(完整版)with复合结构专项练习

with复合结构专项练习（一）

1. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.（2007 安徽）

A. finished

B. finishing

C. having finished

D. was finished

2. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ________?(2009 全国卷1)

A. taking

B. take

C. taken

D. to take

3. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _______ her foot wounded so much.(2008 福建)

A. for

B. when

C. with

D. while

4. ----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

----Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down. (2007 福建)

A. filled

B. filling

C. to fill

D. being filled

5. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it.（2007安徽）

A. finished

B. finishing

C. having finished

D. was finished

6. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.（2005 北京）

A. going on

B. goes on

C. went on

D. to go on

7. _______ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life. （2005江西）

A. Having given up hope of cure

B. With no hope for cure

C. There being hope for cure

D. In the hope of cure

8. ________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)

A. With

B. Besides

C. As for D/ Because of

9. It was a pity that the great writer died _______ his works unfinished.(2004 福建)

A. for

B. with

C. from

D. of

10. ______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.(2000 全国卷)

A. As

B. For

C. With

D. Through

答案：

1．A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. A

6. A

7. B

8. A

9. B 10. C

with复合结构专项练习（二）

一请选择最佳答案

1）With nothing_______to burn，the fire became weak and finally died out.

A.leaving

B.left

C.leave

D.toleave

2）The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes_______on the wall.

A.fixing

B.fixed

C.to be fixing

D.to be fixed

3）I live in the house with its door_________to the south.（这里with结构作定语）

A.facing

B.faces

C.faced

D.being faced

4）They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights____.

A.burn

B.burnt

C.burning

D.to burn

二：用with复合结构完成下列句子

1）_____________（有很多工作要做），I couldn't go to see the doctor.

2）She sat__________（低着头）。

3）The day was bright_____.（微风吹拂）

4）_________________________，（心存梦想）he went to Hollywood.

三把下列句子中的划线部分改写成with复合结构。

1）Because our lessons were over，we went to play football.

_____________________________.

2）The children came running towards us and held some flowers in their hands.

_____________________________.

3）My mother is ill，so I won't be able to go on holiday.

_____________________________.

4）An exam will be held tomorrow，so I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.

_____________________________.

答案及分析

答案（一）：

1）答案是B.with的宾语nothing和动词leave是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。

2）答案是B.短语fix one's eyes on

sth是“盯着……看”的意思，所以句中hereyes和动词fix是被动关系，所以用过去分词。

3）答案是A.face“朝、向”，是不及物动词，所以和itsdoor是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。

4）答案是C.burn“点燃、发亮、发光”，是不及物动词，所以和theirlights是主动关系，所以用现在分词。

答案（二）：

1）With a lot of work to do

2）with her head bent

3）with a fresh breeze blowing

4）With a dream in heart

答案（三）：

1）With our lessons over ，we went to play football.

2）The children came running towards us with the flowers in their hands.

3）With my mother being will，I won't be able to go on holiday.

4）With the ex

am to be held tomorrow，I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.

with复合结构专项练习（三）

1. BBC English broadcasts programmes for China _______ explanation in Chinese.

A. in

B.for

C.with

D.as

2. The young woman _______ a baby sleeping in her arms was wandering in the street.

A. with

B.because

C. on

D. like

3. Everyone should go to sleep with the light turned off.

A. as

B. with

C. for

D. on

4. _______ so many homework to do, Mary won’t have time to play with her friends this morning.

A. Without

B. With

C. By

D. Because

5. _______ the door open, the noise of the machines is almost deafening.

A. Because

B. As

C. With

D. Because of

6. _______ his mother out, he had to stay at home alone.

A. As

B.For

C. Because

D. With

7. _______ all things considered, her proposal is of greater than his

A. Like

B.With

C. On

D. Without

8. _______ time permitting, we will visit the Summer Palace.

A. By

B. On

C. With

D. As

参考答案：

1-8 CABBCDBC

介词with复合结构相关的高考试题：

1.(NMET.2000) _________ production up by 60 % , the company has had another excellent year.

A. As

B. For

C. With

D. Through

[解析] 答案 C。本题考查介词with的复合结构“with + n / pron + prep. phrase(介词短语)”的用法。“as”

作为连词，意为“因为、由于”，其后必须跟从句；作为介词，意为“作为”，从语法和句意方面都不能用。而for和through在这里从语法和句意方面也不能用。在这里应用with，意思是“因为、由于”。句意是：由于生产（产品）上

升了60% ，这家公司又有了一个辉煌年。

2.(Beijing. 2004) ________two exams to worry about , I have to work really hard this weekend.

A. Besides

B. With

C. As for

D. Because of

[解析] 答案 B。这道题也是考查介词with复合结构用法的。从句子的结构看这里必须要填一个介词，而不能填连

词，“as for” 意思是“至于、关于”；because of意思是“由于、因为”，其后不能跟复合结构，所以不能选择C

和D。在所给的选项中只有with才符合构成“ with + n / pron + to do ”结构。句意是：由于担心这两门考试，本

周末我得真的用功了

1>“with + n / pron + v-ing” 这一结构在句子中作伴随状语，说明情况，其中现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作。

例如：

① ________our food ________, we had to walk to a village for help.（成都毕业班第一次诊断试题）

A. Since; runs out

B. Because; run out

C. With; running out

D. For; running out

[解析] 答案 C。“since、because、for”作“由于、因为”讲，是连词，其后只能跟从句，不能跟复合结构，所以不能选A、B、D。由于 run out是不及物动词短语且与our food之间存在主谓关系所以只能用 running out 结构，with在这里表示原因，故答案是C。句意是：在我们的食物快要用完的情况下，我们不得不向附近的村子求援。

②.When mother went into the house, sh e found her baby was sleeping in bed, ________ his lips moving.

A. as

B. with

C. for

D. through

[解析] 答案 B。该题是考查介词短语用作状语用法的。“as”作为连词，意为“因为、由于”，其后必须跟从句；作为介词，意为“作为”，从语法和句意方面都不符合；而for和through在这里从语法和句意方面也不能用。在所给的选项当中，只有with才可以构成这一复合结构，用作表示伴随情况的状语，故选B。句意是：当妈妈走进房子的时候，她发现自己的孩子正睡在床上，嘴唇一直在动。

2>.“with + n / pron +v-ed. ”这一结构在句子中作原因状语，其中过去分词表示被动或完成了的动作。例如：

①---You should have prepared your speech for the meeting , Mrs Smith .

---Yes, I know .But how could I ______the meeting date fixed so soon .（2005东北三校联考）

A. while

B. as

C. after

D. with

[解析] 答案：D。在所给的选项当中，只有as与with有“由于、因为” 之意，而as是连词，其后必须跟从句，所以不能用在这里。只有with符合这一用法，构成复合结构，用作表示原因的状语，代词I之后省略了动词prepare。句意是：因为会议日期确定的太快了，我还没有准备好。

②________ more and more forests damaged ,some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out .(2005石家庄市高三调研试题）

A. As

B. For

C. With

D. By

[解析] 答案C。此题考查with复合结构“with + n / pron +v-ed. ”的用法，在这里表示原因。as和for常常引导的是一个表示原因的句子，而介词by显然没有这种用法。句意是：由于越来越多的森林遭到破坏，一些动植物正面临着灭绝的危险。

③Many large cities, such as Liverpool and New York , have had experiments of this kind, ________ old factories turned into successful art centers.（南京市高三模拟试题）

A. for

B. with C .as D .like

[解析] 答案B。本题也是考查with复合结构用法的,表示一种伴随情况。介词for与as虽具有“由于、因为” 之意，但其后要跟从句，，like没有“由于、因为” 之意，应该排除A、C、D，答案是B。句意是：随着旧工厂被成功地改制为艺术中心，许多大城市（如利物浦和纽约）都做着这方面的尝试。

3>“with + n / pron + to do ”这一结构在句子中作原因状语，其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。例如：

______so much homework to do , I won't have time to go to see the film tonight.

A. With

B. To

C. For

D. In

[解析] 答案A。这里用介词 with的复合结构作状语表示原因，而to、for、in则没有这种复合结构用法，故排除B、C、D，答案是B。句意是：由于有许多家庭作业要去做，今晚我没有时间去看电影了。再如：

With nothing to do , I sat down watching TV.

4>“with + n / pron + prep. phrase .”这一结构在句子中作伴随状语，表示状态或说明情况或作定语。例如：

①_________and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor 's help to end her life .(2005年江苏省高考试题)

A .Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure

C . There being hope for cure D. In the hope of cure

[解析] 答案 B。此题考查with的复合结构作状语的用法。逗号前的内容作状语，该部分是由介词with构成的短语及现在分词短语suffering from the terrible disease构成的，介词with有两个宾语，分别是 no hope for cure和no way to reduce her pain。句意是：这位病人由于没有治愈的希望和减轻其痛苦的方法，她饱受疾病煎熬，于是请求

大夫结束她的生命。

②John starts to work very clearly in the morning and goes on working until late in the afternoon _______

a break at midday .

A. for

B. with

C. in

D. as

[解析] 答案 B。此题考查介词短语作状语。即“with + n / pron + prep. phrase” 。句意是：约翰早上开始工

作，中午稍作休息后又接着工作到下午稍晚些时候。

5>.“with + n / pron + adj ” 这一结构常作伴随性状语，表示状态。例如：

It was cold outside , the boy ran into the room ________ his nose red.

A. to

B. on

C. in

D. with

[解析] 答案 D。这个句子是考查with 的复合结构用法的，用with +名词（nose）+形容词（red）作状语表示伴

随情况。而to、on 、in 作为介词则没有这种用法，故排除A、B、C，答案为D。句意是：外面天气很冷，那个男孩跑

进了屋子时，鼻子红红的。再如：

Tom's father is used to sleeping with the window open.

6>. “with + n / pron + adv ”这一结构在句子中常作伴随状语,表示情况或状态。例如：

_______all the representatives (代表)still not there , the meeting was postponed for several months.

A. Without

B. With

C. By

D. Because

[解析] 答案 B。这里应填入一个介词结构以表示原因或状态，而在所给的选项中without 具有否定意义，不能

用在这里；by则表示方式、手段等；because后则要跟从句，只有with具有这种用法，所以选B。句意是：在代表仍然

不在场的情况下，会议被推迟了好几个月。类似的，再如：

With so many students away , we have got more room.

7> “with + n / pron + n ”在句中作定语或状语。如：

He died with his son yet a school boy .

1. BBC English broadcasts programmes for China _______ explanation in Chinese.

A. in

B.for

C.with

D.as

2. The young woman _______ a baby sleeping in her arms was wandering in the street.

A. with

B.because

C. on

D. like

3. Everyone should go to sleep with the light turned off.

A. as

B. with

C. for

D. on

4. _______ so many homework to do, Mary won’t have time to play with her friends this morning.

A. Without

B. With

C. By

D. Because

5. _______ the door open, the noise of the machines is almost deafening.

A. Because

B. As

C. With

D. Because of

6. _______ his mother out, he had to stay at home alone.

A. As

B.For

C. Because

D. With

7. _______ all things considered, her proposal is of greater than his

A. Like

B.With

C. On

D. Without

8. _______ time permitting, we will visit the Summer Palace.

A. By

B. On

C. With

D. As

参考答案：1-8 CABBCDBC

with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立

主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。一、with结构的构成

它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名

词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去

分词。With结构构成方式如下：

1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；

2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；

3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；

4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式；

5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。

下面分别举例：

1、She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)

2、With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语)

3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.

4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词+不定式,作条件状语)

5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词,作伴随状语) Without anything left in the with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重

要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。

一、with结构的构成

它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二

部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下：

1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；

2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；

3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；

4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式；

5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。

下面分别举例：

1、She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)

2、With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语)

3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.

4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词+不定式,作条件状语)

5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词,作伴随状语) Without anything left in the cupboard, shewent out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)

二、with结构的用法

在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。

With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：

1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.

2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.

3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.

三、with结构的特点

1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如：With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light was burning.) With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.)

2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如：He could not finish it without me to help him.

四、几点说明：

1. with结构在句子中的位置：with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。

2. with结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别：在with结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。

例如：With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路)

With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路)

He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)

3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别：with结构具有上述功能和特点,而"介词with+名词或代词(组)"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。

4. with结构与独立主格结构的关系：with结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with结构由介词with或without引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散；而独立主格结构没有with或without引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上,with结构可以作定语,独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而with结构则不能。

独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而with结构较口语化,较常用。例如：

There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.("with+复合宾语"结构,在句中作定语)

A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构,作主语)

The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(独立主格结构,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语)

Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构,作状语,表示伴随情况) board, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)

二、with结构的用法

在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。

With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：

1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.

2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.

3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.

三、with结构的特点

1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如：With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light was burning.) With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.)

2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如：He could not finish it without me to help him.

四、几点说明：

1. with结构在句子中的位置：with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用

逗号隔开。

2. with结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别：在with结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。

例如：With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路)

With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路)

He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)

3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别：with结构具有上述功能和特点,而"介词with+名词或代词(组)"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。

4. with结构与独立主格结构的关系：with结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with结构由介词with或without引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散；而独立主格结构没有with或without引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上,with结构可以作定语,独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而with结构则不能。

独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而with结构较口语化,较常用。例如：

There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.("with+复合宾语"结构,在句中作定语)

A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构,作主语)

The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(独立主格结构,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语)

Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构,作状语,表示伴随情况)

with复合结构是学生学习英语时经常接触的句型，也是考查的热点。请看下面的句子。

There was an electric bell that did not work，with a card next to it bearing the name“Mr.James Dillingham Young”。在这个句子中，with+名词+介词短语构成复合结构在句子中作状语。

Now we were on our feet with another 500 miles to go.

在这个句子中，with+名词+to do构成复合结构在句子中作状语。

1.with复合结构的构成

with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

1）With+宾语+介词短语

He was asleep with his head on his arms.

2）with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.

He lay in bed with his head covered.

3）with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系）

With winter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes.

4）with+宾语+todo（不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义）

I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.

5）with+宾语+形容词/副词

With John away，we've got more room.

Andersonwas lying on the bed with all his clothes on.

2.with复合结构的作用

with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。请阅读下面的句子。

1）We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.（作伴随状语）

2）She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled.（作原因状语）

3）He lay in bed with his head covered.（作方式状语）

4）Jack soon fell asleep with the light still burning.（作伴随状语）

5）I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.（作原因状语）

6）He sat with his arms clasped around his knees.（作方式状语）

注：with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语，阅读下面的句子。

1）There was a letter for Lanny with a Swiss stamp on it.（作定语修饰letter）

2）It was a vast stretch of country with cities in the distance.（作定语修饰a stretch of country）

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练习1：请选择最佳答案

1）With nothing_______to burn，the fire became weak and finally died out.

A.leaving

B.left

C.leave

D.toleave

2）The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes_______on the wall.

A.fixing

B.fixed

C.to be fixing

D.to be fixed

3）I live in the house with its door_________to the south.（这里with结构作定语）

A.facing

B.faces

C.faced

D.being faced

4）They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights____.

A.burn

B.burnt

C.burning

D.to burn

练习2：用with复合结构完成下列句子

1）_____________（有很多工作要做），I couldn't go to see the doctor.

2）She sat__________（低着头）。

3）The day was bright_____.（微风吹拂）

4）_________________________，（心存梦想）he went to Hollywood.

练习3：把下列句子中的划线部分改写成with复合结构。

1）Because our lessons were over，we went to play football.

_____________________________.

2）The children came running towards us and held some flowers in their hands.

_____________________________.

3）My mother is ill，so I won't be able to go on holiday.

_____________________________.

4）An exam will be held tomorrow，so I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.

_____________________________.

答案及分析

答案（练习1）：

1）答案是B.with的宾语nothing和动词leave是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。

2）答案是B.短语fix one's eyes on

sth是“盯着……看”的意思，所以句中hereyes和动词fix是被动关系，所以用过去分词。

3）答案是A.face“朝、向”，是不及物动词，所以和itsdoor是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。

4）答案是C.burn“点燃、发亮、发光”，是不及物动词，所以和theirlights是主动关系，所以用现在分词。答案（练习2）：

1）With a lot of work to do

2）with her head bent

3）with a fresh breeze blowing

4）With a dream in heart

答案（练习3）：

1）With our lessons over，we went to play football.

2）The children came running towards us with the flowers in their hands.

3）With my mother being will，I won't be able to go on holiday.

4）With the exam to be held tomorrow，I couldn't go to the cinema tonight

“With+宾语+补语”是英语里最常用的一种复合结构，用来表伴随状态、原因和结果等。一般说来，所有独立主格结构前都可以加上with，构成with结构。它也是高考英语中的一个常考点，尤其是“With+宾语+非谓语动词”的形式经常作为非谓语动词类试题出现在各种形式的英语试题中。With复合结构中的补语有多种形式，包括名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式以及分词，它们的选择和使用，决定于与它们所修饰的with的宾语以及与它们的逻辑主语之间的逻辑关系。

1、with+宾语+v.-ing

v.-ing作补语时有主动语态和进行时态的特点，说明它与这个宾语是主谓关系，即前面的宾语是这个动作的动作执行者；此外，当作宾补的动词是不及物动词时，通常只能用现在分词的形式。例如（2006西城抽样4月）：

With two children ____ middle school in the nearby town now, the parents are working hard.

A. to attend

B. attending

C. attended

D. having attended

分析根据题干的意思，“孩子上学”应该是主谓关系，同时空格后面有宾语，可见这里需要一个含主动意义的现在分词，所以答案是B。又如（2005北京卷）：

I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ____.

A. going on

B. goes on

C. went on

D. to go on

分析作补语的是一个不及物动词，所以不能用过去分词形式，同时“我不能做作业”是因为噪音一直在进行，所以答案是A。

2、with+宾语+v.-ed

v.-ed作补语时具有被动语态和完成时态的特点，说明它与这个宾语是动宾关系，即前面的宾语是这个动作的行为对象。一般说来，作补语的过去分词的动词一般都是及物动词。例如：

With my pocket ____ on the bus, I had to stay to work on to make enough money before went back home.

A. picking

B. picked

C. to pick

D. being picked

分析钱包与扒窃之间显然是被动关系，同时由于这个既成事实，“I”不得不留下来打工挣钱回家，所以应该用过去分词被动和完成，即答案是B。

3、with+宾语+不定式

不定时作宾补时具有将来时态的特点；当它的逻辑主语出现在句子中时，通常用主动式表被动意义，否则其被动含义必须用to be done的形式表达。例如（2002上海春）：

With a lot of difficult problems ____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A. settled

B. settling

C. to settle

D. being settled C

分析“难题”与“解决”之间的关系显然是动宾关系，即问题被解决；但是主句中的is having意为will have，有将来时态的含义；同时这个补语的逻辑主语是后面的句子主语the newly-elected president，而它们之间是主谓关系。既要表达主谓关系，又要反映将来时态的特点，只能用不定式作补语，所以答案是C。该试题典型地反映了这种结构中，补语形式的选择与其逻辑主语之间的密切联系。

4、with+宾语+形容词

形容词作宾补时，实际上前面省略了being，表一种静止的状态。例如：

With so many people ____, the chairman had to announce the meeting was put off.

A. present

B. being present

C. to be absent

D. absent

分析答案是D，这里也可以用being absent，意思是：由于那么多人没有出席，主席只好宣布会议延期。

5、with+宾语+副词

With the long Spring Festival ____, all the people began their daily work or study again.

A. finished

B. ending

C. over

D. to be ended

分析答案是C，finish不能用来修饰“春节”，而ending含进行时态意义，不符合逻辑，不定式表将来时态，所以其余三者都不对。

6、with+宾语+介词短语

介词短语作补语表达一种静止状态，在句子中表伴随或者原因等。例如：

My father sat at the desk working on the computer, with several cats ____ him.

A. around

B. be around

C. to be around

D. were around

分析答案是A，around him是介词短语作cats的补语，整个with结构作伴随状语。

及时巩固根据语境，选择最佳答案填入空格，然后参见题后的参考答案。

1. With all the children ____, the old woman will feel at times lonely.

A. abroad

B. work abroad

C. to live abroad

D. to be abroad

2. At the sight I was frightened and fell off the bike, with all the books ____ on the ground.

A. lie

B. lay

C. laid

D. lying

3. With still a long way ____, we didn’t stop to have a rest and went on with our journey.

A. goes

B. going

C. gone

D. to go

4. With so much ____, I’ll have to refuse the invitation.

A. dealt

B. to deal with

C. done

D. to do with

5. The little girl looks more mature with a pair of glasses ____.

A. wearing

B. to wear

C. on

D. put on

The Key: 1—5 ADDBC

With在复合结构下的几种形式？

形式一with+宾语+形容词

He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常开着窗睡觉。

Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。

形式二with+宾语+副词

He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头站在老师面前。

He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。

形式三with+宾语+名词

He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世时，女儿还是个小学生。

形式四with+宾语+介词短语

She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着眼泪说了声再见。

He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他头枕着胳膊睡着了。

形式五with+宾语+现在分词(短语)

He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。

I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。

形式六with+宾语+过去分词(短语)

He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。

形式七with+宾语+不定式(短语)

I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。

With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish it in time. 有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成。