同位语从句讲解

同位语从句讲解
同位语从句讲解

同位语从句讲解

是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系是同位关系,即主表关系。

详细信息一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。

1. 名词作同位语

Mr Wang, my child’s te acher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生,我孩子的老师,星期二要来看我们。

2.短语作同位语

I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.

我,作为家里最大的女孩,老得照料家中的其他孩子。

3. 直接引语作同位语

But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”

但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”

4. 句子作同位语

The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.

巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。

同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定"

一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。

I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。

二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。

I’ve come from Mr. W ang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。

三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接副词how, when, where等。(注:if, which 不能引导同位语从句。)

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。

四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。

同位语从句-引导词

同位语从句的引导词,引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。

1. 连词that引导同位语从句

(注:引导同位语从句的that不能省略)

The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完

全错误的。(作idea的同位语)

【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。

【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。

He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。

2. 连词whether引导同位语从句(注:if不能引导同位语从句)

The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。

【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。

其它引导词引导的同位语从句

连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句

1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。(what作定语)

2).I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好,这是个人口味的问题。(which 作定语)

3).The question who will take his place is still not clear. (who作主语)

4. 连接副词引导同位语从句连接副词when, where, how, why

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vaca tion.到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。

同位语从句-相关语法

一、同位语从句在句中的位置

1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。

I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午不能来看你了。

2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。

二、同位语从句前名词的数

同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。

Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来?

三、同位语从句的语气在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。

Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。

四、同位语从句的先行词

同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词,常见的有:idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。

How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣,对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?

代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语,同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。

I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏你,我现在还活着。

有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为,这种it后的that 从句应看作it 的同位语,因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构。

You must se to it that the children don't catch cold.(=You must see to it, and It is that the children don't catch cold.)你要当心,别让孩子们着凉了。

同位语从句-语法区别与定语从句的的语法区别:

1.意义的不同

同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:

We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句)

We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句)

2. 引导词的不同what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。

3. 引导词的功能上的不同

that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。

4. 被修饰词语的区别

同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外,when和where 引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定:

I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)

I’ll never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)

同位语从句-特殊形式

1.间隔同位语从句

同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后,但有些情况下,由于句子结构的原因,同位语从句不紧跟在名词后,而被其他的词隔开。

A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday

简析:由于that从句太长,为避免句子失去平衡,此处用了间隔同位语从句

2.suggestion,request和order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气。

She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.她请求立即请医生来。

简析:suggestion,order,request,proposal,requirement,command,advice,proposition和recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”的形式,其中should一词可省略。

3.短语及固定句式后的同位语从句

I will come on condition that John is invited.如果约翰也被邀请的话,我就来。

简析:短语On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式There be+no doubt(hope, chance, possibility,…)后的that从句为同位语从句。

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同位语从句

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四.虚拟语气 【习题精炼】 1.The headmaster made a suggestion that the sports meet until next Sunday.A.Will be put off B.will put off C.put off D.be put off 2.is a fact that English people and American people share a lot of customs.A.There B.This C.That D.that 3.It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey. A.while B.that C.if D.for 4.leaves the room last ought to turn off the 1ights. A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who 5.they are most interested in is they can produce more and better cars.A.That;how B.What;how C.What;that D.That;that 6.I have will be yours sooner or later. A.No matter what B.No matter how C.Whatever D.However 7.Word came I was wanted at the office. A.which B.why C.that D.whether 8.we can’t get seems better th an we have. A.What;what B.What:that C.That;that D.That:what 9.—has made our city Dalian she is today? —It is the Party’s policy that has made it take on a new look. A.What;that B.That;what C.there;so D.That;that 10.It was at the very beginning Mr White made the decision we should send more firefighters there. A.that:that B.when;which C.there;what D.where;what 11. The fact ________ he didn’t see Lao Li yesterday is true. A.which B.that C.when D.what 12. I have no idea ________ he will come back. A.where B.when C.what D.That 13. The dictionary is to a student________ the tool is to a worker. A.which B.that C.what D.whatever Keys:1-5DDBCD 6-10 CCACA 11-13 BBC

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同位语从句。 一. 同位语从句定义。 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词/先行词后面,用以说明该名词/先行词表示的具体内容。 二. 同位语从句的名词/先行词。 1.可以跟同位语从句的名词/先行词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等(一般的“抽象”名词都可用)。 例:I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 2. 在某些名词(如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 例:There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。 3.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词/先行词后面,而被别的词隔开。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。 三. 同位语从句的引导词。 1.连词that引导,引导同位语从句的that不能省略,which不能引导同位语从句。 例:The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。 2. 连词whether引导,if不能引导同位语从句。 例:The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。 3.其它引导词引导,连接代词what,who,whom,whose,引导同位语从句。 1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。 2).The question who will take his place is still not clear. 问题谁来接替他的位置还不是很明朗。 4. 连接副词when,where,how,why 引导。 例:We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。 四. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 1. 意义的不同。 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来: We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句) We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句) 2.引导词的不同。 what,how,whatever 等可引导同位语从句,但不引导定语从句。Which可引导定语从句但不引导同位语从句。3. 引导词的功能上的不同 that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。 4. 被修饰词语的区别。

同位语从句讲解及练习

同位语从句 一.同位语 同位语:跟在名词或代词后,与之表达同一内容;通常由名词、名词性短语等担任。 (A=B:两项所指相同) e.g 我知道奥巴马,美国的总统。 I know Obama, the president of United States. (Obama与the president of US同一个人)我们应该从过去当中学习,它是现在的一面镜子和将来的希望。 We should learn from the past, the mirror of the present and the hope of the future. The future belongs to you, young people. 未来是属于你们年轻人的。(you=young people) (实质是句中两个成分相等) 二.同位语从句 1.(1)概念:由一个句子来充当同位语。 e.g 我知道这个事实,奥巴马是美国的总统。 I know the fact that Obama is the president of United States. (the fact就是指的是奥巴马是美国总统) We should learn from the truth that the past is the mirror of the present and the hope of the future. (2)与从句同位的名词通常为抽象名词: fact, truth, Idea, thought, belief, hope, doubt, rumour, question, answer, reply, news, , order (有些抽象名词本身带有“疑问”的含义,如question, doubt) 2. 构成: (------先造3个简单的句子,He is a student.(陈述句) Is he a student?(一般疑问句)Who is a student?(特殊疑问句) 同位语从句(连词)不是与前面的抽象名词有关,连词取决于后面从句是什么样的形式; (I know the fact he is a student. ) (1)如果从句是陈述句,连词用that e.g I know the fact that he is a student. 我听到了这个消息,他离开了我们。 I heard the news that he left us. The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了命令战士们应该立即过河。 We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation in Hawaii. 我们非常高兴听到这个消息,我们将在夏威夷度过我们的暑假。 The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 他什么都没说,这个事实让大家很吃惊。 结论:that在从句中不做成分,并且没有含义 (2)如果从句是一般疑问句,连词用whether, 再把一般疑问句变陈述句语序

完整word版,同位语从句讲解及练习

同位语从句 ◆◆◆辨认同位语从句 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。 1. 名词作同位语 Mr. Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生,我孩子的老师,星期二要来看我们。 2. 短语作同位语 I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我,作为家里最大的女孩,老得照料家中的其他孩子。 3. 直接引语作同位语 But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:“多利早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?” 4. 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。 ◆◆◆同位语从句用法 一、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。 I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 ①可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。(承诺信息主意是事实;疑问想法与问题;希望消息建议是潜力。) I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 ②在某些名词表“建议,命令,要求等”(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气(即should+动词原形;should可省) There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。 ③同位语从句前名词的数:同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来? 二、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。连接副词how, when, where等。(注:if, which 不能引导同位语从句。) 1. 连词that引导同位语从句(注:引导同位语从句的that不能省略) The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。(作idea的同位语) 【注意】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。 He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 2. 连词whether引导同位语从句(注:if不能引导同位语从句)

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初中英语语法同位语从句专项讲解与训练(一) 概念 一般来说,在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它通常跟在某些名词之后,用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有: advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, p roposal, reply, report, suggestion, word(消息), problem, question, doubt, thought等。例如: They were delighted at the news that their team had won. 当听到他们队获胜的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你从哪儿听说我不能来? 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。如: The thought came to him that Tom might have returned the book. 他突然想起汤姆可能已经还了书了。 (二)引导词 请仔细观察下列句子,注意从句引导词的用法。 1. The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.

2. He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there. 3. The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting 4. I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now. 5. We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our s ummer vacation this year. 6. I have no idea how I can get to the railway station. 7. I have no idea when he will be back. [小结归纳] ① that引导同位语从句时无词义,也不充当任何成分,但通常不可以省略,如句1; ② whether引导同位语从句时意为“是否”,通常不能用if来代替,如句2; ③连接代词who, what等可以引导同位语从句,如句3, 4; ④连接副词where, how, when等可以引导同位语从句,如句5,6,7。 (三) that 引导的同位语从句和定语从句 ①意义不同:同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容;而定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的先行词。试比较: 1. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 2. The news that you told us is really encouraging.

英语同位语从句用法详解

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同位语从句——语法专题讲解

同位语从句——语法专题讲解

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eg:An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond ring. (4)后面常跟同位语的词有:doubt, fact, hope, idea, message, news, possibility, promise, question, suggestion,truth,thought,warning,wish等。 ●注:advice, order, suggestion等词表示建议、 命令的词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词须 eg:He made the suggestion that the meeting(should) be put off. 三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1)所表达的内容不同:同位语从句和定语从句一般是放在某一名词后面,但同位语从 句是对该名词的解释和说明,而定语从句 是对该名词的修饰,说明它的性质特征。eg:The fact that he presented was a strong proof. The fact that she hadn’t said anything surprised us all. (2)在句中所起的语法作用不同:引导定语从句的that是关系代词,它的作用是连接主

同位语从句讲解与练习

同位语从句讲解与练习. 同位语从句讲解与练习 1.定义:用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。 2.用法:同位语从句的先行词多为fact,

news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等,关联词多用从属连词。如: They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来? Early in the day came the news that

Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。注:同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether 引导。如:I have no idea whether he'll come or not.我不知道他是否来。 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语 从句。 The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。. We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假,这个 问题我们还没有决定。

同位语从句专项训练ss

同位语从句专项训练 一.判断下列句子是定语从句还是同位语从句。 1.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. The news that you told us is really encouraging. 2.The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 3.The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody. The fact that we talked about is very important. 4.Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. Do you know the place where he was born? 二.请用适当的词填空,使下列句子意思完整。 1. They expressed the hope _______ they would come over to China soon. 2. The fact _______ he didn’t see Tom this morning is true. 3. Word has come _______ some American guests will come to our college for a visit next week. 4. He can’t answer the question _______ he got the money from his home yesterday. 5. Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom? 6. The problem _______ we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once. 7. I have no idea __________ he will be back. 8. He must answer the question ___________ he agrees to it or not. 9.Several years later,word came __________ Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them. 10. I have no impression __________ he went home, perhaps by bike. 三. 改错题。(每句都有一个错误) 1. Our team has won the game, that made us very happy. 2. I’ve come with a message from Mr Wang how he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. 3. He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not. 4. I’ve read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday. 5. One of the men held the pinion when what the book said was right. 6. The fact why she works hard is well known to us all.

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