青海省旅游景区经济价值测评研究——以青海湖景区为例

青海省旅游景区经济价值测评研究

——以青海湖景区为例

中文摘要

旅游景区资源作为一种公共物品，长期以来，其经济价值一直被忽略。近年来，随着旅游业的快速发展，旅游景区资源保护与开发矛盾日益突出。开展旅游景区经济价值测评是发展全域旅游，实现景区资源有效保护和合理开发的重要举措。青海省旅游资源类型丰富、品质高，但生态环境脆弱，因此，本研究依托青海省社会科学规划项目《青海省旅游景区经济价值测评研究—以青海湖和塔尔寺景区为例》（编号：15020），并依据国内外研究现状，结合青海省旅游发展实际，依据问卷调查与统计年鉴数据，采用区域旅行费用法（Zonal Travel Cost Method，ZTCM）、条件价值法（Contingent Valuation Method，CVM）开展青海湖景区经济价值综合测评及影响因素分析。研究结果为实现景区生态环境的保护提供理论指导、为青海省实现“生态立省”与建设高原旅游名省战略目标和有效融入丝绸之路经济带建设具有重要的现实意义。

通过以上系统研究，得出以下结论：

（1）旅游景区经济价值由使用价值和非使用价值构成，其中使用价值分为直接使用价值和间接使用价值，直接使用价值分为游憩价值和文化科研价值，间接使用价值为生态服务价值，非使用价值分为存在价值、选择价值和遗产价值。

（2）2014年青海湖景区的总经济价值为2.402590935×1013元，其中使用价值为2.4025862×1013元，非使用价值为4.735×107元，反映了目前青海湖景区旅游开发产生的经济、生态和社会效益显著。

（3）使用价值中生态服务价值为2.401609×1013元，游憩价值为8.52214×109元，文化科研价值为1.250×109元，一方面表明青海湖景区的保护是第一位的，开发是第二位的；另一方面表明青海湖景区依然存在经济、生态环境和社会三大效益发展不平衡的问题。

（4）非使用价值中存在价值为2.599×107元，遗产价值为1.744×107元，选择价值为3.92×106元，表明人们对青海湖景区资源环境保护的关注度、责任感及成效的认可度在不断提升。

（5）目前，影响青海湖景区游憩价值的因素由强到弱依次为旅行费用、文化程度、年龄、收入、职业。

最后，基于青海湖景区经济价值测评结果的深入分析，制定了打造智慧旅游景区，提升旅游竞争力；实施“旅游+”模式，促进旅游与相关产业的融合；加强景区基础设施建设，完善旅游公共服务体系；丰富旅游产品体系，深化旅游供给侧改革；加大旅游市场监管力度，依法规范旅游消费市场；优化景区服务与管理水平，提高游客满意度；加强“一带一路”联动发展，科学有效融入丝绸之路经济带等提升青海省旅游景区经济价值的相关建议措施。

关键词：经济价值，区域旅行费用法（ZTCM），条件价值法（CVM），青海湖景区

Study on Evaluation of Economic Value of Tourist Scenic Spots in Qinghai Province ——A Case Study of Qinghai Lake Scenic Spot

Abstract

As a kind of public goods,tourism scenic spot resources have long been ignored. In recent years,along with the tourism′s rapid development,the contradiction between protection and development of tourism scenic spot is becoming more and more serious.The evaluation of economic value of tourism scenic spot is an important measure to develop all-for-one tourism,but also to realize the effective protection and rational development of scenic spot resources.Qinghai province has rich tourism resource type,high quality,but the ecological environment is fragile,thus,this paper relies on Qinghai Social Science Planning Project《Study on Evaluation of Economic Value of Tourist Scenic Spots in Qinghai Province-case study of Qinghai Lake and Taer Lamasery scenic spot》(ID:15020),Based on the research status at home and abroad,combined with the actual development of tourism in Qinghai Province,taking the Qinghai Lake Scenic Spot as a case study area.Based on questionnaires and statistical yearbook data,using zonal travel cost method(ZTCM)and contingent value method(CVM)to conduct economic value comprehensive evaluation of scenic spot,and using related correlation analysis method to analysis influencing factors of recreational value.Economic Value Evaluation and Comparative Study of Scenic Spots.The research results provide theoretical guidance for the effective protection and reasonable development of scenic resources,and has important practical significance for the realization of the“ecological establishment of provinces”in Qinghai Province and the establishment of the strategic goal of establishing a highland tourism province and the effective integration of the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Through the systematic research above,this paper summarizes the following conclusions:

(1)The economic value of tourism scenic spots consists of use value and non-use value.The use value is divided into direct use value and indirect use value.The direct use value consists of recreation value and cultural research value,and the indirect use value is ecological service value,non-use value is dividede into existence value, option value and bequest value.

(2)the total economic value of Qinghai Lake scenic spot is2.402590935×1013 yuan in2014,of which the use value is2.4025862×1013yuan and the non use value is 4.735×107yuan,reflecting the current economic,ecological and social benefits of