化学专业英语试卷(B)

化学专业英语试卷(B)
化学专业英语试卷(B)

化学专业英语试卷(B)

姓名: 班级: 学号: 座号:

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商丘师范学院2008——2009学年度第二学期期终考试

化学系 化学工程与工艺、化学教育、应用化学专业06级本科(化工升本08-1、化学06-1,

化学06-2,化工06-1班)《化学专业英语》

试卷

说明:本试卷共7页、四道大题,答卷一律在试卷规定处进行,答在其它处不得分。

一、词汇:

(本题分英译汉和汉译英两部分内容,其中英译汉部分包括20个小题,汉译英部分包括10个小题,将正确答案写在每小题后

面的横线上,每小题1分,本题满分30分)

1. (20分)(英译汉)

(1) carbonate__________ (2) monoxide__________ (3) amino acid__________ (4) aromatic__________

(5) protein__________ (6) covalent bond_________ (7) raw material__________ (8) chemical shift

_________ (9) solute __________ (10) oxygen__________ (11) monatomic__________ (12)

polymer__________ (13) pesticide__________ (14) detergent__________ (15) donor__________ (16)

nuclear magnetic resonance __________ (17) alkali metal__________ (18) geochemistry__________ (19)

electrode__________ (20) alkene__________

2.(10

分)(汉译英)

(21) 无机化学_____________(22)二氧化碳____________ (23) 配体__________ (24) 同分异构体__________ (25) 氯化钠__________ (26) 酸和碱__________ (27) 摘要__________ (28)

离子键

__________ (29) 甲苯__________ (30) 电子__________

二、阅读理解:(本题共3篇短文,15个小题,根据短文内容从各题

的A,B,C,D 四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并将答案代码填入题后的

括号内。每小题2分,本题满分30分)

(一)

There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, in part, a familiar disease. Since

姓名:班级:学号:座号:

………………………………装………………………………订………………………………线………………………………families have similar genes as well as similar environments, familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared environmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families, namely dietary salt (i.e., sodium chloride), has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that chromic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.

By mating is successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion, a resistant strain(the "R" Strain)has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly. In contrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt, a sensitive strain ("S" strain) has also been developed.

The availability of these tow strains permits investigations not heretofore possible. They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human prototypes of hypertension. More important, there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance. Radioactive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.

1. The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out ______ ()

A) as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of salt

B) to explore the long-term use of a sodium based substance

C) because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressure

D) because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives

2. The main difference between "S" and "R" rats is their ______. ()

A) need for sodium 22

B) rate of mating

C) reaction to salt

D) type of blood

3. We can infer from the article that sodium 22 can de used to ______ ()

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姓名:班级:学号:座号:

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A) control high blood pressure

B) cure high blood pressure caused by salt

C) tell the "S" rats from the "R" rats

D) determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like

4. The most beneficial results of the research might be ______ ()

A) development of diets free of salt

B) an early cure for high blood pressure

C) control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressure

D) the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims

5. Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article? ()

A) When salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.

B) The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.

C) The medical field is desperately in need of research.

D) A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.

(二)

Today, as in every other day of the year, more than 3000 U.S. adolescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime, it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered, 30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweighs all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.

Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 percent, smoking rates among youth have declined. While the decline is impressive, several important issues must be raised. First, in the past several years, smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second, in the late 1970s, smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent. The statistic is reversing. Third; several recent studies have indicated high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent.

Finally, though significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade, no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effective measures to reduce smoking levels among youth.

6. According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____ ()

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姓名:班级:学号:座号:

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A) traffic accidents

B) smoking-related disease

C) murder

D) all of these

7. Every day there are over_____high school students who will become regular smoker. ()

A) 75

B) 23

C) 30

D) 3000

8. By "dropout" the author means______ ()

A) students who failed the examination

B) students who left school

C) students who lost their way

D) students who were driven out of school

9. The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________ ()

A) NCI has taken effective measures

B) smoking is prevented among high school seniors

C) there are many smokers who have died of cancer

D) none of these

10. What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________ ()

A) smoking rates among youth have declined very little

B) there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniors

C) high smoking rates are due to the increase in wealth

D) smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds

(三)

The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist's timekeeping methods. For this reason, scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.

第 5 页共 9 页

应用化学专业英语

英译汉: 1.First, electrons are added one at a time moving from left to right across a period……首先,从左向右横跨一个周期时每次增加一个电子。当这种情况发生时,最外层电子将受到逐渐增强的核引力,所以电子将更接近原子核而受到其更紧密的束缚力。其次,在周期表中从上向下移动一列,最外层电子受到核的束缚力将变弱。这是因为主能级数(屏蔽最外层电子受到核的吸引)在每族向下移动时增加。这些趋势解释了通过观察元素的原子半径、电离能、电子亲和力和电负性而得到的元素性质的周期性规律。 2.It is important to note that at equilibrium the rates of reaction,rate r and rate f are equilibrium mixture are usually not equal……值得注意的是,在化学平衡时的反应速率,正反应速率和你反应速率相等但反应物和生成物的摩尔浓度在平衡混合态时一般不相等。但是,事实上每种反应物和生成物在平衡时其浓度为定值,因为每种物质在一个反应中的消耗速率与其在相应你反应正的生成速率相等。在化学平衡提出之前,这种系统被称为动力学平衡状态。 3.This is a mathematical expression of the law of chemical equilibrium which may be stated as follows: When a reversible…………这是化学平衡定律的数学表达式,它可以通过如下所述:当一个可逆反应在给定温度下达到平衡时,在方程式中箭头右边物质的摩尔浓度的积除以左边物质摩尔浓度的积(每种物质浓度的幂等于反应方程式中每种物质的分子数)为定值, 4.Analytical chemistry,or the art of recognizing different substances and determining their constituents, takes a prominent position among 分析化学或鉴定不同物质并测定其成分的技术,因为可以解决每当化学过程被用于科学的或技术性的目的是产生的问题,而在科学应用领域中占显著地位。其极其高的重要性便得它在化学历史上的一个非常早的时期已经被辛勤耕耘了,其记载包含了分布在整个科学领域定量分析工作的一大部分。定量分析的测量也在许多研究领域:化学、生物化学、地质学和其它科学中发挥重要作用。 5.The interaction of UV and visible radiation with matter can provide qualitative identification of molecules and polyatomic……………紫外可见光与物质相互作用时可以提供包含离子和复合物的分子和多原子的物种的定性鉴定。分子和多原子物种,特别是有机分子的结构信息可以得到。这种定性信息通常是通过研究紫外可见光谱获得(紫外可见过的吸收作为穿过分子的波长的函数)紫外可见光的吸收带的形状和强度与吸收物质的电子的结构有关。分子通常是被溶解在溶剂中来获得光谱。 6.One of the most important features of fine chemicals manufacture is the great variety of ………………… 随着新产品持续不断地出现,精细化学品生产制造的一个最重要特征是产品的多样化。 因此,许多化学品都存在需求上的重大波动,如果每种产品都通过专用于某特定工序的车间来生产,投资和劳工费用将是巨大的。结合需要的不断改变和假设机器设备一般在它们设定的最大容量一下正常运行,这将使制造业的花费很高。因此,只有多产量的精细化学品或通过特殊的产法或纯度要求极高的化合物才可以用专门的车间来生产。然后,大多数精细化学品都是在多目标的或多产品的生产线(车间)生产制造。 汉译英:

应用化学毕业论文题目

毕业论文(设计) 题目 学院学院 专业 学生姓名 学号年级级指导教师 教务处制表 二〇一三年三月二十日

应用化学毕业论文题目 本团队专业从事论文写作与论文发表服务,擅长案例分析、仿真编程、数据统计、图表绘制以及相关理论分析等。 应用化学毕业论文题目: 激活心交感传入神经纤维和急性心肌缺血对室旁核神经元活动的影响 海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷油气资源评价 Asia1型FMDV前导蛋白的BHK-21亚细胞定位及其所致细胞蛋白质组变化研究 吐哈油田污水处理技术评价与对策研究 大豆油的非均相环氧化研究 萨北油田结蜡机理及熔蜡实验研究 罗丹明B-大环多胺缀合物的合成及其金属配合物与DNA的相互作用 化学计量学速差动力学分光光度法在某些食品和药物分析中的应用 广西兴安稻区稻纵卷叶螟发生特点及原因分析 一种分离正常成年大鼠肝脏祖细胞新方法的研究 表面活性剂溶液胶束聚集数与流变特性和减阻效率研究 维生素C诱导人胃癌细胞株MKN45凋亡机制的研究 汉防己甲素对人结肠癌细胞株放射增敏性研究 吉非替尼联合替莫唑胺对人胶质瘤细胞体外抑制作用的研究 葡萄籽原花青素对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力的影响及机制研究 东太湖内源氮、磷释放及两种沉水植物净化作用的研究 Tm和Dy掺杂的YSZ涂层制备与发光性能研究

1,3-二(2-吡啶基)脲对根瘤菌结瘤特性的影响 多肿瘤标记物与吉非替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效相关性分析安徽省部分地区乙型肝炎分子流行病学初步研究 HBsAg定量检测在慢乙肝自然史中的研究 学习环运用于高中化学教学的研究 EDTA表面改性增强BiFeO_3活化H_2O_2降解双酚A的研究 含三嗪环磺酸盐阴离子Gemini表面活性剂的应用性能研究 一维氮化铟半导体纳米材料的合成与物性研究 相思藤水提物对肝损伤的作用及机制研究 羌活的质量评价及药效学研究 有机表面活性剂对FePt纳米颗粒磁性能的影响 绿色高效合成吡喃并喹啉衍生物的研究 荧光探针与药物分析的作用及其应用研究 基于冬小麦产量与蒸发量相关性研究的安阳节水农业探讨 小儿毛细支气管炎血皮质醇、ACTH、11β-HSD2水平变化的研究卵泡液中抗苗勒氏管激素与多囊卵巢综合征卵泡发育异常相关性研究颅脑创伤后垂体功能减退的临床与实验研究 睡眠呼吸暂停综合征血管内皮功能障碍的机制探讨 燃气轮机燃烧室污染生成的数值分析 纳米光纤探针制备及其在基于SPR光纤传感系统中的应用研究 论90nm以下浅沟槽隔离工艺的实现 超声辐照下聚苯胺复合材料的制备与性能研究 酸雨对沥青混合料性能影响及作用机理研究 天然产物/中药的代谢相互作用与药效和安全的体外研究 二芳炔硫醚类化合物的一锅合成研究 肝癌HepG2细胞IER5基因低表达细胞系的建立及其辐射效应研究 迷迭香酸抑制肾小管上皮-间充质转分化的作用及机制研究 白藜芦醇苷对大鼠脑缺血后运动功能恢复作用的研究 精细线路多层刚挠结合印制电路板的关键技术研究及应用

化学专业英语试卷B答案

, 每小题2分,共

20分) 1、 NaCN Sodium cyanide 2、 Ba(OH)2 Barium hydroxide 3、 KMnO 4 Potassium permanganate 4、 H 2SO 4 Sulfuric acid 5、 ZnSO 4 zinc sulfate or zinc sulphate 6、 FeS Iron (II) sulfide or Ferrous sulfide 7、 H 3PO 4 phosphoric acid 8、 H 2SO 3 Sulfurous acid 9、 HClO 4 Perchloric acid 10、FeCl 3 iron (III) chloride or ferric chloride 二、给下列有机化合物的英语名称(共5小题, 每小题4分,共20分) 1. 甲乙醚 ethyl methyl ether 2. 对甲基苯酚 4-methyl phenol 3. 苯乙烯 styrene 4. CH 3CH =C(CH 2CH 3) CH 2 OH 2-ethyl-2-buten-1-ol 5. (CH 3)3CCH 2CH 2OH 4,4-dimethyl-1-butanol or 4,4-dimethyl butanol 三、英译汉(共10小题, 每小题4分,共40分) 1、 Carbon-sodium and carbon-potassium bonds are largely ionic in character; carbon-lead, carbon-tin, carbon-thallium and carbon-mercury bonds are essentially covalent. 碳-钠键和碳-钾键有较大的离子性,碳-铅键,碳-锡键,碳-铊键和碳-汞键基本上属于共价键。 2、 The reactivity of organometallic compounds increases with the percent ionic character of the carbon-metal bond. 金属有机化合物的反应活性随着碳金属键中离子性所占的百分数的增大而增强。 3、 Organometallic compounds of lithium and magnesium are of great importance in organic synthesis. 锂和镁的金属有机化合物在有机合成上有重大的意义。

应用化学专业英语介绍

应用化学专业 报告 学院:理学院 专业:应用化学 学号:20100153022 姓名:浦仕瑞

Applied chemistry speciality One、applied chemistry speciality-main courses: Training target:This specialized raise has the chemical basic theory, basic knowledge in strong experimental skills,can in scientific research institutions,colleges and universities and enterprises and institutions, engaged in scientific research,teaching and management work of the senior specialized talents. Training requirements:Students of this specialty mainly study the basic knowledge of chemistry,the basic theory,basic skills and related engineering knowledge,is the basic research and applied basic research of scientific thought and scientific experiment training,has good scientific literacy,have use knowledge and experimental skills in applied research,technology development and technology management of the basic skills. Main courses: Main subject:chemical Main course:Inorganic chemistry、,analytical chemistry(including instrument analysis),organic chemistry,physical chemistry(including structural chemistry,chemical engineering foundation and chemical mapping. The main practice teaching links include production practice,graduation thesis,general arrangement and a week of twenty. Length of schooling:four years awarded degree:physical or Bachelor's Similar professional:chemical applied chemistry chemical biology molecular science and engineering chemical engineering and technology Two、Four chemistry: (Inorganic chemistry,analytical chemistry,organic chemistry,physical chemistry) Inorganic chemistry:Inorganic chemistry relative to organic chemistry, the non carbon.However,some carbon compounds,such as carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide,carbon disulfide,carbonic acid compounds,

浅谈应用化学专业英语

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应用化学专业英语翻译完整篇

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系的结构参数和醇由连续相转移到界面层的自由能变化.结果表明:随着随ω的增大,水内核半径Rw、界面层厚L度,以及表面活性剂和醇在微乳粒子表面的平均聚集数n增加,而醇转移自由能错误!未找到引用源。错误!未找到引用源。△GθC→i、分散相所占总界面面积Ad和颗粒总数Nd减小,测定CTAB/正丙醇/环己烷/水三相微乳液体系的“鱼状”相图和单相微乳液体系拟三元相图从“鱼状”相图的位置考察CTAB形成单相微乳液的效能。用电导法确定单相微乳液体系的结构(W/O、B.C.、和o/w)。考察微乳液结构和温度对微乳液电导率的影响。 关键词:微乳液;结构参数;稀释法;CTAB;相行为的研究 文献概述 一,本课题研究的目的和意义 1.掌握国内外文献查阅的一般方法 2.学习有关文献综述及实验工作报告的写作方法 3.初步了解微乳液的结构与性质及研究方法 4.了解并掌握微乳液的结构参数的测定 二,文献综述(国内外研究情况及其发展) 1.1微乳液的类型、结构和性质 微乳液是由水(或盐水),油,表面活性剂和主表面活性剂等组成,在适当比例下,自发形成透明或半透明的稳定体 系[1],由于它有很强的增容能力和超低界面张力的特性,由舒 尔曼(Schulman)在1943年首先制得,并在1959年正式命名为

“微乳液”。微乳液可分为单项微乳液和多相微乳液。前者是一个均匀的相体系,它们有三种结构之分,O/W型微乳液型,双连续型微乳液和W/O型微乳液。后者指微乳液存在二相平衡或者三相平衡中。在某些条件下,将发生winsorI型 ,winsor Ⅲ型,winsorrⅡ型,及下相微乳液(O/W型),中相微乳液(双连续性),上相微乳液(W/O型)的变化。单相微乳液,微乳液体系经常用三元相图或三元相图表表示。影响单相微乳液的因素:Bansol碳原子数目相关性,电介质对单相微乳液影响,温度对单相微乳液的影响。单相微乳液组成,除油和水以外,对于单烃链尾巴的离子表面活性剂,还需要加上中碳链长的助表面活性剂(醇,胺,有机酸等),对于非离子表面活性剂和双烃尾巴的表面活性剂,往往不需要助表面活性剂。多相微乳液,winsor分类:在水(或盐水)—油—表面活性剂—助表面活性剂体系中可能存在许多平衡。winsor将下相微乳液和剩余水,上相微乳液和剩余油,中相微乳液和剩余水,剩余油等三类平衡体系,分别称做winsorⅠ型,winsorⅢ型和winsorⅡ型。 Lindman等人用NMR方法测定了WinsorⅠ,Ⅲ和Ⅱ型中各个组成(油,水,表面活性剂,醇等)的自扩散系数,证明中间微乳液具有双连续结构[2]。 微乳液相对于普通乳状液有两个特点:一是其形成完全是自发的,不需外界提供能量;二是微乳液是热力学稳定体系,存放过不会发生聚结,且离心不分层[3],典型的被称为

应用化学专业英语翻译

10级应用化学(2)班郑禄春 B2010063224 Lessen 24 ChemicalReactions Conservation of mass and energy(质量与能量守恒) Two conservation laws(定律) applyto allchemical reactions: E nergy can neither be created nor destroyed, andmattercanneither be created nor destroyed. Thus the atoms taking part in a chemical reaction may be rearranged, but all the atoms present in the reactan ts must also be present in the products, and the totalmass of the reactants must equal thetotalmass ofthe products. 化学反应 质量守恒和能量守恒 两个守恒定律(定律)适用于所有的化学反应:能量既不能创造也不能消灭,物质也不能创造也不能消灭。因此原子参与化学反应可能重新安排,但所有的原子出现在反应物必须包含在产品,反应物的总质量必须等于生产物的总质量。 What is a chemical reaction? A chemicalreaction occurs when substances (the reactants) collide (碰撞)with enough energy torearrange to form different c ompounds (the products). The change in energy that occurs when a reaction take place is described by thermodynamics(热力学)andt he rate or speed at which a reactionoccursis described by kinetics (动力学) . Reactions in which the reactantsand productscoexist are considered to be in equilibrium(处于平衡). A chemical equation consists of the chemical formula(化学式)of the rea ctants, and the chemical formula of the products. The twoare separated byan → usually read as“yields”andeach chemical formula is separated from others by a plus sign (加号). Sometime s a triangle is drawn over the arrow symbol todenote energy must be addedto the substances for the reaction to begin. Each chemical formula may be preceded by a scalar(数量的) coefficientindicating the proportion (比例) of that substance necessary to produce the reaction in formula. Forinstance, theformula for the burning of methane(CH4 + 2O2 →CO2 + 2H2O) indicates that twice as much O2 as CH4 is needed, and when they react, twiceas much H2O as CO2 will be produced. This is because during the reaction,each atom of carbon needs exactly two atoms of oxygen to combine with, to produce the CO2, and every twoatoms of hydrogen need an atom of oxygen tocombine withto produce theH2O. If the proportions of the reactantsare not respected, when they are forced toreact, either not all ofthe substance used willparticipate in the re action, or the reaction that will take place willbe different from the one notedin the equation.. 什么是化学反应 一个化学反应发生在物质(反应物)碰撞有足够的能量去重新排列,形成不同的化合物(产品)。当反应发

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