with复合结构专项练习 3
with复合结构
with复合结构是学生学习英语时经常接触的句型，也是考查的热点。请看下面的句子。There was an electric bell that did not work，with a card next to it bearing the name“Mr.James Dillingham Young”。
在这个句子中，with+名词+介词短语构成复合结构在句子中作状语。
Now we were on our feet with another 500 miles to go.
在这个句子中，with+名词+to do构成复合结构在句子中作状语。
1.with复合结构的构成
with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1）With+宾语+介词短语
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
2）with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
He lay in bed with his head covered.
3）with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系）
With winter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes.
4）with+宾语+todo（不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义）
I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.
5）with+宾语+形容词/副词
With John away，we've got more room.
Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
2.with复合结构的作用
with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。请阅读下面的句子。1）We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.（作伴随状语）
2）She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled.（作原因状语）
3）He lay in bed with his head covered.（作方式状语）
4）Jack soon fell asleep with the light still burning.（作伴随状语）
5）I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.（作原因状语）
6）He sat with his arms clasped around his knees.（作方式状语）
注：with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语，阅读下面的句子。
1）There was a letter for Lanny with a Swiss stamp on it.（作定语修饰letter）
2）It was a vast stretch of country with cities in the distance.（作定语修饰a stretch of country）
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介词with复合结构相关的高考试题：
1.(NMET.2000) _________ production up by 60 % , the company has had another excellent year.
A. As
B. For
C. With
D. Through
[解析] 答案C。本题考查介词with的复合结构“with + n / pron + prep. phrase(介词短语)”的用法。“as”作为连词，意为“因为、由于”，其后必须跟从句；作为介词，意为“作为”，从语法和句意方面都不能用。而for和through在这里从语法和句意方面也不能用。在这里应用with，意思是“因为、由于”。句意是：由于生产（产品）上升了60% ，这家公司又有了一个辉煌年。
2.(Beijing. 2004) ________two exams to worry about , I have to work really hard this weekend.
A. Besides
B. With
C. As for
D. Because of
[解析] 答案B。这道题也是考查介词with复合结构用法的。从句子的结构看这里必须要填一个介词，而不能填连词，“as for” 意思是“至于、关于”；because of意思是“由于、因为”，其后不能跟复合结构，所以不能选择C和D。在所给的选项中只有with才符合构成“ with + n / pron + to do ”结构。句意是：由于担心这两门考试，本周末我得真的用功了
1>“with + n / pron + v-ing” 这一结构在句子中作伴随状语，说明情况，其中现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作。例如：
① ________our food ________, we had to walk to a village for help.（成都毕业班第一次诊断试题）
A. Since; runs out
B. Because; run out
C. With; running out
D. For; running out
[解析] 答案C。“since、because、for”作“由于、因为”讲，是连词，其后只能跟从句，不能跟复合结构，所以不能选A、B、D。由于run out是不及物动词短语且与our food之间存在主谓关系所以只能用running out 结构，with在这里表示原因，故答案是C。句意是：在我们的食物快要用完的情况下，我们不得不向附近的村子求援。
②.When mother went into the house, she found her baby was sleeping in bed, ________ his lips moving.
A. as
B. with
C. for
D. through
[解析] 答案B。该题是考查介词短语用作状语用法的。“as”作为连词，意为“因为、由于”，其后必须跟从句；作为介词，意为“作为”，从语法和句意方面都不符合；而for和through 在这里从语法和句意方面也不能用。在所给的选项当中，只有with才可以构成这一复合结构，用作表示伴随情况的状语，故选B。句意是：当妈妈走进房子的时候，她发现自己的孩子正睡在床上，嘴唇一直在动。
2>.“with + n / pron +v-ed. ”这一结构在句子中作原因状语，其中过去分词表示被动或完成了的动作。例如：
①---You should have prepared your speech for the meeting , Mrs Smith .
---Yes, I know .But how could I ______the meeting date fixed so soon .（2005东北三校联考）
A. while
B. as
C. after
D. with
[解析] 答案：D。在所给的选项当中，只有as与with有“由于、因为” 之意，而as是连词，其后必须跟从句，所以不能用在这里。只有with符合这一用法，构成复合结构，用作表示原因的状语，代词I之后省略了动词prepare。句意是：因为会议日期确定的太快了，我还没有准备好。
②________ more and more forests damaged ,some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out .(2005石家庄市高三调研试题）
A. As
B. For
C. With
D. By
[解析] 答案C。此题考查with复合结构“with + n / pron +v-ed. ”的用法，在这里表示原因。as和for常常引导的是一个表示原因的句子，而介词by显然没有这种用法。句意是：由于越来越多的森林遭到破坏，一些动植物正面临着灭绝的危险。
③Many large cities, such as Liverpool and New York , have had experiments of this kind,
________ old factories turned into successful art centers.（南京市高三模拟试题）
A. for
B. with C .as D .like
[解析] 答案B。本题也是考查with复合结构用法的,表示一种伴随情况。介词for与as 虽具有“由于、因为” 之意，但其后要跟从句，，like没有“由于、因为” 之意，应该排除A、C、D，答案是B。句意是：随着旧工厂被成功地改制为艺术中心，许多大城市（如利物浦和纽约）都做着这方面的尝试。
3>“with + n / pron + to do ”这一结构在句子中作原因状语，其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。
例如：
______so much homework to do , I won't have time to go to see the film tonight.
A. With
B. To
C. For
D. In
[解析] 答案A。这里用介词with的复合结构作状语表示原因，而to、for、in则没有这种复合结构用法，故排除B、C、D，答案是B。句意是：由于有许多家庭作业要去做，今晚我没有时间去看电影了。再如：
With nothing to do , I sat down watching TV.
4>“with + n / pron + prep. phrase .”这一结构在句子中作伴随状语，表示状态或说明情况或作定语。例如：
①_________and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor 's help to end her life .(2005年江苏省高考试题)
A .Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure
C . There being hope for cure D. In the hope of cure
[解析] 答案B。此题考查with的复合结构作状语的用法。逗号前的内容作状语，该部分是由介词with构成的短语及现在分词短语suffering from the terrible disease构成的，介词with 有两个宾语，分别是no hope for cure和no way to reduce her pain。句意是：这位病人由于没有治愈的希望和减轻其痛苦的方法，她饱受疾病煎熬，于是请求大夫结束她的生命。
②John starts to work very clearly in the morning and goes on working until late in the afternoon _______ a break at midday .
A. for
B. with
C. in
D. as
[解析] 答案B。此题考查介词短语作状语。即“with + n / pron + prep. phrase” 。句意是：约翰早上开始工作，中午稍作休息后又接着工作到下午稍晚些时候。
5>.“with + n / pron + adj ” 这一结构常作伴随性状语，表示状态。例如：
It was cold outside , the boy ran into the room ________ his nose red.
A. to
B. on
C. in
D. with
[解析] 答案D。这个句子是考查with 的复合结构用法的，用with +名词（nose）+形容词（red）作状语表示伴随情况。而to、on 、in 作为介词则没有这种用法，故排除A、B、C，答案为D。句意是：外面天气很冷，那个男孩跑进了屋子时，鼻子红红的。再如：
Tom's father is used to sleeping with the window open.
6>. “with + n / pron + adv ”这一结构在句子中常作伴随状语,表示情况或状态。例如：
_______all the representatives (代表)still not there , the meeting was postponed for several months.
A. Without
B. With
C. By
D. Because
[解析] 答案B。这里应填入一个介词结构以表示原因或状态，而在所给的选项中without 具有否定意义，不能用在这里；by则表示方式、手段等；because后则要跟从句，只有with具有这种用法，所以选B。句意是：在代表仍然不在场的情况下，会议被推迟了好几个月。类似的，再如：
With so many students away , we have got more room.
7> “with + n / pron + n ”在句中作定语或状语。如：
He died with his son yet a school boy .
1. BBC English broadcasts programmes for China _______ explanation in Chinese.
A. in
B.for
C.with
D.as
2. The young woman _______ a baby sleeping in her arms was wandering in the street.
A. with
B.because
C. on
D. like
3. Everyone should go to sleep with the light turned off.
A. as
B. with
C. for
D. on
4. _______ so many homework to do, Mary won’t have time to play with her friends this morning.
A. Without
B. With
C. By
D. Because
5. _______ the door open, the noise of the machines is almost deafening.
A. Because
B. As
C. With
D. Because of
6. _______ his mother out, he had to stay at home alone.
A. As
B.For
C. Because
D. With
7. _______ all things considered, her proposal is of greater than his
A. Like
B.With
C. On
D. Without
8. _______ time permitting, we will visit the Summer Palace.
A. By
B. On
C. With
D. As
with复合结构专项练习（一）
1. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.（2007 安徽）
A. finished
B. Finishing
C. having finished
D. was finished
2. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ________?(2009 全国卷1)
A. taking
B. Take
C. taken
D. to take
3. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _______ her foot wounded so much.(2008 福建)
A. for
B. When
C. with
D. while
4. ----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
----Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down. (2007 福建)
A. filled
B. Filling
C. to fill
D. being filled
5. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it.（2007安徽）
A. finished
B. Finishing
C. having finished
D. was finished
6. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.（2005 北京）
A. going on
B. goes on
C. went on
D. to go on
7. _______ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life. （2005江西）
A. Having given up hope of cure
B. With no hope for cure
C. There being hope for cure
D. In the hope of cure
8. ________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)
A. With
B. Besides
C. As for
D. Because of
9. It was a pity that the great writer died _______ his works unfinished.(2004 福建)
A. for
B. With
C. from
D. of
10. ______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.(2000 全国卷)
A. As
B. For
C. With
D. Through
with复合结构专项练习（二）
一请选择最佳答案
1）With nothing_______to burn，the fire became weak and finally died out.
A.leaving
B.left
C.leave
D.to leave
2）The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes_______on the wall.
A.fixing
B.fixed
C.to be fixing
D.to be fixed
3）I live in the house with its door_________to the south.（这里with结构作定语）
A.facing
B.faces
C.faced
D.being faced
4）They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights____.
A.burn
B.burnt
C.burning
D.to burn
二：用with复合结构完成下列句子
1）_____________（有很多工作要做），I couldn't go to see the doctor.
2）She sat__________（低着头）。
3）The day was bright_____.（微风吹拂）
4）_________________________，（心存梦想）he went to Hollywood.
三把下列句子中的划线部分改写成with复合结构。
1）Because our lessons were over，we went to play football.
_____________________________.
2）The children came running towards us and held some flowers in their hands.
_____________________________.
3）My mother is ill，so I won't be able to go on holiday.
_____________________________.
4）An exam will be held tomorrow，so I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.
_____________________________.
with复合结构专项练习（三）
1. BBC English broadcasts programmes for China _______ explanation in Chinese.
A. in
B.for
C.with
D.as
2. The young woman _______ a baby sleeping in her arms was wandering in the street.
A. with
B.because
C. on
D. like
3. Everyone should go to sleep with the light turned off.
A. as
B. with
C. for
D. on
4. _______ so many homework to do, Mary won’t have time to play with her friends this morning.
A. Without
B. With
C. By
D. Because
5. _______ the door open, the noise of the machines is almost deafening.
A. Because
B. As
C. With
D. Because of
6. _______ his mother out, he had to stay at home alone.
A. As
B.For
C. Because
D. With
7. _______ all things considered, her proposal is of greater than his
A. Like
B.With
C. On
D. Without
8. _______ time permitting, we will visit the Summer Palace.
A. By
B. On
C. With
D. As
参考答案：1-8 CABBCDBC
答案：
1．A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. A
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. B 10. C
with复合结构专项练习（二）
答案及分析
答案（一）：
1）答案是B.with的宾语nothing和动词leave是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。
2）答案是B.短语fix one's eyes on
sth是“盯着……看”的意思，所以句中hereyes和动词fix是被动关系，所以用过去分词。
3）答案是A.face“朝、向”，是不及物动词，所以和itsdoor是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。
4）答案是C.burn“点燃、发亮、发光”，是不及物动词，所以和theirlights是主动关系，所以用现在分词。
答案（二）：
1）With a lot of work to do
2）with her head bent
3）with a fresh breeze blowing
4）With a dream in heart
答案（三）：
1）With our lessons over ，we went to play football.
2）The children came running towards us with the flowers in their hands.
3）With my mother being will，I won't be able to go on holiday.
4）With the exam to be held tomorrow，I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.
参考答案：
1-8 CABBCDBC