2018年高考英语模拟试题(5)知识讲解

中山市2016年普通高考模拟考试

英语试题（五）

本试卷共10页，三部分，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：

1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡的卷头上。

2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将答题卡交回。

第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

George Washington was born in 1732 in Virginia. His father died when George was 11 years old. As a boy, he learned reading, writing and math. Then he worked as a land surveyor in western Virginia.

In his twenties, he became a British Army officer. George Washington fought in the French and Indian War.

Mr. Ellis points out that Washington did not have a formal or college education like many other early U.S. leaders, including John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.

"But in some sense, Adams goes to Harvard, and Jefferson goes to William and Mary and Washington goes to war."

Mr. Ellis says the first president was "a realist." At the same time, he was a "very passionate man" with "extremely strong emotions." He was known to get angry, but he only showed his temper to a few people.

Washington not only acted like a great leader –he looked like one. George Washington

stood about 1.9 meters tall. He was a head taller than the average man of his time.

He was very strong, and very graceful. He was known as one of the best horseback riders and best dancers in Virginia.

But he had a problem: bad teeth. Unlike his wife, Martha, who was known for her lovely smile, George Washington began losing his teeth in his twenties. When he was sworn in as president, he had only one tooth left.

Dentists made him sets of dentures from uncomfortable metal and springs. Some of the teeth were from hippopotamus ivory. Mr. Ellis says Washington even paid some of his slaves for their teeth.

"About six of the teeth in his mouth in his latter years, when he is president, are actually from slaves at Mount Vernon."

1. When George Washington was young, he _________ .

A. was a hard-working college student like the other American presidents

B. worked as a farmer

C. joined the army

D. liked literature very much

2. One problem bothered George Washington was his _________.

A. height

B. teeth

C. wife

D. bad temper

3. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?

A. George Washington was good at dancing.

B. George Washington was a good horseback rider.

C. George Washington was very sick when be became president.

D. George Washington got some teeth from slaves.

4. We can infer from the passage that Washington _________.

A. was a very lucky man

B. was a handsome man

C. had a happy marriage

D. showed great leadership

B

People have long known that nuts are part of a healthy diet. However, scientists in the Netherlands recently found that you do not need to eat many to get all the health benefits. Professor van den Brandt says "What we found is that the beneficial effect(s) of nuts and peanuts is already apparent at a lot lower levels of intake than has been suggested before." About 10 grams a day is enough to get the full health benefits of nuts. That is about an average-sized handful.

Nuts are high in fat and calories. So, eating a handful before dinner can help you to eat less.

But eating too many can ruin your appetite altogether. However, the researchers found that many peanut butters did not give the same health benefits as plain peanuts. That is because most peanut butters contain added oils and sugars. Also, when choosing which nuts to eat, avoid those stored or roasted in oil. Dry-roasted is better but still the high temperatures can kill the healthy nutrients. Nuts are most healthy if you eat them raw.

Not all nuts are created equal. Nuts differ in their fat and nutrient content. Almonds are among the least fatty nuts. Almonds also have calcium and are high in Vitamin E. Vitamin E helps to protect the body from disease. And it's good for skin and eyes. Chestnuts are the nut with the least fat and fewest calories. Chestnuts are rich in carbohydrates and fiber. And in their raw form, chestnuts are a good source of vitamin C. Roasted chestnuts are a popular treat in the winter. Walnuts are loaded with antioxidants, compounds that may help protect against cancer. They are also loaded with heart-friendly fats and omega-3s. So, walnuts are a good choice for people who do not eat fish.

5. Scientists have recently found out that ________.

A. people should eat as many nuts as possible

B. 10 grams of nuts can replace a meal

C. eating too many nuts is unnecessary

D. eating nuts is good for the brain.

6. From the passage we know that ________.

A. people should eat some nuts before dinner.

B. peanut butters are as healthy as plain peanuts

C. dry-roasted nuts are more healthy than oil-roasted nuts

D. eating nuts before dinner can ruin your appetite

7.Which of the following is similar to the underlined word “raw” in Paragraph 2?

A . fresh

B cooked C. clean D unprocessed

8. This passage is most likely to be in the section of a magazine.

A . life style B. healthy diet

C. recipe introduction D culture

C

Discover Nature Schools Programs

Becoming Bears(Kindergarten－2 grade)

By becoming baby bears，children learn from their “parent”to survive the seasons. Kids will find safety in the spring and learn kinds of food bears eat during the summer，and then create a cave for winter hibernation(冬眠).After learning the skills needed to survive，students will go out of the cave as an independent black bear able to care for themselves.(1.5－2 hours) Whose Clues？(3－5 grade)

Kids will discover how plants and animals use their special structures to survive. Through outdoor study of plants and animals，kids will recognize their special structures and learn how they enable species to eat，avoid their enemies and survive. Using what they have learned，kids will choose one species and tell how they survive in their living places.(3－4 hours) Winged Wonders(3－5 grade)

Birds add color and sound to our world and play an important ecological role. Students will learn the basics of birds，understand the role birds play in food chains and go bird watching using field guides and telescopes. Students will do hands-on activities. Students will use tools to build bird feeders，allowing them to attract birds at home.(3－4 hours)

Exploring Your Watershed(6－8 grade)

We all depend on clean water. Examining how our actions shape the waterways around us. Go on a hike to see first-hand some of the challenging water quality problems in a city. Students will test the water quality to determine the health of an ecosystem.

?Each program is taught for a class with at least 10 students.

?All programs include plenty of time outdoors. So please prepare proper clothing，sunscreen and insect killers for children.

?To take part in a program，please email dcprograms@mdc.mo. Gov.

9. What can kids do at Becoming Bears?

A. Watch bears’ performances.

B. Take care of bears.

C. Dress up as baby bears to learn about bears.

D. Learn how to survive a bear attack.

10. Kids who are interested in plants will choose .

A. Winged Wonders

B. Exploring Your Watershed

C. Becoming Bears

D. Whose Clues?

11. According to the passage，all the four programs .

A. have the same teaching hours

B. have outdoor activities

C. are offered during summer holidays

D. are designed for primary school students

D

If you have seen or heard of the British TV series Downton Abbey, you have probably noticed an “upstairs-downstairs” class system in which the noble people are upstairs，worrying what clothes they should wear for dinner and the poor people are downstairs, working hard to

make food and tea. So it’s not hard to tell that people are divided into different classes. British society has changed a lot since the days of Downton Abbey, but the division still exists and the funny accents do, too.

Nowadays, what divides Britons is the so-called “North-South divide”. As you make your way north from the south coast of England, the accent begins to change. The posh “How are you” in parts of the South becomes “Ahhdu” (how do you do) in the Midlands, “reeit” (are you alright) in the North West, “eyyup”(what’s up) in Yorkshire, and “hou’s it gaun”(how’s it going) in Scotland. Besides accents, the economy also changes. The rich southern city of London slowly becomes the North where people generally have less money.

So where does the “South” stop being the “South”and the “North” start being the “North”? Well, depending on where someone comes from in Britain, you’ll get a different answer.

“Anywhere above London is ‘the North’,”you might hear a Londoner say. Or if you’re in Scotland, you might hear, “Southern softer!”, talking about people from Lancashire or Yorkshire, who think of themselves as “hard(tough) Northerners”. “Anywhere south of M anchester is not northern,” you might hear a person from Manchester say.

Many stereotypes(成见) have come from the “North-South Divide”, too. Often, southerners are seen as being rude and snobbish by northerners. And northerners are often seen as uneducated by southerners.

12. The first paragraph serves to ________ .

A. compare the lives of upstairs with those of downstairs

B. explain how the class system worked in the past

C. attack the unfair class division

D. introduce the topic of the passage

13. People from North West greet each other by saying “”.

A. hou’s it gaun

B. reeit

C. eyyup

D. ahhdu

14. From Paragraph 4 we get to know ________.

A. Scotlanders think Londoners are not strong enough

B. Manchester people think Scotland belongs to the South

C. Yorkshire people regard themselves as Northerners

D. there is no such thing as “North-South Divide”

15. What is the passage mainly talking about?

A. British accents are different from North to South.

B. Class division is getting smaller at present.

C. It is about the “North-South Division” and its influence.

D. Northerners and Southerners dislike each other in Britain.