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阅读文本：

The Amazon River basin in South America contains the greatest diversity of life on Earth. Ironically, it has never been an ideal place for large groups of humans to live. In fact, historically, only small groups have managed to survive in the unforgiving rainforest that encompasses the entire area.

The Amazon Rainforest contains abundant plant and animal life yet is incapable of supporting sizable human populations. One reason for this is the poor quality of the soil, which is acidic in nature. Therefore, while farmers can raise crops such as corn and beans for one or two seasons, after that, the soil becomes so depleted that nothing else will grow in it. Even today, when more advanced farming methods are available, not enough food can be grown to support a large number of people in the Amazon.

In the past, there was a lack of sources of protein, which humans need to survive, in the Amazon. Food animals such as cows and sheep only appeared in South America when the Europeans imported them in the 1500s. Even after being introduced to the land, there were never big herds of animals because the poor soil and jungle-covered land could not produce sufficient food to support them.

Three great civilizations once lived in the Americas: the Mayas, Incas, and Aztecs. None of them resided in the Amazon. Additionally, the people in all three civilizations constructed stone buildings. Stone was the primary building material for their palaces and temples, which humans in ancient cultures virtually always constructed. Yet there is little stone that can be used for construction anywhere in the Amazon. Likewise, no palaces and temples have been discovered or unearthed by archaeologists, which makes it unlikely that any human settlements of considerable size ever existed there.

阅读要点：

观点：Only small groups have managed to survive in the unforgiving rainforest that encompasses the entire area.

极少数的人能够在整个热带雨林地带生存下来。

1、The Amazon Rainforest contains abundant plant and animal life yet is incapable of supporting sizable human populations. One reason for this is the poor quality of the soil, which is acidic in nature.

亚马逊热带雨林环境下的动植物不能够养活更多的人，因为当地糟糕的酸性土壤。

2、In the past, there was a lack of sources of protein, which humans need to survive, in the Amazon.

过去，亚马逊雨林附近没有人们生存所需的蛋白质。

3、no palaces and temples have been discovered or unearthed by archaeologists, which makes it unlikely that any human settlements of considerable size ever existed there.因为考古学家并未在亚马逊河流附近发现宫殿和神庙，所以说，那里不可能有很多人生存过。

听力要点：

观点：曾经有一些人在亚马逊居住过。

1、The Amazon has plenty of vegetation that could easily support large numbers of people. After all, many species of edible plants, including nuts, berries, citrus fruits, bananas, and pineapples, grow in the jungle.亚马逊有丰富的食物资源：蔬菜，水果，坚果等随处可见。

2、And don’t forg et that the Amazon is home to huge numbers of animals, which could have provided protein for humans.亚马逊是很多动物的居住地，鱼、鸟、爬行动物以及哺乳动物很多都生存在这里。

3、The Amazon would have supplied an abundant amount of wood that people could have constructed buildings with.人们用亚马逊的树木建造房屋，所以看不到宫殿和神庙的踪迹。

SAMPLE ESSAY

①The lecturer contends that there is a possibility that a sizable ancient civilization in the Amazon once existed. With three pieces of evidence,②the lecture directly contradicts the reading passage’s claim that no large human population could have resided in the area.

First, plenty of vegetation, including nuts, berries, and citrus fruits, would have offered enough food for large human settlements. Though the majority of the soil is acidic, parts of the Amazon are quite fertile, which makes farming feasible. In addition, ash from volcanic eruptions adds nutrients to the soil. ③This refutes the reading passage’s claim that the poor quality of soil would have made it difficult for enough vegetation to grow to supply a large group of humans with food.

④In addition, the lecturer says that many animals in the area can provide humans with protein. The Amazon River holds a lot of fish that can support protein for humans. Moreover, there are a great number of birds, reptiles, and mammals; resultantly, the diversity of animals is adequate to supply food for a sizable group of humans. ⑤This argument casts doubt on the reading passage’s claim that poor soil and

jungle-covered land cannot provide food animals with the necessary amount of food and that hence it is difficult for humans to ingest enough protein from animals.

Finally, though there is little stone, the availability of a lot of wood makes it possible for a large human population to dwell in the Amazon. According to the professor, no buildings have been found because of the hot and humid weather and the density of the vegetation in the jungle. ⑥This refutes the idea mentioned in the reading passage that the lack of palaces or temples proves that no huge civilization dwelled in the Amazon.

闪光词汇：

vegetation['v?d??'te??n]n.植被;植物，草木

fertile['f?tl]adj 富饶的，肥沃的;能生育的

reptile['r?pta?l]n. 爬行动物;卑鄙的人

范文中可以提取出来作为模板的句子：

①The lecturer contends that……

②The lecture directly contradicts the reading passage’s claim that……

③This refutes the reading passage’s claim that……

④In addition, the lecturer says that……

⑤This argument casts doubt on the reading passage’s claim that……

⑥This refutes the idea mentioned in the reading passage that……

以上就是前程百利小编整理的托福真经4的综合写作的题目解析，希望大家在自己平时备考过程中，也能养成积累的好习惯，在托福考试中取得高分。

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托福综合写作的阅读听力部分如何应对

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听力环节的笔记很重要，是决定综合写作能否顺利完成的关键因素。没有经过训练或者疏于练习的同学会对于该记什么无从下手，结果就是笔记做了，自己看不懂，或者笔记太过凌乱，毫无可利用性。要知道听力该记什么怎么记，此时应当牢记心里的仍然是西方人的逻辑性。"总分"表明了在听力的开始段是表明说话者立场和论点的，那么按照我们之前分析的，阅读和听力必然是同主题，所以听力开始时候大家不必忙着乱记一通，事实上，什么都不用写，镇定情绪，听清说话者的立场即可。接着，和阅读中相似，说话者会从三个方面阐述支持自己的观点，很多情况下，这三点和阅读中的三点是刚好契合一一对应的。但听力三方面的分论据往往是从阅读中无法推断的，所以分论点及论据是需要同学进行笔记的，应当记的是key words，切忌洋洋洒洒想记全一句话，最后自己也难以读懂。托福综合写作高分还需要提升记忆容量

如何复习托福写作之独立写作~

上次跟大家谈到了综合写作的复习，今天来说说独立部分。说到独立写作，就不得提到众所周知的“机经”。所谓“机经”，是指考过托福的同学通过回忆还原出来的托福考试原题，通常听说读写四部分都有，但是最有价值的，当然是口语和写作这两个主观题的独立部分。尤其是提前知道作文题目，确实是件振奋人心的事。“机经预测”源自于2007年，一部分细心的老师发现大陆的托福考题经常重复北美考过的老题，而且这种重复呈现出一定的规律性，于是，中国大陆的托福考试界拉开了“机经预测”的大幕，并涌现出众多风云人物，在这里不一一列举。07年至11年，多少学生因为机经而改变命运，我自己的学生里就有很多例子，甚至也出现过三个月之内从19分到71分的奇迹。然而，2011年9月，ETS忍无可忍，开始改变出题的逻辑，使得机经预测连续“扑空”，直到几个月后，“机经预测”才慢慢再次步入正轨，只是范围比以前要更大，一个月一般有20-30套，命中的概率也不如以前。那么，现在准备考托福的同学到底该怎么使用机经呢？首先，大家应该忘掉机经本身，专注于我们最终的目的——托福写作。这正像学习听力的同学应该专注于托福听力本身，而不是漫无目的地疯狂听写一样。托福独立写作底考什么，满分文章到底需要什么，才是我们应该首先搞清楚的问题。下面我们来说说托福考试独立写作的出题模式。总的来说，有两种主要出题形式： 1、Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? XXX 2、Some people prefer to XXX, while others like to XXX. Which do you prefer? 其中，第一种最常见，大约占80-90%，这种题目要么agree，要么disagree，没有中间状态，但是需要注意的是，不管是“完全不同意”还是“不完全同意”都是不同意。比如，问题说：Do you agree or disagree? If parents want their children to do well at school, they should limit the time that their children spend on watching TV. 写的时候就可以完全不同意，因为Limiting children will only create problems instead of inviting better performances. 而如果问题是：Do you agree or disagree? Advice from our grandparents is no longer useful, for the world has changed so much over the past 50 years. 写的时候就可以说some of their advice may be no longer useful due to the rapid social or technological changes, but they can still provide valuable suggestions in many ways since they have experienced many things that we are experiencing today. 这就叫不完全同意，也属于disagree的范畴。另外，如果问：Do you agree or disagree? A is more important than B. 也是可以写不同意的，接着证明A and B are equally important. 这种立意经常被同学们理解为“中立”，其实还是属于disagree的范畴。下面，我们来分析独立写作的评分细则：

新托福写作真经4test5-独立写作解析

新托福写作真经4test5-独立写作解析新托福写作真经4是新托福真经系列中比较新的一本书。是在之前新托福真经1-3的基础之上，汇集了托福写作的各类题目。本书共包括24套写作题目，不仅有独立写作还有综合写作的内容。此外，综合写作部分还有听力的音频。内容非常的详细，今天前程百利小编和大家分享的是新托福写作真经4test5的独立写作的题目。内容从题目分析，万能理由的使用以及范文素材的整理等。希望可以帮助每一位备考托福的小伙伴。 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should take time off from work to relax with hobbies or physical activities that are very different from what they do at work. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.你赞成还是反对下面的命题?人们应该从工作中解脱出来，做一些和在单位做的工作不同的爱好或运动来休息。请叙述具体的理由，并用例子来支持自己的观点。第一部分：题目分析第一：分类:工作类第二：适用于本题目的万能理由 1、压力具体方面：压力大或小; 例如：Working together is better than working alone. Agree：一起工作有助于减轻压力; 其他角度：互相帮助，提高效率;增进交流能力;有助于个人的提升; 2、成就感具体方面： ?对未来工作的影响，或与以后工作的关联; 例如：People will feel happier when they finish a challenging or difficult work than they finish an easy work. Agree：做挑战性的工作获得成功后成就感更强; 其他角度：完成挑战性工作让自己学到的东西多;完成挑战性工作让自己对未来更自信; 3、健康"具体方面：有利于、或不利于身体健康; 例如：A job with more vacation time is better than that with high salary but less vacation time.

托福综合写作万能模板：IBT综合写作模板

托福综合写作万能模板：IBT综合写作模板 In this listening material, the professor made several points about ____________. First of all / Moreover / Furthermore, the professor states / claims / argues / discusses / mentions / talks / indicates / says / contends / raises the issue / demonstrates / makes the point / holds / believes / shows that __________________, while the reading passage (反对)contradicts / departs from / refutes / disagrees with / opposes to the writer’s expectation / casts doubt on / presents a (totally) different idea / jeopardizes / differs from / on the contrary / makes the explanation seem less likely / in contrast /(支持)supports / illustrates / strengthens / agrees with / bolsters / (perfectly) reinforces / presents the same view that ____________.

托福TPO13综合写作阅读+听力原文+满分范文【雷哥托福】

托福TPO13综合写作阅读+听力原文+满分范文【雷哥托福整理】在备考托福写作的过程中，总是将托福的独立作文放在了第一位，但是实际上，综合作文也是占到了作文总分30分里面的50%的分值，不要等到分数出来了，才发现其实是综合作文的limited或者fair极大的影响了自己的分数。考过的同学会发现托福综合作文分数不高，很大程度上是受我们听力实力的影响，我们很多托福考生的听力分数只有16分上下的时候，对于托福综合作文的听力妥妥的是束手无策，而且很多托福考生还感觉自己都听懂了，那也只能说明你听懂了大意，但是听力里面要的是每一个细节！请注意，是每一个细节！雷哥托福小托君给大家分享TPO1-33综合作文部分的阅读和听力文本全集与综合作文的满分作文，以及满分作文的解析。如果自己的托福综合作文分数如果可以很给力的话，就已经搞定了15分的分数，可极大地缓解托福独立作文的压力。文末教你如何使用这个材料。TPO13 综合写作听力+阅读原文 Reading Private collectors have been selling and buying fossils, the petrified remains of ancient organisms, ever since the eighteenth century. In recent years, however, the sale of fossils, particularly of dinosaurs and other large vertebrates, has grown into a big business. Rare and important fossils are now being sold to private ownership for millions of dollars. This is an unfortunate development for both scientists and the general public. The public suffers because fossils that would otherwise be donated to museums where everyone can see them are sold to private collectors who do not allow the public to view their collections. Making it harder for the public to see fossils can lead to a decline in public interest in fossils, which would be a pity.

托福写作常见错误你犯过么

托福写作常见错误你犯过么? 考生们在自己复习托福写作的时候，因为没有系统专业的辅导，很有可能在很多方面都存在着托福写作的误区。下面就把托福作文中有可能出现的误区为大家总结出来。错误一：在准备TWE185题库或者准备Barron、delta、longman等辅导材料的题目。新托福写作题目都是现在新托福考试的真题的题目，但是很多考友发过来的文章是TWE的185题库，或者是Barron、delta、longman的题目，这些题目不是说没有价值，而是现在这些材料已经被证明与现行的新托福考试不能完全接轨了，尤其是当我们看到kaplan里面的某些题目，竟然是在讨论诸如爱情之类的问题的时候，我们只能感叹某些参考书的专业度实在需要极强。那么TWE185就完全没有价值了么?当然不是，在新托福刚刚出现的时候，人们就已经

发现其实新托福考试之中的很多口语题目就是出自于原来的TWE的185题库，因此拿原来老托福的185题库来准备我们现在的口语是非常合适的，但是如果你仍然在用这些TWE185题目在准备现在的独立作文的话，那么只能说你已经站在起跑线的后面了。错误二：字数越多越好。当我们单纯地看到“字数越多越好”的时候，可以说这是有一定的道理的，因为如果你的字数越多，那么就越能更好的阐明自己的观点，但是很多考友特别喜欢将这种思路发挥到极致。要知道其实托福作文如果能达到350字-450字就已经很好了，只要达到这个范围内基本上就不会对你的分数产生任何负面的影响了。错误三：托福写作备考刚开始，就要限定时间。当我们刚刚开始准备作文的时候，由于国内英语教育只注重输入而不注重输出的特点决定了，我们现在国内的很多考友们，有可能在真正准备新托福考试的作文之前从来都没有写过几篇作文，因此当面对托福考试这么多字数的要求的时候，常常会觉得自己无所适从。因此很多人，在准备不充分的情况下就限定自己一定要在规定的30分钟时间之内，完成托福作文。