(全)高考英语真题考点详解-名词-冠词
高考英语真题考点详解-名词-冠词
名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。近年的高考题名词部分主要考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考查，考查题型以短文改错、完形填空、语法填空为主。
真题归纳：
1.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】Since I was a kid, I've considered different job I would like to do.
【答案】job改为jobs
【解析】考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
2.（2018·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 that / which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
【答案】67. causes
【解析】考查单复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
3.（2018·全国新课标卷I·短文改错）Last winter when I went here（改为there）again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
【答案】chicken改为chickens
【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知，其后用名词复数形式。
4.（2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract)... The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum —she never suspects.
【答案】61. attraction 考查名词。形容词top后面跟名词。
69. days 考查名词复数。few修饰复数名词。
5. （2018·全国新课标卷II·短文改错）When I was little, Friday's night was our family game night.
【答案】Friday's改为Friday。【解析】考查名词的格。名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定
语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所有关系，故把Friday’s改为Friday。
6. （2018·天津卷·单项填空）The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice
B. order
C. possibility
D. invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。
7.（2017年新课标I卷完形填空）Before the school year 47 (ended) ,I gave the kids a special 48 , T-shirts with the words “Verbs Are Your 49 ”on them. I had advised the kids that while verbs（动词）may seem dull ,most of the 50 (fun) things they do.
48. A. lesson B. gift
C. report
D. message；
49. A. Friends B. Awards
C. Masters
D. Tasks
48.【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析，A.lesson课，教训，B.gift礼物，C.report 报告，D.message信息，根据后文可知作者送给Freddy一件衬衫，即一个特殊的礼物，故选B。
49.【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A.Friends 朋友，B.Awards奖，C.Masters 主人，
D.Tasks任务。衬衫上写着“动词是你的朋友”，故选A。
8. （2017年北京卷完形填空）…In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of 51 .For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the 52 of young people to change the world….
51. A. praises B. invitations
C. replies
D. appointments
52. A. needs B. interests
C. dreams
D. efforts
51.【答案】
A 【解析】考查名词。A. praises赞美B. invitations邀请C. replies回复D. appointments约会。她收到了很多的赞美。因为下文有这方面的举例，给她颁奖，故答案为A。
52. 【答案】D
【解析】考查名词。A. needs需要B. interests兴趣C. dreams梦想D. efforts 努力。此处是指这个奖项是为了认可年轻人改变这个世界所作出的努力，根据句意可知选D。
冠词用法的三个基本原则：
1.单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；
2.复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；
3.无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指时，其前都要加定冠词the。
真题归纳：
1.（2019·新课标I卷·短文改错）Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.【答案】Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
2. （2018·新课标II卷·短文改错）As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.【答案】the改为a【解析】考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”，a用在表示泛指的单数名词前，the表示特指。故把the改为a。
3.（2017·新课标1卷语法填空）As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
4.（2017新课标3卷语法填空）But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6500 a day as 62 model in New York.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。model 是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指＂一个＂，故填a。
5.（2019·浙江卷·语法填空）Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
6. （2017年新课标2卷短文改错）During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.【答案】countryside 前加the 【解析】句意：去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。
7. （2017年新课标3卷短文改错）Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.【答案】picture前加the或this 【解
析】考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词，根据句意可知在picture 前加the或者this。
8.（2015·浙江卷）Jane's grandmother had wanted to write children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in _____ way.A. a; 不填B. the; the C. 不填; the D. a; the【答案】D【解析】句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个in the way 是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。选D
高考英语中冠词的常考考点解析
高考英语中冠词的常考考点解析 高考和冠词 冠词是历年高考的必考知识点,主要出现在单项选择和短文改错题中.虽说只有两类,共三个(不定冠词a,an和定冠词the),但其使用规则很复杂,一直是让考生感到很头痛的一类命题.本文就近年高考试题中的冠词考题和有关考点进行简要分析,以期帮助大家对冠词考点的理解和掌握. 需要说明的是:在近年高考试题中,冠词考题很少考查某一单独考点,一般都是一题两空,涉及两个考点.纵观历年高考试题,冠词考点主要集中在以下内容: 一,考查不定冠词a/an表示个别或泛指的用法 1.……Hav e you seen ______________ pen I left it here this moming. A.a,the B.the,the C.the,a D.a,a 析:答案D.此题考察不定冠词表示泛指的用法.pen和black one在这里都是"泛指",意为本类中非特指的"一个".本题易错选A,主要是没有认识到答话者的问求证是不是一支黑色的,并不是特指某支黑色钢笔. 2.Jumping out of ______________ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ______________ exciting experence.(NMET 2002) A./;the B./;an C.an;an D.the;the 析:答案C.此题中airplane为可数名词单数,其前用不定冠词an,表示泛指类别中的一个(是一架飞机而不是别的).experience此处"经历",是可数名词,所以其前要用an,意为"一次令人激动的经历". 3.She is ______________ newcomer to ______________ chemistry but she had already made some important discoveries.(NMET94) A.the,the B.the,/ C.a,/ D.a,the 析:答案 C.此题考查不定冠词泛指某类别中的一员以及学科名词前不加冠词用法."是个新手"要用"a+单数可数名词"做表语来表示类别,排除A,B.学科名称,球类,棋类名词一般不加冠词,选C. 二,考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法 4.Many people are still in ___________ habit of writing silly things in __________ public places.(NMET 93) A.the,the B./,/ C.the,/ D./,the 析:C.此题考查定冠词表示"特指"以及零冠词表示"泛指"用法.Habit后有定语修饰,说明是某种"特指"的习惯,要用定冠词the.此句中复数名词public places表示类别,是泛指,泛指的复数名词前不加the,故public前不加the,又如, People tend to think boys are cleverer than girls . 5.The cakes are delicious.He'd like to have ______________ third one because ______________ second
高考英语语法专题讲解(冠词)
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2020年高考英语精选考点：冠词和名词(教师版)
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高考英语冠词高频考点
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