英语中常用的连词

英语中常用的连词

No matter whether he had been invited or not, he was there to celebrate Wu You's birthday. 无论他是否被邀请参加，他去了就是为了庆贺吴莜的生日。

对于whether... or not前是否能用no matter，部分学生感到疑惑。他们说，见过no matter who, no matter what, no matter how, no matter where, no matter when等，没见过no matter whether... or not。可见，对于no matter的用法他们只知其一，不知其二。

针对这一情况，笔者特将no matter的用法归纳、整理如下。

1. 词组no matter可独立成句，也可在句中担当成分。如：

1) No matter! 不要紧！

2) No matter, I'll go myself. 不碍事，我自个儿去。

3) No matter if they do not take this factor into consideration. 如果他们不考虑这个因素，那无关紧要。

4) It is (of ) no matter. (no matter在句中作表语或of的宾语。) 这无关紧要。

5) I had something to say, but it's no matter. 我本来有句话要说，但不是很重要。

2. 词组no matter在it作形式主语、真正主语位于句末的句子中作表语。如：

1) It is no matter that he didn't phone. 他没打电话没关系。

2) It made no matter to him that his brother lost all his money. 他哥哥把所有的钱都弄丢了，这对他来说是无关紧要的。

3) It's no matter whether you get there early or late. 不论你到那里早或晚都无关紧要。

3. no matter与疑问词who, what, where, when, how, if, whether等连用，意为“无论，不管”。如：

1) Don't open the door, no matter who comes. 不管谁来都别开门。

2) Don't trust him, no matter what he says. 无论他说什么，都别相信他。

3) No matter where you work, you can always find time to study. 无论你在哪里工作，你都能找到时间学习。

4) No matter when and how the invaders come, they will be wiped out clean. 无论侵略者什

么时候来，怎样来，他们必将被消灭得一干二净。

5)—Are you going home? 你回家吗？

—Not yet. No matter how hard I work, there is always more to do. 还不行。不管我干得多么卖力，总是有做不完的工作。

6) Mary wanted to get to school on time, no matter if she went without breakfast. 玛丽就是不吃早餐也要准时赶到学校。

7) No matter whether it is light or dark at that hour, we've decided to leave at five o'clock in the morning. 不管到时候是否天亮，我们都已决定早晨5点离开。

no matter who (what, when, where, how, whether等)引导的从句通常在句中作状语，表示让步，但有时也可在句中作宾语。如：

8) The man who is lazy radiates laziness in no matter what situation he be observed. [no matter what situation he be observed 在句中作in的宾语。另外，该从句中的谓语用了虚拟语气现在时(即动词原形)〕不管什么情况下观察他，那个懒汉都显得很懒。

4. 有时，no matter what, no matter who, no matter when等可用于句末或句中。如：

1) We have to get to the airport on time, no matter what. 我们无论如何也要准时赶到机场。

2) They're going to win no matter what. 他们无论如何都要赢。

3) Anyone, no matter who, may point out our shortcomings. 不管是什么人，都可以指出我们的缺点。

5. 有时，在no matter what引出的从句中要省略谓语动词。如：

1) No matter what the excuse, you must not be late. 不管有什么借口，你一定不要迟到。英语中的连词主要分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或从句。

常见的表示语义引申的并列连词有：

1. and

Justice is on your side. And justice will triumph over injustice. 正义在你们一边，而正义是会战胜非正义的。

2. neither... nor

She could neither speak the language nor write it. 这种语言她既不会说，也不会写。

3. both... and

A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。

4. not only... but also

We should not only be bold, but also be cautious. 我们不仅要大胆，而且要谨慎。

5. as well as

I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. 我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。表示选择的并列连词有：

1. or

You may do it yourself, or ask someone else to do it. 你可以自己做或者让别人做。

2. either... or

I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 我不是把它放在桌子上了，就是放在抽屉里了。除了表示选择外，or和either... or还可以表示否定的条件：

1) Now I must go or (if not) I shall be late for the party. 我现在得走了，否则晚会我就要迟到了。

2) You'll either behave yourself, or you'll never go out with me. 你要么老实点，要么就永远不能跟我一起出去。

表示转折或对比的并列连词有：

1. but

He tried hard but he was unsuccessful. 他做了很大努力但没有成功。

2. yet

The car was old, yet it was in excellent condition. 这辆车子很旧，但仍处于良好的状态。

3. however

She felt ill. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate. 她病了。然而她照旧去上班，

并且尽力集中精神工作。

4. nevertheless

I don't know anything against that man; nevertheless I don't trust him. 我对那个人没有什么不良的看法，但我不能信赖他。

表示因果关系的并列连词有：

1. for

You'd better put on your sweater, for it's rather cold outside. 你最好把毛衣穿上，外边相当冷。

2. so

My sister is expecting me，so I must be off now. 姐姐在等我，因此我得走了。

3. therefore

You are right, therefore we should support you. 你是对的，所以我们应当支持你。

4. hence

I fell off my bike yesterday—hence the bruises. 我昨天骑自行车摔倒了——所以青一块、紫一块的。

从属连词是用来引导从句的。

引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：

1. when

There was prolonged applause when he began to speak. 他开始讲话时响起了经久不息的掌声。

2. while

We should strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。

3. as

As (When) he entered, the hall burst into thunderous applause. 当他进来时，全场发出雷鸣般的掌声。

4. after

After I visit Shanghai I'll travel up the Yangtze. 访问上海之后，我将溯长江而上。

5. before

It would be months before he was fit for the work. 要过好几个月他才能适应工作。

6. since

It is just a week since we arrived here. 我们到这里才一个星期。

7. until (till)

I shall stay here until (till) I've completed my studies. 我要在这里待到学习结束为止。

8. as soon as

As soon as he got well, he went back to work. 他病一好就回去上班了。

9. once

Once he said that, I knew he was lying. 他一说这话我就知道他在撒谎。

引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：

1. because

He failed because he was too careless. 因为他太粗心，所以失败了。

2. as

As it was already rather dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night. 因为已经相当晚了，我们决定在庙里待一夜。

3. since

Since you don't want to go, we won't force you to. 既然你不愿意去，我们也不勉强你。4. now that

Now that you are all back, we'd better start the work right away. 你们既然都回来了，我们最好马上就开始工作。

5. considering (that)

They did the job quite well considering (that) they had no experience. 考虑到他们没有什么经验，这项工作他们已经干得不错了。

6. seeing that

Seeing that (Since) nobody was very enthusiastic about it, they decided to cancel the trip. 由于都没有很高的热情，他们决定取消这次旅行。

引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：

1. if

If you can do it, so can I. 你要是能办到，我也能办到。

2. even if

We wouldn't lose heart even if we should fail ten times. 我们就是失败十次也不灰心。

3. unless

I won't go unless you want me to. 除非你要我去，否则我是不会去的。

4. in case

We'd better take our raincoats in case it should rain (rains). 我们最好把雨衣带着以防下雨。

5. provided /providing (that)

I'll come provided (providing) (that) you let me know in good time. 你要是及时通知我是会来的。

6. suppose/supposing (that)

Suppose (Supposing) (that) he won't agree, what shall we do? 假如他不同意，我们怎么办？

7. as (so) long as

You may use the room as long as you keep it clean. 只要保持清洁你可以用这个房间。

8. on condition (that)

I'll lend you the book on condition (that) you return it on Monday. 只要你能在星期一还我，

这本书我就借给你。

引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：

1. although / though

Everybody worked with great enthusiasm although/though the weather was extremely cold. 虽然天气很冷，大家工作得非常起劲。

2. even if (though)

Even if I have to walk all the way I'll get there. 即使我得一路走着去，我也要去那里。

引导比较状语从句的从属连词有：

1. than

We have produced 20% more cotton this year than we did last year. 我们今年棉花产量比去年高百分之二十。

2. as (so)...as

He doesn't play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。

引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：

1. lest

She explained again and again lest people should misunderstand her. 她一再解释唯恐人们误解。

2. so that

Speak clearly so that we may understand you. 讲话要清楚，以便我们能听明白。

3. in order that

He assigned us some books to read at home in order that (so that) we might have a deeper understanding of the subject. 他指定几本书给我们回家看，以便我们对这一主题有一个较深的了解。

引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：

1. so...that

She was so moved that tears came to her eyes. 她感动得热泪盈眶。

2. such...that

It was such a boring speech that I fell asleep. 演讲枯燥乏味，听得我都睡着了。

引导名词性从句的连词有三个：(1)that (本身无意义)，(2)whether (or not)，(3)if。例如：That they will refuse the offer is unlikely. 他们不太可能会拒绝这个建议。

I don't know whether (=if) these figures are accurate. 我不知道这些数字是否精确。

需要注意的是：whether (or not) 可引导大部分名词性从句；if仅可引导宾语从句，而且不可跟or not。例如：

Whether (≠if) they will come or not won't make much difference. 他们来不来关系不大。

I wonder if (=whether) she has received our telegram. 我不知道她是否收到了我们的电报。连词是一种起连接作用的词。它用来把单词；短语或句子连在一起。连词按其性质分为两大类；并列连词和从属连词。

1. 并列连词并列连词用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词；短语或句子。并列连词包括：基本并列连词如and, or , but , 关联连词如either...or , neither...nor , not only...but also ,both ...and, whether...or 等；介于并列连词与从属连词之间的连词；介于并列连词与从属连词或介词之间的结构如as well as , as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等；此外还有些'半连接词'，一些语法学家把它们称为连接副词，如nevertheless, however, meanwhile, otherwise, likewise 等，它们在句中做连接性状语。这类连词主要是从逻辑上，而不是从形式上连接句子，其关系比较松散。

1) 表示意义转折和对比的并列连词

常见的有：but , while, whereas, still, yet , nevertheless, likewise, anyway , only 等。例如：

The bike was quite old but in excellent condition. （转折）

It never rains but it pours. （对比）

能表示上述转折概念的还有conversely , on the contrary, by this time, all the same , fortunately, on the other hand , in the meantime 等词语。

2) 表示选择的并列连词

常见的有：or, whether...or, either...or, otherwise 等。例如：

You can stay at home or go to the cinema.

Heat the water, otherwise it will freeze.

You may either stay here or go with us.

Whether in school or at home, Jim is always cheerful.

Either ...or 和whether...or 表示选择，其意义比单用or 要强，但由whetrher...or 构成的并列结构一般只能担任句子的从属成分。上例中最后一句，whether...or 结构在句中担任句子的从属成分。Either ...or 和or 一样，可以连接两个并列的独立分句，而whether...or 则不可以。or 用于表示否定的条件意义时，有时可与连用。例如：

Hurry up, or else you'll miss the last bus.

Or 连接主语时，如主语都是单数，动词则取单数形式；如主语都是复数，动词则取复数形式，如果主语有的是复数，动词则取复数形式，如果主语有的是单数，有的是复数，动词的数则与它靠近的主语的数相一致。例如：

Either Tom or his sisters are coming.

连接两个主语时，动词的数也应与靠近他的主语的数相一致。例如：

Neither he nor I am a good student.

3) 表示因果意义的并列并列连词

常见的有：for ,so ,therfore ,hence ,thus, accordingly, consepuently, on that account, in that case 等。例如：

The fuel must have beeenfinished, for the engine stopped.

It rained , therefore the game was called off.

表示原因的并列连词只有for ，它所引导的分句只是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for 引导的分句只能置于句末，而且必须用逗号与前一分句隔开。上面所提到的so,therefore 等词，有的语法学家把它们做为连接性状语。

4) 表示联合关系的并列连词

常见的有：and, both...and, neither...nor, not only... but also 等。例如：

No man ,no animal, and no house is to be found on the island.

Without both money and talent, science would progress slowly.

Neither the students nor the teacher has read the paper.

Not only the students but also the teacher has been there.

从上述诸例可以看出，当neither...nor, not only ...but also 连接主语时，动词的数则与靠近它的主语的数相一致。Both ...and 不能连接两个以上的并列成分，也不能连接分句。例如：误：

Both Mary swept the floor and Nancy mopped it.

正：Mary swept the floor and Nancy mopped it.

5) 其它并列连词

常见的有：as well as, more than, rather than, no less than 等.

(1) as well as 表示'同' 和'也' 的意义

as well as 用作并列连词时它意义相当于not only...but also, 但侧重点在后一并列成分上而as well as 侧重点却在前一并列成分上,A as well as B=not only B but also A. 例如It is important for you as well as for me. 这件事不仅对我重要对你也很重要

(2) more than 表示而不是之意. 例如:

The manager, more than the trades union, is responsible for the present impasse. 目前的僵局应由经理而不是工会负责。

(3) rather than 表示'而不是' 之意. 例如:

It was what he meant rather than what he said.

I rather than he am to blame.

(4) no less than 表示' 同... 一样' 之意. 例如:

He no less than you is my friend.

从上述诸例可以看出当as well as ,more than, rather than, no less than 连接两个成分作主语时谓语动词应于第一个成分的数相一致. 在使用并列连词时我们应该注意:

(1) 并列连词不可以连用. 例如:

误She never said she was homesick, and but she was.

正She never said she was homesick, but she was.

误I gave him all he asked for, or but he is still not satisfied.

正I gave him all he asked for, but he is still not satisfied.

(2) 有些连接性状语副词可以和某些从属连词对应使用. 例如:

If the part is faulty, then replace it.

Just as the sun is the central body of the solar system, so the nucleus is the core of the atom. Although it was barely four o'clock, yet the lights were already on. 但although(though) 不能同but 连用如:

误Although it was barely four o'clock,but the lights were already on.

正Although it was barely four o'cloc,the lights were already on./It was barely four o'clock, but the lights were already on.

(3) 在for 或so that 引出的分句中如果主语与前一分句的主语所指相同其主语不可以省略. 同样, 如果第二个分句是由连接副词引出的其主语通常也不可省略. 例如:

误He shook his head, for thought differently.

正He shook his head ,for he thought differently.

误They were trying to save so that could buy a house.

正They were trying to save so that they could buy a house.

2. 从属连词

从属连词用来引导名词从句和各类的状语从句。

从属连词按词形分为简单从属连词，复合从属连词，关连从属连词。

1) 简单从属连词

常见的有：after, although, as, because, before, if, lest,once, since, that, till, unless, until, when, where, whether, while 等。例如：

I couldn't get a grant unless I had five years' teaching experience.

2) 复合从属连词

由两个或两个以上单词构成的从属连词，如：as if, as far as , as soon as, according as , in case , no matter who(how,what,when, where), rather than, for all that , given( that), in order that, now (that), on condition that , (so) that ,provided/providing(that), inasmuch as , insofar as 等。例如：

She was so moved that tears came to her eyes.

Forgive them, inasmuch as they are young.

3) 关联从属连词由两个关联构成的，如：as...as, nore(less,-er)...than, no sooner...than, so ...as , so...that,such...sa , the...the, whether...or 等，例如：

The easier, the better. She works harder than all of us.

使用从属连词时，应该注意

(1) 由从属连词引导的状语从句，其位置通常是可变的。例

I learned a lot of French while I was in Paris.

(2) 并列连词之间之前不可以加其它连词，而从属连词之前可以加并列连词；连接副词。例如：

I teach not because teaching is easy for me , but because I like the pace of the academic calendar.

使用连词时, 还应该注意:

1. because, for, since, as 的区别

because语气强, 表示客观必然原因：例如: He is absent, because he is ill. 因为生病，所以他没来。

比较:He is absent, for he is busy. （“生病”是“缺席”的必然原因，“忙”不是必然原因。）

for 语气轻,表示非客观必然的原因,是主观可改变结果的原因,甚至是猜测可能的原因:

He must be ill, for he is absent. “缺席”不一定是“生病”，只是交流猜测。

for 不能放句首,它是并列连词.

since, as 都是不讲自明的原因, 是已知的原因.

Since I am a boy, let me carry the case.

As you don't feel well,you had better stay at home.

1. 我不进去了,因为我爸爸在里面. I won't go in .for my father is there.

2. 昨晚一定是下雨了,因为地很湿. It must have rained last night,for the ground is web.

3. 地是湿的,因为昨晚下雨了. The ground is wet, because it rained last night.

4. 因为不高兴,他不想出去了. He diden't wanted to go out,f

or he was unhappy.

5. 既然你工作忙，你就不必跟我们一道去了。Since/As you are busy, you had better not go with us.

6. 他付给我比别人少的钱,因为我是个女的. He paid me less than the others, for I'm female.

7. 他付给我比别人少的钱,仅仅因为我是个女的. He paid me less than the others, only because I'm female.

8. 既然大家都在这,我们开始开会吧. Since everybody is here,let's begin our meeting.

2) when,while,as引导时间状语时的异同.

when,表示时间点,时间段都可以.如状语是短暂动作时,多用when,是时间段时则三个连词都可以.

When/While/As I was walking in the street,I met a friend of mine.

只能用when 的句型:

1. 放句中,主句是进行时,从句是短暂动作,表示这时突然

I was reading in the room, when a girl shouted for help.我正在房间看书，这时突然听到有一个女孩喊救命！

2. 从句是短暂动作:When I got up, I heard the bell ring. 当我起床的时候，我听见铃响了。

只能用while的句型:

1. 表示对立予盾的对比，这时while相当于but。

I am poor while you are rich.我很穷，你却很富有。

Tom is strong,while John is weak. 汤姆很强壮，而约翰很瘦弱。

2. 表示“趁着还来得及的时候,赶快....

趁热打铁.Strike while it is hot.

趁着老师还在教室,你赶快去问他吧. You should go to ask the teacher while he is still in.

只能用as的句型:

1. 一边....一边...稳定的动作当从句,不稳定的动作当主句

他一边洗澡一边吹口哨. He whistled as he had a bath.

我一边看书一边听音乐. I listened to music as I read.

2.正如....所知道,预料的一样.... as 在此是关系代词,不能用which代替.

正如众所周知的一样,地球是圆的. As everybody can see, the earth is round.

正如我们预料的那样，他失败了。He failed as we had expected.

正如我们所预料的一样,中国足球队赢了印尼. As we had expected, Chinese Football Team beat Indian.

3. 随着时间的发展,某事变得......

As thirty years passed by,my mother's hair became gray. 三十年过去了，妈妈的头发成了银色。As morden industry develops,more and more waste produces. 随着工业的发展，垃圾制造得越来越多。

3) as 与like的区别

1. 表示象...一样时, as接从句, like 接短语

Do everything as I do. 象我一样做。

He is/looks like his mother. 他长得像他妈妈。

2. as当介词接短语时,表示作为...不是象...一样的意思.like 当动词时,是喜欢的意思,不要搞混为象...

We should study as Lenin studied. 我们应该像列宁那样学习。

As a League Member,I should take everything in the lead. 作为一名团员，我应该起带头作用。

4) until

I'll not go untill the bell rings.

unless 条件I'll not go unless you go.除非你走我才走。

肯定句延续I waited untill he came 我一直等到他来。

He lived here until he was 90. 在90岁之前他一直住在这。

I didn't leave untill he came.直到他来我才走。

短暂not until

I won't stay with you unless you drive the dog out.除非你把狗赶跑，否则我不会和你呆在一起。

5) and, but, however, yet

顺趋势自然而然发展He studied hard and became a college student.

逆趋势转折He studied hard, but failed in the exam.

中间有逗号，语气轻用however He studied hard, however,he failed in the exam.

不能用but He studied hard, yet he failed in the exam.

Althought he studied hard, yet he failed in the exam.（yet可以与although，though连用，but 不能。

6) 就近原则，对称原则，附加不理原则

谓语动词就最近距离主语原则：

Either he or his parents (is, are) wrong.

Either you or he (is, are) wrong.

(Is, Are) you or he wrong?

连词后成分对称原则：

Both ....and, neither....nor, not only.....but also.......

She can (either sing, sing either)English songs or Chinese songs.

She can (either sing, sing either)English songs or dance well.

with后名词附加不影响谓语原则

He as well as his wife and daughters (like, likes) music very much.

He with his sons (get, gets )up early every day.

I but you (are, am)wrong.

1. after 在……以后

2. and 和；又

3. as 像……一样；如同；因为

4. because 因为

5. before 在……之前

6. but 但是

7. if 如果；假使；是否；是不是

8. neither 也不

9. nor 也不10. or 或者；还是；否则11. since 从……以来；……以后12. that 既然；由于；（引导宾语从句等）13. though 虽然14. till 直到；直到……为止

15. until 直到；直到……为止16. when 当……的时候17. whether 是否18. while 在/当……的时候；和……同时19. than 比20. so 因此；所以

21. both…and…两个都；既……又……22. not only…but also…不但……而且……

23. either…or 或者……或者……；不是……就是……24. neither…nor…既不……也不连词主要有but ,however,yet,although,on the contrary,while

,and, then, first second,or,not only...but also...,both...and...,neither...nor...

（二），并列连词和从属连词按语义分如下几种：

A,常见的表示语义引申的并列连词有：1.and

Justice is on your side. And justice will triumph over injustice. 正义在你们一边，而正义是会战胜非正义的。

2. neither... nor

She could neither speak the language nor write it. 这种语言她既不会说，也不会写。

3. both... and

A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。

4. not only... but also

We should not only be bold, but also be cautious. 我们不仅要大胆，而且要谨慎。

5. as well as

I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. 我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。

B,表示选择的并列连词有：

1. or

You may do it yourself, or ask someone else to do it. 你可以自己做或者让别人做。

2. either... or

I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 我不是把它放在桌子上了，就是放在抽屉里了。

除了表示选择外，or和either... or还可以表示否定的条件：

1) Now I must go or (if not) I shall be late for the party. 我现在得走了，否则晚会我就要迟到了。

2) You'll either behave yourself, or you'll never go out with me. 你要么老实点，要么就永远不能

跟我一起出去。

C,表示转折或对比的并列连词有：

1. but

He tried hard but he was unsuccessful. 他做了很大努力但没有成功。

2. yet

The car was old, yet it was in excellent condition. 这辆车子很旧，但仍处于良好的状态。

3. however

She felt ill. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate. 她病了。然而她照旧去上班，并且尽力集中精神工作。

4. nevertheless

I don't know anything against that man; nevertheless I don't trust him. 我对那个人没有什么不良的看法，但我不能信赖他。

D,表示因果关系的并列连词有：

1. for

You'd better put on your sweater, for it's rather cold outside. 你最好把毛衣穿上，外边相当冷。

2. so

My sister is expecting me，so I must be off now. 姐姐在等我，因此我得走了。

3. therefore

You are right, therefore we should support you. 你是对的，所以我们应当支持你。

4. hence

I fell off my bike yesterday—hence the bruises. 我昨天骑自行车摔倒了——所以青一块、紫一块的。

从属连词是用来引导从句的。分为如下几种：

A,引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：

1. when

There was prolonged applause when he began to speak. 他开始讲话时响起了经久不息的掌声。

2. while

We should strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。

3. as

As (When) he entered, the hall burst into thunderous applause. 当他进来时，全场发出雷鸣般的掌声。

4. after

After I visit Shanghai I'll travel up the Yangtze. 访问上海之后，我将溯长江而上。

5. before

It would be months before he was fit for the work. 要过好几个月他才能适应工作。

6. since

It is just a week since we arrived here. 我们到这里才一个星期。

7. until (till)

I shall stay here until (till) I've completed my studies. 我要在这里待到学习结束为止。

8. as soon as

As soon as he got well, he went back to work. 他病一好就回去上班了。

9. once

Once he said that, I knew he was lying. 他一说这话我就知道他在撒谎。

B,引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：

1. because

He failed because he was too careless. 因为他太粗心，所以失败了。

2. as

As it was already rather dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night. 因为已经相当晚了，我们决定在庙里待一夜。

3. since

Since you don't want to go, we won't force you to. 既然你不愿意去，我们也不勉强你。

4. now that

Now that you are all back, we'd better start the work right away. 你们既然都回来了，我们最好马上就开始工作。

5. considering (that)

They did the job quite well considering (that) they had no experience. 考虑到他们没有什么经验，这项工作他们已经干得不错了。

6. seeing that

Seeing that (Since) nobody was very enthusiastic about it, they decided to cancel the trip. 由于都没有很高的热情，他们决定取消这次旅行。

C,引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：

1. if

If you can do it, so can I. 你要是能办到，我也能办到。

2. even if

We wouldn't lose heart even if we should fail ten times. 我们就是失败十次也不灰心。

3. unless

I won't go unless you want me to. 除非你要我去，否则我是不会去的。

4. in case

We'd better take our raincoats in case it should rain (rains). 我们最好把雨衣带着以防下雨。

5. provided /providing (that)

I'll come provided (providing) (that) you let me know in good time. 你要是及时通知我是会来的。

6. suppose/supposing (that)

Suppose (Supposing) (that) he won't agree, what shall we do? 假如他不同意，我们怎么办？

7. as (so) long as

You may use the room as long as you keep it clean. 只要保持清洁你可以用这个房间。

8. on condition (that)

I'll lend you the book on condition (that) you return it on Monday. 只要你能在星期一还我，这本书我就借给你。

D,引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：

1. although / though

Everybody worked with great enthusiasm although/though the weather was extremely cold. 虽然天气很冷，大家工作得非常起劲。

2. even if (though)

Even if I have to walk all the way I'll get there. 即使我得一路走着去，我也要去那里。

E,引导比较状语从句的从属连词有：

1. than

We have produced 20% more cotton this year than we did last year. 我们今年棉花产量比去年高百分之二十。

2. as (so)...as

He doesn't play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。

F,引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：

1. lest

She explained again and again lest people should misunderstand her. 她一再解释唯恐人们误解。

2. so that

Speak clearly so that we may understand you. 讲话要清楚，以便我们能听明白。

3. in order that

He assigned us some books to read at home in order that (so that) we might have a deeper understanding of the subject. 他指定几本书给我们回家看，以便我们对这一主题有一个较深的了解。

G,引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：

1. so...that

She was so moved that tears came to her eyes. 她感动得热泪盈眶。

2. such...that

It was such a boring speech that I fell asleep. 演讲枯燥乏味，听得我都睡着了。

另外:引导名词性从句的连词有三个：(1)that (本身无意义)，(2)whether (or not)，(3)if。例如：That they will refuse the offer is unlikely. 他们不太可能会拒绝这个建议。

I don't know whether (=if) these figures are accurate. 我不知道这些数字是否精确。

需要注意的是：whether (or not) 可引导大部分名词性从句；if仅可引导宾语从句，而且不可跟or not。例如：

Whether (≠if) they will come or not won't make much difference. 他们来不来关系不大。

I wonder if (=whether) she has received our telegram. 我不知道她是否收到了我们的电报。