自考英语二语法 U-8 不定式
本课主要语法点：动词不定式
在句子中不能作谓语，而是担任其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括动词不定式，分词和动名词。
1.不定式的语法功能：不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此他在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语。
1)作主语
如：T o speak English well is not an easy job.
说好英语不是一件容易的事情。
动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语放在谓语动词之后。
如：It is important to master English grammar.
掌握英语的语法是重要的。
2)作表语
如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children.
我们的计划是为孩子们再建一所学校。
His ambition is to become a successful scientist.
他的抱负是要成为一名成功的科学家。
3)作宾语
如：They decided to change their mind.
他们决定改变主意。
I can't afford to live in a detached house.
我住不起独门独院的房子。
注：a)不定式短语作宾语时，如果还有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语。
如：I find it interesting to study English.
我觉得学英语很有趣。
b)动词不定式也可以作某些形容词短语的宾语。这些形容词有：ready, eager, anxious, able, sure, glad, afraid, pleased等。
如：They are anxious to learn how to swim.
他们渴望学会游泳。
c)动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但是不定式之前如有疑问词，就可以作介词的宾语。
如：Professor Wang gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.
王教授给了一些如何学习外语的建议。
d) 有些动词可以跟疑问词+不定式作宾语
如：I don't know what to do next.
我不知道下一步该做什么。
4)作宾语补足语
动词不定式可用作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。
如：My English teacher advised me to buy a better dictionary.
我的英语老师建议我买一本好的词典。
注：在feel, hear, listen to, look at, observe, see, watch, make, have, let等动词后面，复合宾语中动词不定式的标记to通常被省略。动词help后面的to可以省
略也可以保留。
如：I saw her enter the cinema.
我看见她进了电影院。
We must have someone repair the computer.
我们必须让人来修这台电脑。
He helps the little girl (to) finish her homework everyda.
他每天都帮助这个小女孩完成她的家庭作业。
5)作定语
动词不定式作定语放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。
如：Her desire to win was apparent.
她的求胜愿望显而易见。
She was the only one to get a scholarship.
她是唯一得到奖学金的人。
注：a)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。
如：She is looking for a room to live in.
她在寻找一间房子住。(live是不及物动词，后面加相应的介词)
I need a pen to write with.
我需要一支笔写字。(pen是write动作的工具，在write后面加介词)
但是如果不定式修饰的名词是time, place或way, 不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。
如：He had no place to live.
他没有居住的地方。
That's no way to talk.
不应这样谈话。
b)在there+be这一句型中，动词不定式作定语时可能出现动词不定式的被动式，其含义和主动式基本相同。
如：There are many books to read/ to be read.
有好多书要读。
但是当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事情时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动式。
如：There's nothing to do.
意为无事可做，感到无聊。
There's nothing to be done.
意为某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。
c)被only, last, next，序数词，最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。
如：The next train to arrive is from New Y ork.
下一列到达的火车是从纽约开来的。
Clint was the only person to survive the air crash.
Clint 是这次空难事故中唯一的幸存者。
6)作状语
a)动词不定式作目的状语：
如：He went to America to learn English.
他去美国学习英语。
为了强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可以用in order to或so as to.
如：She reads China Daily every day in order to/so as to improve her English.
她每天读《中国日报》提高她的英语水平。
in order to 为于句首或句中均可，so as to不能为于句首。
b)动词不定式作结果状语：
不定式作结果状语时，往往仅限于几个具有终止含义的动词，learn(得
知),find(发现)，see(看见)，hear(听见)等。
如：He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside.
他回家后才知道他的儿子已去了乡下。
不定式用在too…to和enough结构中表示结果
如：He is old enough to join the army.
他够参军的年龄了。
He is too short to reach the top of the shelf.
他太矮了，够不着书架的顶层。
某些形容词如：anxious, delighted, easy, kind, pleased, ready, willing 等，在too…to结构中，没有否定的含义，而是表示肯定。
如：He is too ready to find fault.
他老是爱挑毛病。
在not, only, all, never, but等后的too…to结构，too的含义为very,不定式没有否定含义。
如：It is never too late to learn.
活到老，学到老。
动词不定式和only连用时，表示未预料到的结果。
如：He went to the station hurriedly only to find the train had left.
他匆匆地赶到车站，却发现火车已经离开了。
2.动词不定式的复合结构
动词不定式的复合结构for+名词或代词宾格+动词不定式，在这种结构中，for 后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语。
如：It is necessary for us to learn from each other.
我们必须互相学习。(不定式作主语)
What we want is for you to understand the matter clearly.
我们所希望的是你更清楚地了解这件事。(不定式作表语) We consider it necessary for him to do the job alone.
我们认为很有必要他独自做那项工作。(不定式作宾语) There is a lot work for us to do.
有很多工作要我们去做。(不定式作定语)
The text is too long for us to learn by heart.
课文太长，我们背不下来。(不定式作状语)
注：有些表示人或事物性质、特征的形容词的不定式复合结构是of+名词或代词宾格+动词不定式
如：It is very kind of you to help him every day.
每天帮助他，你真好。
It is brave of you to do that.
你那样做真勇敢。
3.疑问词what, who, which, when, where, how和连接词whether之后，可以跟带to的不定式，构成一个特殊的动词不定式短语，可以在句中作主语，宾语和表语。
如：How to solve the problem is very important.
如何解决这个问题是很重要的。(主语)
He didn't know what to say.
他不知道该怎么说。(宾语)
The question is where to find the source of water.
问题是在什么地方能找到水源。(表语)
4.不带to的不定式
1)在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, let, have等动词后面，动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式符号to通常省略。
2)在would rather…than, would sooner…than, rather than, had better等结构中
如：I would rather go than stay.
我宁愿走不愿意留下。
He insisted on going back to his work rather than stay in hospital.
他坚持要返回到工作岗位，而不再住院。
3)在以why引导的疑问句中不带to。
如：Why spend such a lot of money?
为什么花那么多钱?
4)在cannot but, cannot choose, cannot help but之后的不定式不带to.
如：I cannot but admire his courage.
我不得不钦佩他的勇气。
5) 不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后面的不定式不带to, 否则要带to。
如：The boy would do nothing but cry.
这个男孩只是哭。
I have no choice but to accept the fact.
除了接受这个事实之外，我别无选择。
6)某些习语中，如：make believe(假装)，let go (放开，释放)，hear say(据说)，go hang (忘却)等。
如：The children are making believe that they are princes and princesses.
孩子假装他们是王子和公主。
7)两个动词不定式由and, or 或than连接在一起，为了避免重复，第二个动词不定式可以省去。
如：I'd like to lie down and go to sleep.
我想躺下睡觉。
但是如果是两者的对照，后面的不定式不省to.
如：It is better to laugh than to cry.
笑比哭好。
第二部分巩固练习
用括号中动词的适当形式填空
1.The boy was made ______ (sing) the song once again.
2.Don't make children _________ (work) too hard.
3.They would rather _______ (die) than ______ (surrender).
4.He could not choose but to________ (love) her.
5.She could do nothing but _________ (change ) her name under the circumstances.
6.He had his son _________ (play)the violin three hours a day.
7.There was nothing to do except _______ (escape).
8.He has not alternative but _______ (go ) and ask his sister for help.
9. -----What can you see in the park?
-----I can see birds ________ (fly ) in the sky and sometimes I can see people _______ (do) shadowboxing.
自考英语二重点语法知识讲解
重点语法知识讲解 1．动词的时态和语态 动词的时态和语态一览表 时态语态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时 主动被动 do are done did were done will do will be done 现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时 主动被动 are doing are being done were doing were being done will be doing现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时 主动被动 have done have been done had done had been done will have done will have been done 现在完成进行时 主动被动 have been doing 1．1 现在完成时 发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在，或对现在仍有影响。 现在完成时的标志： so far， by now/ up to now，for three years， since 1995， in the past two decades 1.2 过去完成时 过去的过去。 1）said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。 He missed the train. He said he had missed the train. 2）hardly…when, no sooner… than句型中表示先发生的动作 No sooner had he got up than he received the call. 3）与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中
If I had tried harder, I would have won. I wish I had done better in the exam. 1.3 完成进行时 从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。汉语提示语：一直 The water has been running the whole night. 1.4 过去时 过去某一具体时间发生的事，不考虑与现在的关系。 过去时的标志：yesterday， in 1995， last week，in the nineteenth century，five years ago 等等。 2．非谓语动词 2.1 非谓语动词一览表 非谓语动词形式意义 现在分词 一般式 doing 主动 , 正在进行 被动式 being done 被动 , 正在进行 完成主动式 having done 主动 , 已经完成 完成被动式 having been done 被动 , 已经完成过去分词 done 被动 , 已经完成 动词不定式 一般式 to do 主动 , 将要进行 被动式 to be done 被动 , 将要进行 完成主动式 to have done 主动 , 已经完成 进行主动式 to be doing 主动 , 正在进行 2.2. 非谓语动词作状语
【全国自考历年真题10套】00831英语语法2014年4月至2019年4月试题
绝密★考试结束前 全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英语语法试题 课程代码：00831 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. How many ______ are there in the word “monotonous”? A. o B. oes C. o’s D. os 2. Do you think there’s any possibility of arriving at the gym by ______ bus and still having the time to play ______ basketball together? A./; / B. a; the C. the; / D./; the 3. Today, Mary learned in ______ school how to behave well at ______ table. A. the; / B./; / C. the; the D./; the 4. Listen, Diana. I don’t care if you ______ the bus this morning. But you ______ late for too many times. You're fired. A. have missed; came B. would miss; have come C. missed; have come D. are missing; came 5. It so happened that Mary’s car ______when Jack went to borrow it. A. repaired B. was being repaired C. was repaired D. had repaired
自考英语语法名词解释
Acronyms Acronyms is a word coined by putting together the initial letters of a group of words. Affixation A word formation approach that attaches morpheme – an affix to a base，which is a word with 1 or more affixes in it. Anaphoric reference前照应A demonstrative determiner with anaphoric reference is more likely to go with a non-restrictive relative clause Cataphoric reference 后照应A demonstrative determiner with cataphoric reference，which goes with a restrictive relative clause Collective nouns These are generally countable nouns，but even in the singular they refer to groups of people，animals or things. Compound A compound，the product of composition，and it is a lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word. Conversion The derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Coordination并列词Realized by coordinators （also termed coordinating conjunctions）which join units at the same level. Countable nouns Nouns that can take plural. Dangling participle:When the subject of participle is not expressed, it is normally to be the subject of the clause. It is usually poor grammar, and sometimes absurd, if this rule is broken: Trying to be quiet, the floor board creaked. But the rule is often broken when the subject is vaguely understood to be “one”, “we”, “you”, people in general. Determiner Words used in the premodification of noun phrase and put before any adjectives that premodify the head word of noun. Dynamic adjectives Many adjectives can also be used in the dynamic sense （be being a.）in predicative position to show subjective measurement or suggest a temporary state，implying the qualities can be controlled or restricted. （e.g. he is being rude） end-focus 尾部焦点under neutral conditions，the nucleus falls on the last element of the sequence as it is common that we process the information in a message to achieve a linear presentation form low to high information value. We refer to this as the principle of end-focus. ellipsis：省略leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute. Exclamation Express our impression，especially our surprise，excitement，amazement，etc. It doesn…t take S-V inversion.
00795自考综合英语二语法知识点
系动词 系动词，亦称连系动词（Link Verb）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，亦称补语（形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。英语除动词be 之外，还有一些动词也可以做系动词，如表示状态或情况的：keep, look, feel, appear, lie, remain, seem, stay, smell, sound, taste等；以及表示变化的：get, grow, turn, fall, run, become, go, 等。 1. to be 可以加在seem, prove, remain, appear 等系动词和其后的名词或形容词之间，但也可以省略。 E.g. The task proved (to be) impossible. E.g. They seem (to be) such friendly people, but they never replied to our invitation. 注意：在seem, appear 等词后，可加其他非to be 不定式，但这时他们不是系动词，而是不及物动词。 Courtesy, politeness, good manner? Call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand. 非人称代词it 做句子的形式主语 1. 代表不定式 E.g. It is absurd to be afraid under such circumstances. 2. 代表动名词 E.g. It is terrible trying to keep up with the Jones. 3. 代表that 引导的从句 E.g. It is plain to everyone that she was offended. 4. 代表wh- 引导的从句 E.g. As long as he finishes his work, it doesn’t matter when he comes to the office. 做句子的形式宾语 1. 代表不定式 E.g. They found it difficult to get along with him. 2. 代表从句 E.g. I think it best that you (should) stay with me. E.g. He soon made it clear why he had asked a conference. 用来改变句子结构，使句子某一成分得到强调
05年4月自考英语语法试题及答案已校
2005年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语语法试题 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Chose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter in the blank. 1. The task force is supposed_____. A. to be getting reinforced B. that to be getting reinforced C. to being got reinforced D. that been got reinforced 2. He muffled his voice to avoid_____. A. having been identified B. to be identified C. identified D. being identified 3._____, I would call him in advance. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you 4. The company encourages _____ uniforms. A. to wear B. wears C. wearing D. have worn 5. What is _____ story you have ever heard? A. funnier B. a funniest C. the funnier D. the funniest 6. You may take an oral or written exam _____ you prefer. A. according as B. according to C. if D. whether 7. The Tower of London, _____ so many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attraction. A. which B. there C. where D. from it 8. Pride and prejudice _____ never failed to characterize the aristocracy. A. had B. has C. have D. are 9. Not only the players and the coach but also the referee _____ responsible for the defeat. A. were B. was C. is D. are 10. How often _____ your car _____? I think it ought _____ twice a week at least. A. is … washed, to be washed B. is … washed, to wash C. is … washed, to have washed D. has … been washed, to be washed 11. The noise of the desks _____ could be heard out in the street. A. having been opened and closed B. opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to be opened and closed 12. I had hoped that Jennifer _____ a doctor, but she was not good at medicine. A. will become B. become C. would become D. becomes 13. Most people enjoy _____. A. to flatter B. to be flattered C. flattering D. being flattered 14. Congratulations on _____ to the university. A. having admitted B. being admitted C. admitting D. have admitted 15. As we went _____ in our investigation of the case, we had more evidence of a political conspiracy. A. far B. farther C. further D. farthest 16. _____ his immense fortune, he died a most unhappy man. A. Although B. With all C. With D. Because of 17. He takes no interest in studies; _____, he plays tennis all day. A. in short B. instead C. anyhow D. still 18. The factory was burned down last night; _____ many workmen were thrown out of employment. A. for this sake B. on that account C. in that case D. unfortunately 19. The old _____ usually self-conceited as age sometimes does tell. A. is B. will be C. are to be D. are 20. There _____ a tall building, several tennis courts and lots of non-deciduous trees on the center of the area. A. is B. are C. stand D. appears 二、选择填空题(本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分)
自考英语语法
本次语法串讲分三个部分，第一，方法篇；第二，命题特点分析；第三，重点章节复习。 第一、方法篇 自学考试英语专业《英语语法》科目是一门理论性和实践性都非常强的课程，旨在考核考生能否熟练掌握现代英语语法的基本理论和概念，掌握词的形态变化和用词造句的规则，以及组句成篇的一般形式和规律。 由于存在着英汉语言体系上的差异、教材的全英版和术语的生僻、语法本身乏味枯燥等外部因素，以及考生英语基础知识薄弱、精读和泛读的阅读数量尚未达到一定量因此不能将一些语法规则变成感性认识加以推演和归纳、甚至还有同学有畏难情绪，一旦跟不上就放弃，或者偷懒，不愿多做一些练习和多记一些概念解释，结果仅以一、二分之差没有及格，令人扼腕。 但是有志者事竟成，这句名言还没有过时。我们举几个成功的例子吧。 我教过的学生中有人刻意让自己爱上语法，首先，她克服困难，把全书通读一遍，可是有那么多不懂的单词和术语怎么办？她问我。我说，把它们暂时放在一边，然后通过例句猜测该词的含义，结果既记住了概念又结合了例句，相辅相成，直到掌握。 比如：什么是extraposition？这个词是由extra－（在……之外，额外）加position（位置），联想到appositive phrase（同位短语），appositive clause （同位语分句）等，那么从该词的外形上可以判定extraposition是“位置放在外围”。 它出现在我们教材中的《信息结构和强调》一章中，我们知道，突出强调信息的几种主要方法（postponement, fronting，inversion， cleaving，existential sentence）之一的后移又有三种后移的方法：passive voice, extraposition and discontinuity。从课本上我们看到这样的例句：To make fun of a disabled man is not funny at all. It is not funny at all to make fun of a disabled man. He found it annoying that his neighbor kept calling him by the wrong name. 你注意到这里有it出现在句中做形式主语和形式宾语，真正的主语和宾语在句末，然后，结合解释“When we re move a clausal subject or object to the final focal position, we use the anticipatory it to fill in the slot. Grammatically speaking, it is the formal subject or object while the extraposed clause is the real or notional subject or object. In function, the extraposed item can be subject or object; in form it can be finite or non-finite. 后移的结果就是满足了末尾重心（end-weight）的原则，达到强调的效果。
自考英语(二)考试大纲
2014年自考英语（二）考试大纲 一、课程的性质和设置目的 高等教育自学考试是一种个人自学、社会助学和国家考试相结合的高等教育形式。为适应新形势，提高自学效率、助学质量和考试效能，满足国家和社会对人才培养的需要，特制定本 课程考试大纲。 英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言。它不仅是英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等国的通用语言，也是许多非英语国家科学技术、外交、贸易、管理和文化等方面对外交流的通用语言。英语已成为名副其实的国际通用语言，它是我国实行对外开放，开展国际交流的重要工 具之一。 本课程名称为“英语（二）”，是高等教育自学考试各专业（英语专业除外）。本科阶段的 公共基础课。 本课程既是一门语言实践课程，也是拓宽知识、了解世界文化的重要素质课程，它以培养学习者的综合语言应用能力为目标，使他们在学习、工作和社会交往中能够使用英语进行有效的交流，并能学习和借鉴外国先进科学技术、经营方式、管理方法和优秀文化成果，同时向世 界展示我国建设和发展的成就。 本课程共14学分。 二、课程的基本内容 本课程以先进的外语教学理论为指导，建立适应时代要求的科学的课程体系。课程体系包括适合个人自学和社会助学的教材，并利用现代信息技术等手段搭建先进的教学平台，形成有 自考特色的公共英语教学体系。 本课程在完成“英语（一）”课程内容基础上，培养学生掌握系统的英语语言知识，包括正确的英语语音知识、系统的英语语法知识和一定的词汇量（4，500），并熟悉英语语言的表达 方式。 本课程强调在系统掌握英语语言知识的基础上开展大量综合语言实践活动，培养学习者掌握正确的学习策略，使其能理解多种场合、多种领域的普通语言材料，能够把握重点，进行概括和分析；能使用多种交际策略参与多种一般性话题的交流和讨论，表明自己的观点和态度，表达连贯，基本得体，为以后更高阶段的英语课程学习及在工作中使用英语奠定扎实的基础。
自考英语二复习资料
? UNIT 1 ? 重点单词和短语 ? objective accomplish predict accompany attain scheme skilled argue define ? interview prospect ? course of action in the way(by the way, in no way, in a way) make a guess at contribute to and the like (and so on) ? seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from…to … ? apply for (to) ? have no idea bring about take the trouble to do ? put oneself in one’s place ? to one’s advantage at a disadvantage ask for in hand turn down (up, on, off, out, over, back) ? 重点、难点句子详解 ? 1.A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. ? 解析：courses of action意思是行动方案、做事步骤；made是过去 分词；from among 为二重介词 ? 例：We’ll inform you as soon as tickets become _____. (06-4) ? A. valuable B. capable C. acceptable D. available (D) ? 2. … some suggest that the management process is decision making. ? 解析：suggest表示认为、提出、暗示意思，后面不用虚拟语气，表
自考 英语语法复习题
自学考试 英语语法复习题 单项选择题 Choose the best answer from the choices given. 1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _______ when he _____ at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived 2. By the time he was twelve, Edison_____ to make a living by himself. A. wouldn?t begin B. has begun C. had begun D. was begun 3. He ____ his leg when he ______ in a football match against another school. A. broke; played B. was breaking; was playing C. broke; was playing D. was breaking; played 4. The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office. A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left 5. Hello, I ____ you ____ in London. How long have you been here? A. don?t know; were B. hadn?t known; are C. haven?t known; were D. didn?t know; are 6. She can?t help ___ of her son. A. thinking B. to think C. to be thought D. have thought 7. The room was empty ___ a few chairs. A. except B. except for C. besides D. besides for 8. Four plus three ___ seven. A. equals B. equaled C. equaling D. equal 9. I?d rather that he ___ it blue. A. painted B. paint C. paints D. painting 10. The Browns ___ moving away on Saturday. A. is B. are C. will be D. has been 11. She said that it ___ snow. A. may B. can C. should D. might 12. Amy and her cousin just bought two new ___ coats. A. winters B. winter?s C. winters? D. winter 13. Today was ___ beautiful day that I couldn?t just keep myself indoors. A. a such B. such a C. a so D. so a 14. There is no decision ___ on your application. A. still B. so far C. yet D. thus far 15. I would appreciate ___ it a secret. A. that you keep B. you to keep C. your keeping D. that you will keep 16. Invite them only on those occasions ____ their late arrival will not cause you inconvenience. A. when B. that C. where D. which
2014年全国自考英语语法试题
全国2014年4月自学考试英语语法试题 课程代码：00831 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. How many ______ are there in the word “monotonous”? A. o B. oes C. o’s D. os 2. Do you think there’s any possibility of arriving at the gym by ______ bus and sti ll having the time to play ______ basketball together? A./; / B. a; the C. the; / D./; the 3. Today, Mary learned in ______ school how to behave well at ______ table. A. the; / B./; / C. the; the D./; the 4. Listen, Diana. I don’t care if you ______ the bus this morning. But you ______ late for too many times. You’re fired. A. have missed; came B. would miss; have come C. missed; have come D. are missing; came 5. It so happened that Mary’s car ______when Jack went to borrow it. A. repaired B. was being repaired C. was repaired D. had repaired 6. The president thought it essential that the university ______ general education as a foundation for students’ future development. A. stresses B. stress C. stressed D. would stress 7. ______ it not for water, this world would be a lifeless place. A. Were B. If C. Was D. Had 8. You ______ driven 70 miles an hour. Now tell me what we shall do with this speeding ticket? A. needn’t have B. couldn’t have C. mustn’t have D. shouldn’t have 9. He admitted ______ in love with the girl, but felt too shy to even meet her. A. to fall B. fell C. falling D. fallen 10. Did you see a middle-aged man with a scar on his face ______ the street just now? A. crossed B. cross C. crossing D. has crossed
自考00831现代英语语法复习资料【考前必看】
自考现代英语语法考前必看资料 第一部分：引言 《现代英语语法》是由李基安先生编写，全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会指定的全国高等教育自学考试教材。 关于这门课程的考试要求，可参见该教程第425所附录的《英语语法自学考试大纲》。大纲是方向、目标，广大考生必须仔细了解。 英语语法是关于英语语言结构的理论知识。通过该课程的学习，学员能够比较系统地认识英语从词，句到语篇的构造，从而提高他们应用英语的规范性。 在学习该教材时，学员普遍存在两种倾向：一是，由于该教材都是用英文编写，里面又涉及很多专业术语，许多学员觉得高深、难懂；二是，有些学员认为，自己从学英语开始就在学习英语语法，没有必要在这门功课上花太多的精力，所有的语法书都大同小异，自己稍做准备就能对付过去。 其实，两种看法都失偏颇。现代语法的发展与传统语法已经存在比较明显的差异，例如：传统语法认为，英语有九种（甚至十六种）时态，该教程则采取的是‘a system of two tenses and two aspects’—-—-—-两时两体体系。另外对phrases, clauses 的概念也有不同的定义。书中提到的一些其他语言现象，如：外位[extraposition], 分隔[discontinuity], 分裂句[cleft sentence]等都是一般语法书所不提及或者阐述不同。该教材也并非高深莫测，毕竟多数语言现象还是我们日常英语学习中所耳濡目染的，只不过我们许多英语学习者没有考究过它们形成的理论根据，来龙去脉而已。 所以，为了使自己的英语更加规范，让自己能用英语更准确、有效地传递信息、表达思想，英语专业的学生还是很有必要把这门课程学好。 现在我们就结合《现代英语语法》教材，近几年英语语法专业考试试题，讲述英语语法考试中考生容易忽略的测试要点或难点。 我们先通过几道语法题来检测你现有的现代语法水平，接着探讨一下该教材的学习方法，最后把教材各章的要点、难点归纳给大家。在整个讲解过程中，我们力争多采用教材里的素材以及往年试题中的一些经典考题，以便学员在学习、归纳语法现象的同时使自己的备考收效最大化。 先测试一下自己的现代语法水平(同时了解一下英语语法考试的题型、结构；每年考试形式基本相同，有些部分稍有调整。为了节省篇幅，这里各部分只选取几个样题)
自考英语英语语法基础材料句法
自考英语(一)英语语法基础材料： 考英语语法基础材料关于句法等相关知识 作者：林海时间：2011-10-18 15:08:26 来源：河北教育网浏览次数：16 非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。 Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用) 爬山是一项好运动。 Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用) 你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗? He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用) 他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别： 1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语) Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. 维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。 (to have a talk.... 不定式作状语) 2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Larke likes the pop music. 拉克喜欢流行音乐。 (动词用单数第三人称形式) Larke has nothing to do today.
自考英语二怎么学习
自考英语二怎么学习 自考英语二怎么学习1 词汇记忆方法 英语二词汇要求达到3800词，词组750.有的同学问是不是就只要背下册书的词汇就行了，回答是不够的，肯定是不够的，因为词汇没有说只考下册，上册也要背。但是有人说我短期内怎么记住这些大量的词汇呢?大家词汇学习第一个应该是有一定的时间，因为有的同学说一个星期或者两个星期教给你方法能够记住几千，他这个方法有点儿像变魔术，不太现实，我觉得词汇是一个积累。因为从心理学角度来讲学词汇有两个方向，一个方向是要把词汇学习的时候印象深刻，一个词能够像串葡萄似的串出一串来，比如同义词、反义词、近义词，应该把有关联的词相互记忆。第二，词汇一定得重复，从心理学角度学词必须这样。 自考英语二怎么学习2 学习重点 英语是一种语言，任何语言都是由词和句子构成的，所以光会了词，不会把这些词组成句子是不行的，因此怎么组成句子呢?得知道组成句子的规则，还有一些习惯用法，你必须要了解这种语言的文化，所以说学英语光学词是不行的，因此是除了学词以外还得学词的用法以及文化，习惯用法就是一种文化，死背根本记不住。为什么记不住?背的这个词应该是灵活的，怎么灵活呢?这个词首先要知道词性是什么，做个句子，学了一个词不会做句子造一个短语，还要大声的念，李阳疯狂英语为什么风靡全国，就是要把词大声地念出来，这样从耳朵里能够听进去的，对大脑的刺激比眼睛里看见的要强得多，所以学习词汇的一个技巧要大声念，要组一个词或者组一个短语，这样记忆比光看两遍、写几遍要好得多。 自考英语二怎么学习3
考前冲刺方法 最好的方法应该是做冲刺的题目，所谓冲刺的题目就是要做一些题目跟考试的真题一样的，每一部分都是给自己做测试，做模拟题，比如要设定时间是2个半小时，考试是2个半小时，你就要用2个 半小时做模拟卷然后做考试题，因为考试的真题都有答案，最后对 一下答案看得多少分。 自考英语二怎么学习4 考试如何安排考场时间 考试时间安排，总有最后的翻译题来不及做的这种情况，所以我跟大家讲主观性题目，我刚才说了有30%，一定要留出足够的时间，至少三分之一的时间来做。有一部分比较难的，就像完形填空，那 个只有10分，但是有大部分同学在那儿花的时间太多了，完形填空 一段文章是比较难的，把10个空填进去，如果耗费了很多时间不值得。因为完形填空一般的同学语法知识比较差的话，做不好这道题。但是像第一个题目词汇结构题，如果有一定的语法知识这道题应该 是可以拿到分的。再有阅读理解题，也是30分，有的同学最后来不 及把文章仔细看，就随便乱选了很容易选错，所以把三分之一的时 间一定要留给阅读理解，还有三分之一的时间留给主观性题目就是 翻译题。 注意事项 备考英语(二)最大的资本就是课本，考生最少要留一个月时间，把课文从头到尾复习一遍，力求吃透课本知识。 重复学习法当感到知识已经掌握得的差不多的时候，再重复学一次。这一次也许会获得更深的印象和更多的体会。 换位思考法在自学中，不要老是把你自己当成是“学生”，处于被动地位，而要不断的把自己摆放到“先生”的位置上，采取主动，产生不同的想法来。
自考英语英语语法基础材料句法
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。 Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用) 爬山是一项好运动。 Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用) 你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗? He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用) 他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别： 1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语) Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。 (to have a talk.... 不定式作状语) 2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Larke likes the pop music. 拉克喜欢流行音乐。 (动词用单数第三人称形式) Larke has nothing to do today. 拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形) 非谓语动词的特征： 1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。 Studying English is my favorite. 学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语) To help him is my duty. 帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语) 2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。 Working under such a condition is terrible.