、every one 均既可指人、也可指物，后可跟of结构；而

no one、everybody、anybody、something、nothing等复合不定代词只表示人或只表示物，后面不能跟of结构。

2)none作主语指代三者或三者以上的可数名词复数时，谓语用单数也可用复数，常无多

大区别；例句：None of them are teachers. None of them is teachers.

3)对how many，how much 的否定简略回答，用none而不用nobody 或nothing。

例句：-- How much rice is there in the box? – None.

7. 可数名词与不可数名词

1）可数名词: 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词。

个体名词: 表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体. 如：student, pen

集体名词: （即集合名词）表示由个体组成的集合体。如：people, family

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。如：map → maps onion → onions baker → bakers

2）不可数名词：不可数名词不能用数字计算包括物质名词及抽象名词。

物质名词: 表示构成物体物质的不可数名词，或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如：gold, air

抽象名词: 表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如：advice, hate 不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如：some water a lot of bread

3）对可数名词的数量提问用how many ;对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much

双基训练

Exercises for Chapter 2

I.Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内。) ( ) 1. What does the manager mean _____ saying break legs when we have the match？

A. for

B. by

C. with

D. to

( ) 2. My little brother can’t find his favourite toy and now he becomes ______.

A. impatiently

B. happily

C. excited

D. impatient

( ) 3. Hurry up! We have _____ time left.

A. many

B. much

C. little

D. a little

( ) 4. Suddenly, I heard _____ strang voice behind me.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

( ) 5. When Daisy _______ and the tap was on.

A. is brushing

B. brushed

C. brushes

D. was brushing.

( ) 6. Daisy is talking with a ____ of water.

A. cup

B. piece

C. drop

D. box

( ) 7. This place is very _____ and make people feel ______.

A. relaxed…relaxed

B. relaxing…relaxing

C. relaxed…relaxing

D. relaxing…relaxed

( ) 8. water was given a thorough ______ and get ______ up.

A. clean…clean

B. cleaning…cleaned

C. cleaned…cleaned

D. cleaned…cleaning

( ) 9. Let’s wait _____ the rain stop.

A. until

B. because

C. but

D. so

( ) 10. Please remember _______ the light when you leave the classroom.

A. turning off

B. turn off

C. turned off

D. to turn off

( ) 11. How many people can a plane ______?

A. take

B. send

C. carry

D. bring

( ) 12. The room has _____ so it is ______.

A. enough lights…enough bright

B. enough lights…bright enough

C. lights enough…bright enough

D. lights enough…bright enough

( ) 13. It _____ me fifteen minutes to go to school by bike.

A. keeps

B. uses

C. spends

D. takes

( ) 14. A: Daisy could read English when she was four years old.

B: _______ clever the girl was!

A. How a

B. What a

C. What

D. How

( ) 15. Only you are here. Where are ______?

A. the other boy

B. the others boys

C. other boys

D. the other boys

( ) 16. A: Which do you like btter, singing or dancing?

B: _________ of them is ok. I like all the activites.

A. Both

B. Neither

C. Either

D. None

( ) 17. A: I’m afraid I can’t help you.

B: ________. I can do it by myself.

A. Certainly

B. That’s right

C. Never mind

D. I’m sorry.

( ) 18. A: When will we get off the buts? B: ______.

A. Here they are.

B. Here we are.

C. We are here.

D. Thank you.

( ) 19. Teacher wanted to find out who broke the window but no one replied.

A. answered

B. talked

C. said

D. spoke

( ) 20. The doctor gave him a thorough exam that day.

A. clearly

B. careful

C. complete

D. correct

II. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子）

1. He doesn’t have a necessary ________, though he was badly ill. (treat )

2. A few days ago, I was floating ______ in a cloud in Jiangxi, enjoying the view. ( comfort)

3. Our body needs eight cups of water ______. ( day )

4. Doctors suggest us we should brush our _______ at least twice a day. ( tooth ).

5. The cloud dropped the water into a stream and the water ______ down the mountain into the Yangtze River. ( speed )

6. The strange voice _______ Dasiy when she heard it. ( freeze )

III. Rewrite the sentences （按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词）

1. Turn off the light . ( 改为否定句)

_______ ________ off the light.

2. The water is precious. ( 改为感叹句)

________ _______ the water is !

3. You must remember ! Don’t waste or pollute water. ( 合并为一句)

You must remember ________ ________ waste or pollute water.

4. To work out the math problem is not easy for me. (保持句意不变)

_______ is not easy for me _____ work out the math problem.

5. There is a lot of rice here. (划线部分提问)

_______ _______ rice is here?

IV. Cloze text

A) Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语，

完成短文. ）

The world is not only hungry, but it is also ___1___for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 70% of the earth’s surface is ____2__ with water. But about 97% of that is sea wate, or salt watre. Man can only drink and sue the other 3% - the fresh water from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. (源泉). And we can not evern use all of that. Even worse, some of it has been made dirty.

However, as things stand today, this ___3__ water is still enough for us. But our need for water is becoming larger and larger quickly – almost ___4____. We should take steps to do with this problem now and in this way we can get away from a serious world – wide water shortage (缺乏) later on.

We all have to learn how to stop ___5___ our valuable water. One of the first steps is to develop ways of reusing it. Today in most large cities, water is used only once and then sent out into a sewer system (下水道). From there it returns to ___6__ or runs into underground places.

But even if every large city reused its water, we still would not have ___7____. All we’d have to do to make use of sea water in the world is to remove the salt. If we take these steps we will be in no danger of drying up.

Choose the words or expressions and complete passage. (7分)

( ) 1. A. thirsty B. sweety C. sport D. hungry

( ) 2. A. filled B. cover C. covered D. full

( ) 3. A. salt B. fresh C. icy D. sweet

( ) 4. A. day B. day with day C. day by day D. day on day

( ) 5. A. wasting B. reusing C. to waste D. reducing

( ) 6. A. Moon B. land C. space D. sea

( ) 7. A. many B. enough C. few D. a lot of

B) Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的

词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。）

Without water at lunchtime

One day at Bluesea Middle School in Hong Kong, about 450 students and teachers went without water at l____1___. They were in a meeting to learn about s____2___ water. The school also collected about HK$10,000. The money would be used to plant 1,880 tress at the heads of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers.

The local director of “ Friends of the Earth” Ms. Wong explained that one third of the world’s population still did not have enough water for all their needs. She thought that by the year 2010, one half of the world’s population would not have enough water. Ms. Wong said she had visited the heads of the two rivers three times in the past year. “ I had expected them to be clean places, as they are at the t____3___ of the rivers. However, sadly I found that they were polluted seriously, even worse than a few years ago.”

Ms. Wong said that if everyone helped save water, the situation would get a little b___4___. She hoped that everyone could do something for saving water. One of the students who a____5___ the meeting said,”I’m pleased I came to the meeting. Now I can remember how a third of the population lives. I thin I’ll try and c____6____ some of my habits, for example, when I clean my teeth, I don't leave the tap running but use just a glass of water i____7___.

l________ 2. s________ 3. t_______ 4. b________ 5. a________ 6. c________ 7. i_______ IV Writing :

Write at least 60 words about the topic ‘‘The importance of water ”．(以“The importance of water ”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)

Suggestion questions.

1.Why water is important to us?

2.Do we need to save water? Why?

3.How can we save water?

参考答案

I. Choose the best answer

1. A.

2. D.

3. C.

4. A.

5. D

6. C.

7. D.

8. B.

9. A. 10. D.11. C. 12. B. 13. D 14. D 15. D. 16. C. 17. C.

18 B. 19 A. 20. C.

II. Complete the sentences with the given words

1. treatment

2. comfortably

3. daily

4. teeth

5. sped

6. froze

III. Rewrite the sentences

1. Don’t turn

2. How precious

3. not to

4. It…to

5. How much

IV cloze text

1- 7. ACBCADB

1. l unchtinme

2. s aving

3. t op

4. b etter

5. a ttended

6. c hange

7. i nstead

V. Wrting

The importance of water

Water is very important. People can’t live without water. About two-thirds of the Earth is covered with water, but little of it can be used.

We should save water because water is very precious to us. We need water to drink, to wash our hands and faces, to do some cleaning. Plants and animals also need water to grow.

We can save water by taking shower instead of bath. We can save water by not turning on the tap when we brush our teeth. We also can save water by telling other people not to waste it.

In a word, water is very important in our daily life.